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Chapter 5 - Vesiculo-Erosive and Ulcerative Lesions of Oral Cavity and Skin

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 June 2017

Robert O. Greer ,
Robert E. Marx ,
Sherif Said  and
Lori D. Prok
By
Lori D. Prok
Robert O. Greer
Affiliation:
University of Colorado, Denver
Robert E. Marx
Affiliation:
University of Miami
Sherif Said
Affiliation:
University of Colorado, Denver
Lori D. Prok
Affiliation:
University of Colorado, Denver
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Pediatric Head and Neck Pathology , pp. 113 - 127
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2016

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References

Primary Sources

Cantey, JB, Sánchez, PJ. Neonatal herpes simplex virus infections: past progress and future challenges. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2013; 32(11): 1205–7.Google Scholar
Usatine, RP, Tinitigan, R. Nongenital herpes simplex virus. Am Fam Physician 2010; 82(9): 1075–82.Google Scholar
Eryilmaz, A, et al. Diagnostic reliability of the Tzanck smear in dermatologic diseases. Int J Dermatol 2014; 53(2): 178–86.Google Scholar
Tan, TY, et al. Development and clinical validation of a multiplex real-time PCR assay for herpes simplex and varicella zoster virus. Diagn Mol Pathol 2013; 22(4): 245–8.Google Scholar
Amagai, M, Stanley, JR. Desmoglein as a target in skin disease and beyond. J Invest Dermatol 2012; 132 (Pt 2): 776–84.Google Scholar
Shi, D, et al. Bullous impetigo in children infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus alone or in combination with methicillin-susceptible S. aureus: analysis of genetic characteristics, including assessment of exfoliative toxin gene carriage. J Clin Microbiol 2011; 49(5): 1972–4.Google Scholar
Koning, S, et al. Interventions for impetigo. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012; Jan 18; 1:CD003261.Google Scholar
Lamand, V, et al. Epidemiological data of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome in France from 1997 to 2007 and microbiological characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus associated strains. Clin Microbiol Infect 2012; 18(12): E514–21.Google Scholar
Li, MY, et al. Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome in neonates: an 8-year retrospective study in a single institution. Pediatr Dermatol 2014; 31(1): 43–7.Google Scholar
Barustein, I, et al. Antibiotic sensitivity and resistance patterns in pediatric staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome. Pediatr Dermatol 2014; 31(3): 305–8.Google Scholar
Cardoso, JC, Calonje, E. Cutaneous manifestations of human papillomaviruses: a review. Acta Dermatovenerol Alp Panonica Adriat 2011; 20(3): 145–54.Google Scholar
Ruiz, R, Silva, GR, Menchaca, HR. Focal epithelial hyperplasia. Lancet 2014; 384(9938): 173.Google Scholar
Zampetti, A, et al. Acquired epidermodysplasia verruciformis: a comprehensive review and a proposal for treatment. Dermatol Surg 2013; 39(7): 974–80.Google Scholar
Giannaki, M, et al. Human papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping of cutaneous warts in Greek children. Pediatr Dermatol 2013; 30(6): 730–5.Google Scholar
Bosch, FX, et al. Comprehensive control of human papillomavirus infections and related diseases. Vaccine 2013; 30: Suppl 7: H1–31.Google Scholar

Secondary Sources

Cantey, JB, Sánchez, PJ. Neonatal herpes simplex virus infections: past progress and future challenges. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2013; 32(11): 1205–7.Google Scholar
Usatine, RP, Tinitigan, R. Nongenital herpes simplex virus. Am Fam Physician 2010; 82(9): 1075–82.Google Scholar
Eryilmaz, A, et al. Diagnostic reliability of the Tzanck smear in dermatologic diseases. Int J Dermatol 2014; 53(2): 178–86.Google Scholar
Tan, TY, et al. Development and clinical validation of a multiplex real-time PCR assay for herpes simplex and varicella zoster virus. Diagn Mol Pathol 2013; 22(4): 245–8.Google Scholar
Amagai, M, Stanley, JR. Desmoglein as a target in skin disease and beyond. J Invest Dermatol 2012; 132 (Pt 2): 776–84.Google Scholar
Shi, D, et al. Bullous impetigo in children infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus alone or in combination with methicillin-susceptible S. aureus: analysis of genetic characteristics, including assessment of exfoliative toxin gene carriage. J Clin Microbiol 2011; 49(5): 1972–4.Google Scholar
Koning, S, et al. Interventions for impetigo. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012; Jan 18; 1:CD003261.Google Scholar
Lamand, V, et al. Epidemiological data of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome in France from 1997 to 2007 and microbiological characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus associated strains. Clin Microbiol Infect 2012; 18(12): E514–21.Google Scholar
Li, MY, et al. Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome in neonates: an 8-year retrospective study in a single institution. Pediatr Dermatol 2014; 31(1): 43–7.Google Scholar
Barustein, I, et al. Antibiotic sensitivity and resistance patterns in pediatric staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome. Pediatr Dermatol 2014; 31(3): 305–8.Google Scholar
Cardoso, JC, Calonje, E. Cutaneous manifestations of human papillomaviruses: a review. Acta Dermatovenerol Alp Panonica Adriat 2011; 20(3): 145–54.Google Scholar
Ruiz, R, Silva, GR, Menchaca, HR. Focal epithelial hyperplasia. Lancet 2014; 384(9938): 173.Google Scholar
Zampetti, A, et al. Acquired epidermodysplasia verruciformis: a comprehensive review and a proposal for treatment. Dermatol Surg 2013; 39(7): 974–80.Google Scholar
Giannaki, M, et al. Human papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping of cutaneous warts in Greek children. Pediatr Dermatol 2013; 30(6): 730–5.Google Scholar
Bosch, FX, et al. Comprehensive control of human papillomavirus infections and related diseases. Vaccine 2013; 30: Suppl 7: H1–31.Google Scholar
Yazganoğlu, KD, Baykal, C, Küçükoğlu, R. Childhood pemphigus vulgaris: five cases in 16 years. J Dermatol 2006; 33(12): 846–9.Google Scholar
Mabrouk, D, Ahmed, AR. Analysis of current therapy and clinical outcome in childhood pemphigus vulgaris. Pediatr Dermatol 2011; 28(5): 485–93.Google Scholar
