A young child, who had a previously unsuspected aberrant right subclavian retro-oesophageal artery, swallowed a button battery complicated with recurrent life-threatening bleeding, and survived after repeated percutaneous treatment as a bridge to surgery.

This work aims to characterize and study the properties of an Algerian diatomaceous earth (Sig-Mascara) as a catalyst carrier. A commercial product of diatomite was characterized by granulometric analysis, X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis/differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy methods. To purify the diatomite and remove the impurities (iron oxides, clay minerals, quartz and organic matters), the <63 μm fraction of the diatomite was separated out. The 15Ni/Ds-700 catalyst has lower SiO2, Al2O3 and CaO contents compared with the original diatomite. The NiO content of the catalyst is 15 wt.%, indicating successful impregnation. According to the nitrogen sorption–desorption results, the specific surface area of the purified diatomite particles (<63 μm) increased from 26.47 to 46.33 m2 g–1 compared to crude diatomite. The 15Ni/Ds-700 catalyst was applied in the dry reforming of methane to obtain synthesis gas (CO and H2). The results showed that the catalyst was relatively stable during catalytic measurements for 6 h, although the conversion rate value was low (12%).

An extensive theoretical and practitioner literature addresses the drivers and consequences of transformation of violent rebel actors during conflicts. However, measurement challenges constrain large-N empirical study of the effects and consequences of such transformations. This Research Note introduces a strategy to identify periods of transformation and change in the operation of non-state armed militant groups via computational text analysis of trends in reporting on activities. It presents the measurement approach and demonstrates scalability to a corpus of more than 200 militant groups operating from 1989 to 2020. The study concludes by extending a recent analysis of the impacts of uncertainty on conflict termination. An online Appendix demonstrates the advantages and drawbacks of the measurement through a series of case studies.

Sport climbing requires a combination of physical and cognitive skills, with working memory (WM) playing a crucial role in performance. This study aimed to investigate the association between WM capacity and climbing ability, while considering potential confounding factors including sex, age, education level, and climbing experience. Additionally, the study compared prefrontal cortex (PFC) hemodynamic responses among different climbing ability groups and sex during WM performance. Twenty-eight climbers participated, with WM assessed using the eCorsi task and PFC hemodynamic responses measured with near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Initial linear regression analyses revealed no association between WM and climbing ability. However, significant associations were found after adjustment for covariates. Specifically, sex (p = .014), sex in conjunction with age (p = .026), sex combined with climbing experience (p = .022), and sex along with education level (p = .038) were identified as significant predictors of differences in WM between Expert and Elite climbers. Additionally, notable differences in PFC hemodynamic responses were observed between Expert and Elite climbers, as well as between sexes during the WM task, providing support for differences in WM capacity. This study contributes to understanding the complex relationship between WM capacity and climbing performance, emphasizing the need to account for influencing factors in assessments.

Limited evidence exists about the contraception uptake in indigenous tribal groups of the north-eastern region of India. This study based on the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) IV (2015–2016) reports aimed to describe the pattern and factors associated with contraceptive non-use in the tribal women of the north-eastern part of India. The study was a cross-sectional analytical study based on secondary analysis of NFHS-IV data. All women in the age group of 15–49 years from the north-eastern part of India were included. Data were extracted and analysed using modified STATA-14 software. The association of socio-demographic and economic characteristics with contraceptive non-use was assessed using logistic regression. The inter-group differences of population characteristics for non-use contraceptives were assessed by modified Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition technique using ‘Fairlie decomposition’. A total of 65,941 women were included, of whom 34,936 (52.9%) were tribal women. The proportion of contraceptive non-use was higher in tribal women. Tribal women with age at marriage above 30 years, Christian community, and women from Assam and Manipur state had higher odds of contraceptive non-use. The decomposition analysis showed that geographical variations, parity, and Christian religion contributed the most to contraceptive use disparity in the population. A huge gap was observed in contraceptive non-use among tribal and non-tribal women in the north-eastern part of India. The healthcare system must involve community representatives in designing context-specific community-based initiatives to increase the uptake of contraceptive use in these remote vulnerable communities.

