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17 - The role of fungi in carbon and nitrogen cycles in freshwater ecosystems

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 December 2009

By
Vladislav Gulis ,
Kevin Kuehn  and
Keller Suberkropp
Edited by
Geoffrey Michael Gadd
Vladislav Gulis
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
Kevin Kuehn
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti MI, USA
Keller Suberkropp
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
Geoffrey Michael Gadd
Affiliation:
University of Dundee
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Summary

Introduction

Fungi are adapted to a diverse array of freshwater ecosystems. In streams and rivers, flowing water provides a mechanism for downstream dispersal of fungal propagules. The dominant group of fungi in these habitats, aquatic hyphomycetes, have conidia that are morphologically adapted (tetraradiate and sigmoid) for attachment to their substrates (leaf litter and woody debris from riparian vegetation) in flowing water (Webster, 1959; Webster & Davey, 1984). In freshwater wetlands and lake littoral zones, production of emergent aquatic macrophytes is often extremely high, resulting in an abundance of plant material that eventually enters the detrital pool. The dead shoot material of these macrophytes (leaf blades, leaf sheaths and culms) often remains standing for long periods of time before collapsing to the sediments or water. This plant matter is colonized by fungi that are adapted for surviving the harsh conditions that prevail in the standing-dead environment (Kuehn et al., 1998). There are a number of other freshwater ecosystems where fungi are present and exhibit interesting adaptations, e.g. aero-aquatic fungi in woodland ponds, zoosporic organisms (Chytridiomycota and Oomycota) in a variety of habitats including the pelagic zones of lakes, and Trichomycetes that inhabit the guts of a variety of aquatic insects. Despite the well-known occurrence of these fungal groups in aquatic habitats, virtually nothing is known concerning their roles in biogeochemical processes. Overall, the contributions of fungi to biogeochemical cycles have been understudied in most freshwater ecosystems.

Type
Chapter
Information
Fungi in Biogeochemical Cycles , pp. 404 - 435
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2006

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