Della Torre, R, et al. Clinical presentation and diagnostic delay in bullous pemphigoid: a prospective nationwide cohort. Br J Dermatol 2012; 167(5): 1111–7.Google Scholar
Simmons, RN, Bruckner, AL, Prok, LD. Blisters in a 4-year-old: an unexpected diagnosis. Bullous pemphigoid. Pediatr Dermatol 2013; 30(1): 135–6.Google Scholar
Andrachuk, L, et al. Linear arrangement of neutrophils along the basal layer in bullous pemphigoid: a unique histological finding. Am J Dermatopathol 2012; 34(2): 192–3.Google Scholar
Sárdy, M. Comparative study of direct and indirect immunofluorescence and of bullous pemphigoid 180 and 230 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid. J Am Acad Dermatol 2013; 69(5): 748–53.Google Scholar
Mintz, EM, Morel, KD. Clinical features, diagnosis, and pathogenesis of chronic bullous disease of childhood. Dermatol Clin 2011; 29(3): 459–62.Google Scholar
Chanal, J, et al. Linear IgA bullous dermatosis: comparison between the drug-induced and spontaneous forms. Br J Dermatol 2013; 169(5): 1041–8.Google Scholar
Sakaguchi, M, et al. Three cases of linear IgA/IgG bullous dermatosis showing IgA and IgG reactivity with multiple antigens, particularly laminin-332. JAMA Dermatol 2013; 149(11): 1308–13.Google Scholar
Guandalini, S, Assiri, A. Celiac disease: a review. JAMA Pediatr 2014 Mar; 168(3): 272–8.Google Scholar
Antiga, E, et al. Clinical and immunopathological features of 159 patients with dermatitis herpetiformis: an Italian experience. G Ital Dermatol Venereol 2013; 148(2): 163–9.Google Scholar
Bardella, MT. Long-term remission in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis on a normal diet. Br J Dermatol 2003; 149(5): 968–71.Google Scholar
Ermacora, E, Long-term follow-up of dermatitis herpetiformis in children. J Am Acad Dermatol 1986; 15(1): 24–30.Google Scholar
Pandhi, D, Singal, A, Bhattacharya, SN. Lichen planus in childhood: a series of 316 patients. Pediatr Dermatol 2014; 31(1): 59–67.Google Scholar
De Morase, PC, et al. Atypical case of oral lichen planus in a pediatric patient: clinical presentation and management. Pediatr Dent 2011; 33(5): 445–7.Google Scholar
Yazganoğlu, KD, Baykal, C, Küçükoğlu, R. Childhood pemphigus vulgaris: five cases in 16 years. J Dermatol 2006; 33(12): 846–9.Google Scholar
Mabrouk, D, Ahmed, AR. Analysis of current therapy and clinical outcome in childhood pemphigus vulgaris. Pediatr Dermatol 2011; 28(5): 485–93.Google Scholar
Della Torre, R, et al. Clinical presentation and diagnostic delay in bullous pemphigoid: a prospective nationwide cohort. Br J Dermatol 2012; 167(5): 1111–7.Google Scholar
Simmons, RN, Bruckner, AL, Prok, LD. Blisters in a 4-year-old: an unexpected diagnosis. Bullous pemphigoid. Pediatr Dermatol 2013; 30(1): 135–6.Google Scholar
Andrachuk, L, et al. Linear arrangement of neutrophils along the basal layer in bullous pemphigoid: a unique histological finding. Am J Dermatopathol 2012; 34(2): 192–3.Google Scholar
Sárdy, M. Comparative study of direct and indirect immunofluorescence and of bullous pemphigoid 180 and 230 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid. J Am Acad Dermatol 2013; 69(5): 748–53.Google Scholar
Mintz, EM, Morel, KD. Clinical features, diagnosis, and pathogenesis of chronic bullous disease of childhood. Dermatol Clin 2011; 29(3): 459–62.Google Scholar
Chanal, J, et al. Linear IgA bullous dermatosis: comparison between the drug-induced and spontaneous forms. Br J Dermatol 2013; 169(5): 1041–8.Google Scholar
Sakaguchi, M, et al. Three cases of linear IgA/IgG bullous dermatosis showing IgA and IgG reactivity with multiple antigens, particularly laminin-332. JAMA Dermatol 2013; 149(11): 1308–13.Google Scholar
Guandalini, S, Assiri, A. Celiac disease: a review. JAMA Pediatr 2014 Mar; 168(3): 272–8.Google Scholar
Antiga, E, et al. Clinical and immunopathological features of 159 patients with dermatitis herpetiformis: an Italian experience. G Ital Dermatol Venereol 2013; 148(2): 163–9.Google Scholar
Bardella, MT. Long-term remission in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis on a normal diet. Br J Dermatol 2003; 149(5): 968–71.Google Scholar
Ermacora, E, Long-term follow-up of dermatitis herpetiformis in children. J Am Acad Dermatol 1986; 15(1): 24–30.Google Scholar
Pandhi, D, Singal, A, Bhattacharya, SN. Lichen planus in childhood: a series of 316 patients. Pediatr Dermatol 2014; 31(1): 59–67.Google Scholar
De Morase, PC, et al. Atypical case of oral lichen planus in a pediatric patient: clinical presentation and management. Pediatr Dent 2011; 33(5): 445–7.Google Scholar
Falk, ES, Eide, TJ. Histologic and clinical findings in human scabies. Int J Dermatol 1981; 20(9): 600–5.Google Scholar
Burch, JM, Krol, A, Weston, WL. Sarcoptes scabiei infestation misdiagnosed and treated as Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Pediatr Dermatol 2004; 21(1): 58–62.Google Scholar
Bécourt, C, et al. Treatment of scabies with oral ivermectin in 15 infants: a retrospective study on tolerance and efficacy. Br J Dermatol 2013; 169(4): 931–3.Google Scholar
Mounsey, KE, McCarthy, JS. Treatment and control of scabies. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2013; 26(2): 133–9.Google Scholar
de Waard-van der Spek, FB, et al. Allergic contact dermatitis in children: which factors are relevant? (review of the literature). Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2013; 24(4): 321–9.Google Scholar
Simonsen, AB, et al. Contact allergy and allergic contact dermatitis in children - a review of current data. Contact Dermatitis 2011; 65(5): 254–65.Google Scholar
Weston, WL, Morelli, JG. Herpes simplex virus-associated erythema multiforme in prepubertal children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1997; 151(10): 1014–6.Google Scholar
Sokumbi, O, Wetter, DA. Clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of erythema multiforme: a review for the practicing dermatologist. Int J Dermatol 2012; 51(8): 889–902.Google Scholar
Ferrandiz-Pulido, C, Garcia-Patos, V. A review of causes of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis in children. Arch Dis Child 2013; 98(12): 998–1003.Google Scholar
Schwartz, RA, McDonough, PH, Lee, BW. Toxic epidermal necrolysis: Part I. Introduction, history, classification, clinical features, systemic manifestations, etiology, and immunopathogenesis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2013; 69(2): 173.Google Scholar
