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20 - REM sleep regulation by cholinergic neurons: highlights from 1999 to 2009

from Section IV - Neuroanatomy and neurochemistry

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 September 2011

By
Christopher J. Watson ,
Helen A. Baghdoyan  and
Ralph Lydic
Edited by
Birendra N. Mallick ,
S. R. Pandi-Perumal ,
Robert W. McCarley  and
Adrian R. Morrison
Christopher J. Watson
Affiliation:
University of Michigan
Helen A. Baghdoyan
Affiliation:
University of Michigan
Ralph Lydic
Affiliation:
University of Michigan
Birendra N. Mallick
Affiliation:
Jawaharlal Nehru University
S. R. Pandi-Perumal
Affiliation:
Somnogen Canada Inc, Toronto
Robert W. McCarley
Affiliation:
Harvard University, Massachusetts
Adrian R. Morrison
Affiliation:
University of Pennsylvania
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Summary

Summary

Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is a behavioral state initiated and maintained by the interaction of multiple neurotransmitters, including acetylcholine. Numerous studies confirm that cholinergic transmission contributes to the regulation of REM sleep. Cholinergic signaling in the basal forebrain modulates the cortical activation that occurs during REM sleep. It is also well documented that cholinergic transmission in the pontine reticular formation plays a role in REM-sleep generation and maintenance. This chapter highlights evidence supporting that acetylcholine regulates REM sleep and focuses on the mechanisms that regulate cholinergic transmission within arousal-regulating brain regions. The chapter also considers how other arousal-regulating neurotransmitters, such as hypocretin, GABA, adenosine, and opioids modulate both cholinergic signaling and REM sleep. A greater understanding of how neurotransmitter interactions regulate REM sleep will further clarify the role of cholinergic transmission in REM-sleep generation. Employing new analytical techniques will facilitate understanding the effects of multiple neurotransmitter interactions on physiologically relevant time scales. Capillary electrophoresis and biosensors, which can quantify neurochemical changes on the order of seconds, will allow insights that could not be achieved with more conventional sampling techniques.

Type
Chapter
Information
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep
Regulation and Function
 , pp. 194 - 205
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2011

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