More-than-human refusal, as an expression of agency, plays an active role in constructing boundaries. In this article, I address what kind of environmental education is made possible by the productive constraints of respecting more-than-human boundaries and refusal. This is intertwined with how humans can practice being attentive to the intra-actions of more-than-humans when they are not physically present, are only speculated to be present or are present through artifacts. I rhizomatically analyse my relationship with a leafcutter bee (Megachile spp.) nest as a situated example of practicing a relational ethic of care. Through queering the boundary between myself and the leafcutter bee, nature becomes not something that I (human) experience, but as something we (bougainvillea-leafcutter bee-nest-human assemblage) produce through our human-and-more-than-human relationality. Rather than seeing limited proximity as prohibitive, environmental education can use this productive constraint to know-with more-than-human others in a way that disrupts the nature/culture binary — to blur the boundaries between humans and more-than-humans without violating the agency asserted by more-than-humans.

Investing in the sexual and reproductive health of young adults can directly and indirectly contribute to accelerated economic growth. Looking beyond individual determinants of sexual behaviours and focusing on cultural factors such as ethnic affiliation are crucial for interventions and programme planning, particularly in a context like Nigeria. Using a concurrent triangulation mixed-methods design, this article explores the associations between ethnic affiliations and protective sexual behaviours of young adults in Nigeria. The quantitative data was derived from a representative sample of 1,393 male and female youth aged 16–24 years in three states purposively selected from three regions in Nigeria, while qualitative data was based on 18 focus groups and 36 in-depth interviews. The quantitative data was analysed using frequency distributions and regressions, while content analysis was employed to analyse qualitative data. Descriptive results showed that abstinence was higher for Hausa (80%) young adults compared with Yoruba (72%) and Igbo (68%) young adults. Condom use was lowest for Hausa (56%) young adults compared with Igbo (80%) and Yoruba (81%) young adults. The effect of education on abstinence differed by ethnicity and living with two parents was associated with a higher likelihood of abstinence among youth in all ethnic groups. Fear of early fatherhood and unplanned pregnancy was a prominent reason for protective sexual behaviour among Yoruba, Igbo, and Hausa young adults. The findings from this study show that young adults who engage in protective sexual behaviours may identify different rationales for this behaviour based on their ethnic background. Programme planners interested in promoting and encouraging protective sexual behaviours should recognize these multiple reasons across different ethnic affiliations to scale up and sustain existing interventions.

Dynamic stall at low Reynolds numbers, $Re \sim O(10^4)$, exhibits complex flow physics with co-existing laminar, transitional and turbulent flow regions. Current state-of-the-art stall onset criteria use parameters that rely on flow properties integrated around the leading edge. These include the leading edge suction parameter or $LESP$ (Ramesh et al., J. Fluid Mech., vol. 751, 2014, pp. 500–538) and boundary enstrophy flux or $BEF$ (Sudharsan et al., J. Fluid Mech., vol. 935, 2022, A10), which have been found to be effective for predicting stall onset at moderate to high $Re$. However, low-$Re$ flows feature strong vortex-shedding events occurring across the entire airfoil surface, including regions away from the leading edge, altering the flow field and influencing the onset of stall. In the present work, the ability of these stall criteria to effectively capture and localize these vortex shedding events in space and time is investigated. High-resolution large-eddy simulations for an SD7003 airfoil undergoing a constant-rate, pitch-up motion at two $Re$ (10 000 and 60 000) and two pitch rates reveal a rich variety of unsteady flow phenomena, including instabilities, transition, vortex formation, merging and shedding, which are described in detail. While stall onset is reflected in both $LESP$ and $BEF$, local vortex-shedding events are identified only by the $BEF$. Therefore, $BEF$ can be used to identify both dynamic stall onset and local vortex-shedding events in space and time.