Schwartz, RA, McDonough, PH, Lee, BW. Toxic epidermal necrolysis: Part II. Prognosis, sequelae, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. J Am Acad Dermatol 2013; 69(2): 187.Google Scholar
Lane, JE, et al. Paraneoplastic autoimmune multiorgan syndrome (paraneoplastic pemphigus) in a child: case report and review of the literature. Pediatrics 2004; 114(4): 513–6.Google Scholar
Daneshpazhooh, M, et al. Fatal paraneoplastic pemphigus after removal of Castleman’s disease in a child. Pediatr Dermatol 2012; 29(5): 656–7.Google Scholar
Poot, AM, et al. Laboratory diagnosis of paraneoplastic pemphigus. Br J Dermatol 2013; 169(5): 1016–24.Google Scholar
Fine, JD, et al. The classification of inherited epidermolysis bullosa (EB): report of the third international consensus meeting on diagnosis and classification of EB. J Am Acad Dermatol 2008; 58(6): 931–50.Google Scholar
Falk, ES, Eide, TJ. Histologic and clinical findings in human scabies. Int J Dermatol 1981; 20(9): 600–5.Google Scholar
Burch, JM, Krol, A, Weston, WL. Sarcoptes scabiei infestation misdiagnosed and treated as Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Pediatr Dermatol 2004; 21(1): 58–62.Google Scholar
Bécourt, C, et al. Treatment of scabies with oral ivermectin in 15 infants: a retrospective study on tolerance and efficacy. Br J Dermatol 2013; 169(4): 931–3.Google Scholar
Mounsey, KE, McCarthy, JS. Treatment and control of scabies. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2013; 26(2): 133–9.Google Scholar
de Waard-van der Spek, FB, et al. Allergic contact dermatitis in children: which factors are relevant? (review of the literature). Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2013; 24(4): 321–9.Google Scholar
Simonsen, AB, et al. Contact allergy and allergic contact dermatitis in children - a review of current data. Contact Dermatitis 2011; 65(5): 254–65.Google Scholar
Weston, WL, Morelli, JG. Herpes simplex virus-associated erythema multiforme in prepubertal children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1997; 151(10): 1014–6.Google Scholar
Sokumbi, O, Wetter, DA. Clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of erythema multiforme: a review for the practicing dermatologist. Int J Dermatol 2012; 51(8): 889–902.Google Scholar
Ferrandiz-Pulido, C, Garcia-Patos, V. A review of causes of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis in children. Arch Dis Child 2013; 98(12): 998–1003.Google Scholar
Schwartz, RA, McDonough, PH, Lee, BW. Toxic epidermal necrolysis: Part I. Introduction, history, classification, clinical features, systemic manifestations, etiology, and immunopathogenesis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2013; 69(2): 173.Google Scholar
Schwartz, RA, McDonough, PH, Lee, BW. Toxic epidermal necrolysis: Part II. Prognosis, sequelae, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. J Am Acad Dermatol 2013; 69(2): 187.Google Scholar
Lane, JE, et al. Paraneoplastic autoimmune multiorgan syndrome (paraneoplastic pemphigus) in a child: case report and review of the literature. Pediatrics 2004; 114(4): 513–6.Google Scholar
Daneshpazhooh, M, et al. Fatal paraneoplastic pemphigus after removal of Castleman’s disease in a child. Pediatr Dermatol 2012; 29(5): 656–7.Google Scholar
Poot, AM, et al. Laboratory diagnosis of paraneoplastic pemphigus. Br J Dermatol 2013; 169(5): 1016–24.Google Scholar
Fine, JD, et al. The classification of inherited epidermolysis bullosa (EB): report of the third international consensus meeting on diagnosis and classification of EB. J Am Acad Dermatol 2008; 58(6): 931–50.Google Scholar
Cantey, JB, Sánchez, PJ. Neonatal herpes simplex virus infections: past progress and future challenges. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2013; 32(11): 1205–7.Google Scholar
Usatine, RP, Tinitigan, R. Nongenital herpes simplex virus. Am Fam Physician 2010; 82(9): 1075–82.Google Scholar
Eryilmaz, A, et al. Diagnostic reliability of the Tzanck smear in dermatologic diseases. Int J Dermatol 2014; 53(2): 178–86.Google Scholar
Tan, TY, et al. Development and clinical validation of a multiplex real-time PCR assay for herpes simplex and varicella zoster virus. Diagn Mol Pathol 2013; 22(4): 245–8.Google Scholar
Amagai, M, Stanley, JR. Desmoglein as a target in skin disease and beyond. J Invest Dermatol 2012; 132 (Pt 2): 776–84.Google Scholar
Shi, D, et al. Bullous impetigo in children infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus alone or in combination with methicillin-susceptible S. aureus: analysis of genetic characteristics, including assessment of exfoliative toxin gene carriage. J Clin Microbiol 2011; 49(5): 1972–4.Google Scholar
Koning, S, et al. Interventions for impetigo. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012; Jan 18; 1:CD003261.Google Scholar
Lamand, V, et al. Epidemiological data of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome in France from 1997 to 2007 and microbiological characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus associated strains. Clin Microbiol Infect 2012; 18(12): E514–21.Google Scholar
Li, MY, et al. Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome in neonates: an 8-year retrospective study in a single institution. Pediatr Dermatol 2014; 31(1): 43–7.Google Scholar
Barustein, I, et al. Antibiotic sensitivity and resistance patterns in pediatric staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome. Pediatr Dermatol 2014; 31(3): 305–8.Google Scholar
Cardoso, JC, Calonje, E. Cutaneous manifestations of human papillomaviruses: a review. Acta Dermatovenerol Alp Panonica Adriat 2011; 20(3): 145–54.Google Scholar
Ruiz, R, Silva, GR, Menchaca, HR. Focal epithelial hyperplasia. Lancet 2014; 384(9938): 173.Google Scholar
Zampetti, A, et al. Acquired epidermodysplasia verruciformis: a comprehensive review and a proposal for treatment. Dermatol Surg 2013; 39(7): 974–80.Google Scholar
Giannaki, M, et al. Human papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping of cutaneous warts in Greek children. Pediatr Dermatol 2013; 30(6): 730–5.Google Scholar
Bosch, FX, et al. Comprehensive control of human papillomavirus infections and related diseases. Vaccine 2013; 30: Suppl 7: H1–31.Google Scholar
