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8 - Plasticity of the Brain and Cognition in Older Adults

from Part I - Biomedical Aspects

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 January 2019

By
Kiyoka Kinugawa
Edited by
Rocío Fernández-Ballesteros ,
Athanase Benetos  and
Jean-Marie Robine
Rocío Fernández-Ballesteros
Affiliation:
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
Athanase Benetos
Affiliation:
Université de Lorraine and Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) Nancy
Jean-Marie Robine
Affiliation:
INSERM
Get access

Summary

Brain plasticity refers to the brain’s dynamic process to modify its existing cortical structures and functions, in response to intrinsic and extrinsic factors. It is a biological mechanism of the learning brain, supported essentially by neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity (strengthening and weakening). Plasticity is not limited to an early childhood, but the brain is continuously plastic throughout life. The main difference with aging is the way in which the brain regulates plasticity: in older brains, plasticity is regulated as a function of behavioral context and outcomes, and not as continuous competitive processes as in younger brain. Based on the understanding of brain plasticity, cognition can be improved for successful brain aging. Many ways are discussed: environmental simulation (novelty and challenge), cognitive training, exercise, sleep, and brain plasticity-based pharmacologic interventions. Thus, the future strategy for successful cognitive aging might be to boost and recruit this plasticity, to prevent age-related cognitive decline and age associated comorbidities, by a personalized and multimodal brain plasticity-based therapeutics.
Type
Chapter
Information
The Cambridge Handbook of Successful Aging , pp. 110 - 130
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2019

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