Cantey, JB, Sánchez, PJ. Neonatal herpes simplex virus infections: past progress and future challenges. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2013; 32(11): 1205–7.Google Scholar
Usatine, RP, Tinitigan, R. Nongenital herpes simplex virus. Am Fam Physician 2010; 82(9): 1075–82.Google Scholar
Eryilmaz, A, et al. Diagnostic reliability of the Tzanck smear in dermatologic diseases. Int J Dermatol 2014; 53(2): 178–86.Google Scholar
Tan, TY, et al. Development and clinical validation of a multiplex real-time PCR assay for herpes simplex and varicella zoster virus. Diagn Mol Pathol 2013; 22(4): 245–8.Google Scholar
Amagai, M, Stanley, JR. Desmoglein as a target in skin disease and beyond. J Invest Dermatol 2012; 132 (Pt 2): 776–84.Google Scholar
Shi, D, et al. Bullous impetigo in children infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus alone or in combination with methicillin-susceptible S. aureus: analysis of genetic characteristics, including assessment of exfoliative toxin gene carriage. J Clin Microbiol 2011; 49(5): 1972–4.Google Scholar
Koning, S, et al. Interventions for impetigo. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012; Jan 18; 1:CD003261.Google Scholar
Lamand, V, et al. Epidemiological data of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome in France from 1997 to 2007 and microbiological characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus associated strains. Clin Microbiol Infect 2012; 18(12): E514–21.Google Scholar
Li, MY, et al. Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome in neonates: an 8-year retrospective study in a single institution. Pediatr Dermatol 2014; 31(1): 43–7.Google Scholar
Barustein, I, et al. Antibiotic sensitivity and resistance patterns in pediatric staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome. Pediatr Dermatol 2014; 31(3): 305–8.Google Scholar
Cardoso, JC, Calonje, E. Cutaneous manifestations of human papillomaviruses: a review. Acta Dermatovenerol Alp Panonica Adriat 2011; 20(3): 145–54.Google Scholar
Ruiz, R, Silva, GR, Menchaca, HR. Focal epithelial hyperplasia. Lancet 2014; 384(9938): 173.Google Scholar
Zampetti, A, et al. Acquired epidermodysplasia verruciformis: a comprehensive review and a proposal for treatment. Dermatol Surg 2013; 39(7): 974–80.Google Scholar
Giannaki, M, et al. Human papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping of cutaneous warts in Greek children. Pediatr Dermatol 2013; 30(6): 730–5.Google Scholar
Bosch, FX, et al. Comprehensive control of human papillomavirus infections and related diseases. Vaccine 2013; 30: Suppl 7: H1–31.Google Scholar
Yazganoğlu, KD, Baykal, C, Küçükoğlu, R. Childhood pemphigus vulgaris: five cases in 16 years. J Dermatol 2006; 33(12): 846–9.Google Scholar
Mabrouk, D, Ahmed, AR. Analysis of current therapy and clinical outcome in childhood pemphigus vulgaris. Pediatr Dermatol 2011; 28(5): 485–93.Google Scholar
Della Torre, R, et al. Clinical presentation and diagnostic delay in bullous pemphigoid: a prospective nationwide cohort. Br J Dermatol 2012; 167(5): 1111–7.Google Scholar
Simmons, RN, Bruckner, AL, Prok, LD. Blisters in a 4-year-old: an unexpected diagnosis. Bullous pemphigoid. Pediatr Dermatol 2013; 30(1): 135–6.Google Scholar
Andrachuk, L, et al. Linear arrangement of neutrophils along the basal layer in bullous pemphigoid: a unique histological finding. Am J Dermatopathol 2012; 34(2): 192–3.Google Scholar
Sárdy, M. Comparative study of direct and indirect immunofluorescence and of bullous pemphigoid 180 and 230 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid. J Am Acad Dermatol 2013; 69(5): 748–53.Google Scholar
Mintz, EM, Morel, KD. Clinical features, diagnosis, and pathogenesis of chronic bullous disease of childhood. Dermatol Clin 2011; 29(3): 459–62.Google Scholar
Chanal, J, et al. Linear IgA bullous dermatosis: comparison between the drug-induced and spontaneous forms. Br J Dermatol 2013; 169(5): 1041–8.Google Scholar
Sakaguchi, M, et al. Three cases of linear IgA/IgG bullous dermatosis showing IgA and IgG reactivity with multiple antigens, particularly laminin-332. JAMA Dermatol 2013; 149(11): 1308–13.Google Scholar
Guandalini, S, Assiri, A. Celiac disease: a review. JAMA Pediatr 2014 Mar; 168(3): 272–8.Google Scholar
Antiga, E, et al. Clinical and immunopathological features of 159 patients with dermatitis herpetiformis: an Italian experience. G Ital Dermatol Venereol 2013; 148(2): 163–9.Google Scholar
Bardella, MT. Long-term remission in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis on a normal diet. Br J Dermatol 2003; 149(5): 968–71.Google Scholar
Ermacora, E, Long-term follow-up of dermatitis herpetiformis in children. J Am Acad Dermatol 1986; 15(1): 24–30.Google Scholar
Pandhi, D, Singal, A, Bhattacharya, SN. Lichen planus in childhood: a series of 316 patients. Pediatr Dermatol 2014; 31(1): 59–67.Google Scholar
De Morase, PC, et al. Atypical case of oral lichen planus in a pediatric patient: clinical presentation and management. Pediatr Dent 2011; 33(5): 445–7.Google Scholar
Yazganoğlu, KD, Baykal, C, Küçükoğlu, R. Childhood pemphigus vulgaris: five cases in 16 years. J Dermatol 2006; 33(12): 846–9.Google Scholar
Mabrouk, D, Ahmed, AR. Analysis of current therapy and clinical outcome in childhood pemphigus vulgaris. Pediatr Dermatol 2011; 28(5): 485–93.Google Scholar
Della Torre, R, et al. Clinical presentation and diagnostic delay in bullous pemphigoid: a prospective nationwide cohort. Br J Dermatol 2012; 167(5): 1111–7.Google Scholar
Simmons, RN, Bruckner, AL, Prok, LD. Blisters in a 4-year-old: an unexpected diagnosis. Bullous pemphigoid. Pediatr Dermatol 2013; 30(1): 135–6.Google Scholar
Andrachuk, L, et al. Linear arrangement of neutrophils along the basal layer in bullous pemphigoid: a unique histological finding. Am J Dermatopathol 2012; 34(2): 192–3.Google Scholar
Sárdy, M. Comparative study of direct and indirect immunofluorescence and of bullous pemphigoid 180 and 230 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid. J Am Acad Dermatol 2013; 69(5): 748–53.Google Scholar
Mintz, EM, Morel, KD. Clinical features, diagnosis, and pathogenesis of chronic bullous disease of childhood. Dermatol Clin 2011; 29(3): 459–62.Google Scholar
Chanal, J, et al. Linear IgA bullous dermatosis: comparison between the drug-induced and spontaneous forms. Br J Dermatol 2013; 169(5): 1041–8.Google Scholar
Sakaguchi, M, et al. Three cases of linear IgA/IgG bullous dermatosis showing IgA and IgG reactivity with multiple antigens, particularly laminin-332. JAMA Dermatol 2013; 149(11): 1308–13.Google Scholar
Guandalini, S, Assiri, A. Celiac disease: a review. JAMA Pediatr 2014 Mar; 168(3): 272–8.Google Scholar
Antiga, E, et al. Clinical and immunopathological features of 159 patients with dermatitis herpetiformis: an Italian experience. G Ital Dermatol Venereol 2013; 148(2): 163–9.Google Scholar
Bardella, MT. Long-term remission in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis on a normal diet. Br J Dermatol 2003; 149(5): 968–71.Google Scholar
Ermacora, E, Long-term follow-up of dermatitis herpetiformis in children. J Am Acad Dermatol 1986; 15(1): 24–30.Google Scholar
Pandhi, D, Singal, A, Bhattacharya, SN. Lichen planus in childhood: a series of 316 patients. Pediatr Dermatol 2014; 31(1): 59–67.Google Scholar
De Morase, PC, et al. Atypical case of oral lichen planus in a pediatric patient: clinical presentation and management. Pediatr Dent 2011; 33(5): 445–7.Google Scholar
Falk, ES, Eide, TJ. Histologic and clinical findings in human scabies. Int J Dermatol 1981; 20(9): 600–5.Google Scholar
Burch, JM, Krol, A, Weston, WL. Sarcoptes scabiei infestation misdiagnosed and treated as Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Pediatr Dermatol 2004; 21(1): 58–62.Google Scholar
Bécourt, C, et al. Treatment of scabies with oral ivermectin in 15 infants: a retrospective study on tolerance and efficacy. Br J Dermatol 2013; 169(4): 931–3.Google Scholar
Mounsey, KE, McCarthy, JS. Treatment and control of scabies. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2013; 26(2): 133–9.Google Scholar
de Waard-van der Spek, FB, et al. Allergic contact dermatitis in children: which factors are relevant? (review of the literature). Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2013; 24(4): 321–9.Google Scholar
Simonsen, AB, et al. Contact allergy and allergic contact dermatitis in children - a review of current data. Contact Dermatitis 2011; 65(5): 254–65.Google Scholar
Weston, WL, Morelli, JG. Herpes simplex virus-associated erythema multiforme in prepubertal children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1997; 151(10): 1014–6.Google Scholar
Sokumbi, O, Wetter, DA. Clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of erythema multiforme: a review for the practicing dermatologist. Int J Dermatol 2012; 51(8): 889–902.Google Scholar
Ferrandiz-Pulido, C, Garcia-Patos, V. A review of causes of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis in children. Arch Dis Child 2013; 98(12): 998–1003.Google Scholar
Schwartz, RA, McDonough, PH, Lee, BW. Toxic epidermal necrolysis: Part I. Introduction, history, classification, clinical features, systemic manifestations, etiology, and immunopathogenesis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2013; 69(2): 173.Google Scholar
Schwartz, RA, McDonough, PH, Lee, BW. Toxic epidermal necrolysis: Part II. Prognosis, sequelae, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. J Am Acad Dermatol 2013; 69(2): 187.Google Scholar
Lane, JE, et al. Paraneoplastic autoimmune multiorgan syndrome (paraneoplastic pemphigus) in a child: case report and review of the literature. Pediatrics 2004; 114(4): 513–6.Google Scholar
Daneshpazhooh, M, et al. Fatal paraneoplastic pemphigus after removal of Castleman’s disease in a child. Pediatr Dermatol 2012; 29(5): 656–7.Google Scholar
Poot, AM, et al. Laboratory diagnosis of paraneoplastic pemphigus. Br J Dermatol 2013; 169(5): 1016–24.Google Scholar
Fine, JD, et al. The classification of inherited epidermolysis bullosa (EB): report of the third international consensus meeting on diagnosis and classification of EB. J Am Acad Dermatol 2008; 58(6): 931–50.Google Scholar
Falk, ES, Eide, TJ. Histologic and clinical findings in human scabies. Int J Dermatol 1981; 20(9): 600–5.Google Scholar
Burch, JM, Krol, A, Weston, WL. Sarcoptes scabiei infestation misdiagnosed and treated as Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Pediatr Dermatol 2004; 21(1): 58–62.Google Scholar
Bécourt, C, et al. Treatment of scabies with oral ivermectin in 15 infants: a retrospective study on tolerance and efficacy. Br J Dermatol 2013; 169(4): 931–3.Google Scholar
Mounsey, KE, McCarthy, JS. Treatment and control of scabies. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2013; 26(2): 133–9.Google Scholar
de Waard-van der Spek, FB, et al. Allergic contact dermatitis in children: which factors are relevant? (review of the literature). Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2013; 24(4): 321–9.Google Scholar
Simonsen, AB, et al. Contact allergy and allergic contact dermatitis in children - a review of current data. Contact Dermatitis 2011; 65(5): 254–65.Google Scholar
Weston, WL, Morelli, JG. Herpes simplex virus-associated erythema multiforme in prepubertal children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1997; 151(10): 1014–6.Google Scholar
Sokumbi, O, Wetter, DA. Clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of erythema multiforme: a review for the practicing dermatologist. Int J Dermatol 2012; 51(8): 889–902.Google Scholar
Ferrandiz-Pulido, C, Garcia-Patos, V. A review of causes of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis in children. Arch Dis Child 2013; 98(12): 998–1003.Google Scholar
Schwartz, RA, McDonough, PH, Lee, BW. Toxic epidermal necrolysis: Part I. Introduction, history, classification, clinical features, systemic manifestations, etiology, and immunopathogenesis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2013; 69(2): 173.Google Scholar
Schwartz, RA, McDonough, PH, Lee, BW. Toxic epidermal necrolysis: Part II. Prognosis, sequelae, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. J Am Acad Dermatol 2013; 69(2): 187.Google Scholar
Lane, JE, et al. Paraneoplastic autoimmune multiorgan syndrome (paraneoplastic pemphigus) in a child: case report and review of the literature. Pediatrics 2004; 114(4): 513–6.Google Scholar
Daneshpazhooh, M, et al. Fatal paraneoplastic pemphigus after removal of Castleman’s disease in a child. Pediatr Dermatol 2012; 29(5): 656–7.Google Scholar
Poot, AM, et al. Laboratory diagnosis of paraneoplastic pemphigus. Br J Dermatol 2013; 169(5): 1016–24.Google Scholar
Fine, JD, et al. The classification of inherited epidermolysis bullosa (EB): report of the third international consensus meeting on diagnosis and classification of EB. J Am Acad Dermatol 2008; 58(6): 931–50.Google Scholar
Cantey, JB, Sánchez, PJ. Neonatal herpes simplex virus infections: past progress and future challenges. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2013; 32(11): 1205–7.Google Scholar
Usatine, RP, Tinitigan, R. Nongenital herpes simplex virus. Am Fam Physician 2010; 82(9): 1075–82.Google Scholar
Eryilmaz, A, et al. Diagnostic reliability of the Tzanck smear in dermatologic diseases. Int J Dermatol 2014; 53(2): 178–86.Google Scholar
Tan, TY, et al. Development and clinical validation of a multiplex real-time PCR assay for herpes simplex and varicella zoster virus. Diagn Mol Pathol 2013; 22(4): 245–8.Google Scholar
Amagai, M, Stanley, JR. Desmoglein as a target in skin disease and beyond. J Invest Dermatol 2012; 132 (Pt 2): 776–84.Google Scholar
Shi, D, et al. Bullous impetigo in children infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus alone or in combination with methicillin-susceptible S. aureus: analysis of genetic characteristics, including assessment of exfoliative toxin gene carriage. J Clin Microbiol 2011; 49(5): 1972–4.Google Scholar
Koning, S, et al. Interventions for impetigo. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012; Jan 18; 1:CD003261.Google Scholar
Lamand, V, et al. Epidemiological data of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome in France from 1997 to 2007 and microbiological characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus associated strains. Clin Microbiol Infect 2012; 18(12): E514–21.Google Scholar
Li, MY, et al. Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome in neonates: an 8-year retrospective study in a single institution. Pediatr Dermatol 2014; 31(1): 43–7.Google Scholar
Barustein, I, et al. Antibiotic sensitivity and resistance patterns in pediatric staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome. Pediatr Dermatol 2014; 31(3): 305–8.Google Scholar
Cardoso, JC, Calonje, E. Cutaneous manifestations of human papillomaviruses: a review. Acta Dermatovenerol Alp Panonica Adriat 2011; 20(3): 145–54.Google Scholar
Ruiz, R, Silva, GR, Menchaca, HR. Focal epithelial hyperplasia. Lancet 2014; 384(9938): 173.Google Scholar
Zampetti, A, et al. Acquired epidermodysplasia verruciformis: a comprehensive review and a proposal for treatment. Dermatol Surg 2013; 39(7): 974–80.Google Scholar
Giannaki, M, et al. Human papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping of cutaneous warts in Greek children. Pediatr Dermatol 2013; 30(6): 730–5.Google Scholar
Bosch, FX, et al. Comprehensive control of human papillomavirus infections and related diseases. Vaccine 2013; 30: Suppl 7: H1–31.Google Scholar
Cantey, JB, Sánchez, PJ. Neonatal herpes simplex virus infections: past progress and future challenges. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2013; 32(11): 1205–7.Google Scholar
Usatine, RP, Tinitigan, R. Nongenital herpes simplex virus. Am Fam Physician 2010; 82(9): 1075–82.Google Scholar
Eryilmaz, A, et al. Diagnostic reliability of the Tzanck smear in dermatologic diseases. Int J Dermatol 2014; 53(2): 178–86.Google Scholar
Tan, TY, et al. Development and clinical validation of a multiplex real-time PCR assay for herpes simplex and varicella zoster virus. Diagn Mol Pathol 2013; 22(4): 245–8.Google Scholar
Amagai, M, Stanley, JR. Desmoglein as a target in skin disease and beyond. J Invest Dermatol 2012; 132 (Pt 2): 776–84.Google Scholar
Shi, D, et al. Bullous impetigo in children infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus alone or in combination with methicillin-susceptible S. aureus: analysis of genetic characteristics, including assessment of exfoliative toxin gene carriage. J Clin Microbiol 2011; 49(5): 1972–4.Google Scholar
Koning, S, et al. Interventions for impetigo. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012; Jan 18; 1:CD003261.Google Scholar
Lamand, V, et al. Epidemiological data of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome in France from 1997 to 2007 and microbiological characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus associated strains. Clin Microbiol Infect 2012; 18(12): E514–21.Google Scholar
Li, MY, et al. Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome in neonates: an 8-year retrospective study in a single institution. Pediatr Dermatol 2014; 31(1): 43–7.Google Scholar
Barustein, I, et al. Antibiotic sensitivity and resistance patterns in pediatric staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome. Pediatr Dermatol 2014; 31(3): 305–8.Google Scholar
Cardoso, JC, Calonje, E. Cutaneous manifestations of human papillomaviruses: a review. Acta Dermatovenerol Alp Panonica Adriat 2011; 20(3): 145–54.Google Scholar
Ruiz, R, Silva, GR, Menchaca, HR. Focal epithelial hyperplasia. Lancet 2014; 384(9938): 173.Google Scholar
Zampetti, A, et al. Acquired epidermodysplasia verruciformis: a comprehensive review and a proposal for treatment. Dermatol Surg 2013; 39(7): 974–80.Google Scholar
Giannaki, M, et al. Human papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping of cutaneous warts in Greek children. Pediatr Dermatol 2013; 30(6): 730–5.Google Scholar
Bosch, FX, et al. Comprehensive control of human papillomavirus infections and related diseases. Vaccine 2013; 30: Suppl 7: H1–31.Google Scholar
Yazganoğlu, KD, Baykal, C, Küçükoğlu, R. Childhood pemphigus vulgaris: five cases in 16 years. J Dermatol 2006; 33(12): 846–9.Google Scholar
Mabrouk, D, Ahmed, AR. Analysis of current therapy and clinical outcome in childhood pemphigus vulgaris. Pediatr Dermatol 2011; 28(5): 485–93.Google Scholar
Della Torre, R, et al. Clinical presentation and diagnostic delay in bullous pemphigoid: a prospective nationwide cohort. Br J Dermatol 2012; 167(5): 1111–7.Google Scholar
Simmons, RN, Bruckner, AL, Prok, LD. Blisters in a 4-year-old: an unexpected diagnosis. Bullous pemphigoid. Pediatr Dermatol 2013; 30(1): 135–6.Google Scholar
Andrachuk, L, et al. Linear arrangement of neutrophils along the basal layer in bullous pemphigoid: a unique histological finding. Am J Dermatopathol 2012; 34(2): 192–3.Google Scholar
Sárdy, M. Comparative study of direct and indirect immunofluorescence and of bullous pemphigoid 180 and 230 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid. J Am Acad Dermatol 2013; 69(5): 748–53.Google Scholar
Mintz, EM, Morel, KD. Clinical features, diagnosis, and pathogenesis of chronic bullous disease of childhood. Dermatol Clin 2011; 29(3): 459–62.Google Scholar
Chanal, J, et al. Linear IgA bullous dermatosis: comparison between the drug-induced and spontaneous forms. Br J Dermatol 2013; 169(5): 1041–8.Google Scholar
Sakaguchi, M, et al. Three cases of linear IgA/IgG bullous dermatosis showing IgA and IgG reactivity with multiple antigens, particularly laminin-332. JAMA Dermatol 2013; 149(11): 1308–13.Google Scholar
Guandalini, S, Assiri, A. Celiac disease: a review. JAMA Pediatr 2014 Mar; 168(3): 272–8.Google Scholar
Antiga, E, et al. Clinical and immunopathological features of 159 patients with dermatitis herpetiformis: an Italian experience. G Ital Dermatol Venereol 2013; 148(2): 163–9.Google Scholar
Bardella, MT. Long-term remission in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis on a normal diet. Br J Dermatol 2003; 149(5): 968–71.Google Scholar
Ermacora, E, Long-term follow-up of dermatitis herpetiformis in children. J Am Acad Dermatol 1986; 15(1): 24–30.Google Scholar
Pandhi, D, Singal, A, Bhattacharya, SN. Lichen planus in childhood: a series of 316 patients. Pediatr Dermatol 2014; 31(1): 59–67.Google Scholar
De Morase, PC, et al. Atypical case of oral lichen planus in a pediatric patient: clinical presentation and management. Pediatr Dent 2011; 33(5): 445–7.Google Scholar
Yazganoğlu, KD, Baykal, C, Küçükoğlu, R. Childhood pemphigus vulgaris: five cases in 16 years. J Dermatol 2006; 33(12): 846–9.Google Scholar
Mabrouk, D, Ahmed, AR. Analysis of current therapy and clinical outcome in childhood pemphigus vulgaris. Pediatr Dermatol 2011; 28(5): 485–93.Google Scholar
Della Torre, R, et al. Clinical presentation and diagnostic delay in bullous pemphigoid: a prospective nationwide cohort. Br J Dermatol 2012; 167(5): 1111–7.Google Scholar
Simmons, RN, Bruckner, AL, Prok, LD. Blisters in a 4-year-old: an unexpected diagnosis. Bullous pemphigoid. Pediatr Dermatol 2013; 30(1): 135–6.Google Scholar
Andrachuk, L, et al. Linear arrangement of neutrophils along the basal layer in bullous pemphigoid: a unique histological finding. Am J Dermatopathol 2012; 34(2): 192–3.Google Scholar
Sárdy, M. Comparative study of direct and indirect immunofluorescence and of bullous pemphigoid 180 and 230 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid. J Am Acad Dermatol 2013; 69(5): 748–53.Google Scholar
Mintz, EM, Morel, KD. Clinical features, diagnosis, and pathogenesis of chronic bullous disease of childhood. Dermatol Clin 2011; 29(3): 459–62.Google Scholar
Chanal, J, et al. Linear IgA bullous dermatosis: comparison between the drug-induced and spontaneous forms. Br J Dermatol 2013; 169(5): 1041–8.Google Scholar
Sakaguchi, M, et al. Three cases of linear IgA/IgG bullous dermatosis showing IgA and IgG reactivity with multiple antigens, particularly laminin-332. JAMA Dermatol 2013; 149(11): 1308–13.Google Scholar
Guandalini, S, Assiri, A. Celiac disease: a review. JAMA Pediatr 2014 Mar; 168(3): 272–8.Google Scholar
Antiga, E, et al. Clinical and immunopathological features of 159 patients with dermatitis herpetiformis: an Italian experience. G Ital Dermatol Venereol 2013; 148(2): 163–9.Google Scholar
Bardella, MT. Long-term remission in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis on a normal diet. Br J Dermatol 2003; 149(5): 968–71.Google Scholar
Ermacora, E, Long-term follow-up of dermatitis herpetiformis in children. J Am Acad Dermatol 1986; 15(1): 24–30.Google Scholar
Pandhi, D, Singal, A, Bhattacharya, SN. Lichen planus in childhood: a series of 316 patients. Pediatr Dermatol 2014; 31(1): 59–67.Google Scholar
De Morase, PC, et al. Atypical case of oral lichen planus in a pediatric patient: clinical presentation and management. Pediatr Dent 2011; 33(5): 445–7.Google Scholar
Falk, ES, Eide, TJ. Histologic and clinical findings in human scabies. Int J Dermatol 1981; 20(9): 600–5.Google Scholar
Burch, JM, Krol, A, Weston, WL. Sarcoptes scabiei infestation misdiagnosed and treated as Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Pediatr Dermatol 2004; 21(1): 58–62.Google Scholar
Bécourt, C, et al. Treatment of scabies with oral ivermectin in 15 infants: a retrospective study on tolerance and efficacy. Br J Dermatol 2013; 169(4): 931–3.Google Scholar
Mounsey, KE, McCarthy, JS. Treatment and control of scabies. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2013; 26(2): 133–9.Google Scholar
de Waard-van der Spek, FB, et al. Allergic contact dermatitis in children: which factors are relevant? (review of the literature). Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2013; 24(4): 321–9.Google Scholar
Simonsen, AB, et al. Contact allergy and allergic contact dermatitis in children - a review of current data. Contact Dermatitis 2011; 65(5): 254–65.Google Scholar
Weston, WL, Morelli, JG. Herpes simplex virus-associated erythema multiforme in prepubertal children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1997; 151(10): 1014–6.Google Scholar
Sokumbi, O, Wetter, DA. Clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of erythema multiforme: a review for the practicing dermatologist. Int J Dermatol 2012; 51(8): 889–902.Google Scholar
Ferrandiz-Pulido, C, Garcia-Patos, V. A review of causes of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis in children. Arch Dis Child 2013; 98(12): 998–1003.Google Scholar
Schwartz, RA, McDonough, PH, Lee, BW. Toxic epidermal necrolysis: Part I. Introduction, history, classification, clinical features, systemic manifestations, etiology, and immunopathogenesis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2013; 69(2): 173.Google Scholar
Schwartz, RA, McDonough, PH, Lee, BW. Toxic epidermal necrolysis: Part II. Prognosis, sequelae, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. J Am Acad Dermatol 2013; 69(2): 187.Google Scholar
Lane, JE, et al. Paraneoplastic autoimmune multiorgan syndrome (paraneoplastic pemphigus) in a child: case report and review of the literature. Pediatrics 2004; 114(4): 513–6.Google Scholar
Daneshpazhooh, M, et al. Fatal paraneoplastic pemphigus after removal of Castleman’s disease in a child. Pediatr Dermatol 2012; 29(5): 656–7.Google Scholar
Poot, AM, et al. Laboratory diagnosis of paraneoplastic pemphigus. Br J Dermatol 2013; 169(5): 1016–24.Google Scholar
Fine, JD, et al. The classification of inherited epidermolysis bullosa (EB): report of the third international consensus meeting on diagnosis and classification of EB. J Am Acad Dermatol 2008; 58(6): 931–50.Google Scholar
Falk, ES, Eide, TJ. Histologic and clinical findings in human scabies. Int J Dermatol 1981; 20(9): 600–5.Google Scholar
Burch, JM, Krol, A, Weston, WL. Sarcoptes scabiei infestation misdiagnosed and treated as Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Pediatr Dermatol 2004; 21(1): 58–62.Google Scholar
Bécourt, C, et al. Treatment of scabies with oral ivermectin in 15 infants: a retrospective study on tolerance and efficacy. Br J Dermatol 2013; 169(4): 931–3.Google Scholar
Mounsey, KE, McCarthy, JS. Treatment and control of scabies. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2013; 26(2): 133–9.Google Scholar
de Waard-van der Spek, FB, et al. Allergic contact dermatitis in children: which factors are relevant? (review of the literature). Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2013; 24(4): 321–9.Google Scholar
Simonsen, AB, et al. Contact allergy and allergic contact dermatitis in children - a review of current data. Contact Dermatitis 2011; 65(5): 254–65.Google Scholar
Weston, WL, Morelli, JG. Herpes simplex virus-associated erythema multiforme in prepubertal children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1997; 151(10): 1014–6.Google Scholar
Sokumbi, O, Wetter, DA. Clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of erythema multiforme: a review for the practicing dermatologist. Int J Dermatol 2012; 51(8): 889–902.Google Scholar
Ferrandiz-Pulido, C, Garcia-Patos, V. A review of causes of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis in children. Arch Dis Child 2013; 98(12): 998–1003.Google Scholar
Schwartz, RA, McDonough, PH, Lee, BW. Toxic epidermal necrolysis: Part I. Introduction, history, classification, clinical features, systemic manifestations, etiology, and immunopathogenesis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2013; 69(2): 173.Google Scholar
Schwartz, RA, McDonough, PH, Lee, BW. Toxic epidermal necrolysis: Part II. Prognosis, sequelae, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. J Am Acad Dermatol 2013; 69(2): 187.Google Scholar
Lane, JE, et al. Paraneoplastic autoimmune multiorgan syndrome (paraneoplastic pemphigus) in a child: case report and review of the literature. Pediatrics 2004; 114(4): 513–6.Google Scholar
Daneshpazhooh, M, et al. Fatal paraneoplastic pemphigus after removal of Castleman’s disease in a child. Pediatr Dermatol 2012; 29(5): 656–7.Google Scholar
Poot, AM, et al. Laboratory diagnosis of paraneoplastic pemphigus. Br J Dermatol 2013; 169(5): 1016–24.Google Scholar
Fine, JD, et al. The classification of inherited epidermolysis bullosa (EB): report of the third international consensus meeting on diagnosis and classification of EB. J Am Acad Dermatol 2008; 58(6): 931–50.Google Scholar
Cantey, JB, Sánchez, PJ. Neonatal herpes simplex virus infections: past progress and future challenges. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2013; 32(11): 1205–7.Google Scholar
Usatine, RP, Tinitigan, R. Nongenital herpes simplex virus. Am Fam Physician 2010; 82(9): 1075–82.Google Scholar
Eryilmaz, A, et al. Diagnostic reliability of the Tzanck smear in dermatologic diseases. Int J Dermatol 2014; 53(2): 178–86.Google Scholar
Tan, TY, et al. Development and clinical validation of a multiplex real-time PCR assay for herpes simplex and varicella zoster virus. Diagn Mol Pathol 2013; 22(4): 245–8.Google Scholar
Amagai, M, Stanley, JR. Desmoglein as a target in skin disease and beyond. J Invest Dermatol 2012; 132 (Pt 2): 776–84.Google Scholar
Shi, D, et al. Bullous impetigo in children infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus alone or in combination with methicillin-susceptible S. aureus: analysis of genetic characteristics, including assessment of exfoliative toxin gene carriage. J Clin Microbiol 2011; 49(5): 1972–4.Google Scholar
Koning, S, et al. Interventions for impetigo. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012; Jan 18; 1:CD003261.Google Scholar
Lamand, V, et al. Epidemiological data of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome in France from 1997 to 2007 and microbiological characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus associated strains. Clin Microbiol Infect 2012; 18(12): E514–21.Google Scholar
Li, MY, et al. Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome in neonates: an 8-year retrospective study in a single institution. Pediatr Dermatol 2014; 31(1): 43–7.Google Scholar
Barustein, I, et al. Antibiotic sensitivity and resistance patterns in pediatric staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome. Pediatr Dermatol 2014; 31(3): 305–8.Google Scholar
Cardoso, JC, Calonje, E. Cutaneous manifestations of human papillomaviruses: a review. Acta Dermatovenerol Alp Panonica Adriat 2011; 20(3): 145–54.Google Scholar
Ruiz, R, Silva, GR, Menchaca, HR. Focal epithelial hyperplasia. Lancet 2014; 384(9938): 173.Google Scholar
Zampetti, A, et al. Acquired epidermodysplasia verruciformis: a comprehensive review and a proposal for treatment. Dermatol Surg 2013; 39(7): 974–80.Google Scholar
Giannaki, M, et al. Human papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping of cutaneous warts in Greek children. Pediatr Dermatol 2013; 30(6): 730–5.Google Scholar
Bosch, FX, et al. Comprehensive control of human papillomavirus infections and related diseases. Vaccine 2013; 30: Suppl 7: H1–31.Google Scholar
Yazganoğlu, KD, Baykal, C, Küçükoğlu, R. Childhood pemphigus vulgaris: five cases in 16 years. J Dermatol 2006; 33(12): 846–9.Google Scholar
Mabrouk, D, Ahmed, AR. Analysis of current therapy and clinical outcome in childhood pemphigus vulgaris. Pediatr Dermatol 2011; 28(5): 485–93.Google Scholar
Della Torre, R, et al. Clinical presentation and diagnostic delay in bullous pemphigoid: a prospective nationwide cohort. Br J Dermatol 2012; 167(5): 1111–7.Google Scholar
Simmons, RN, Bruckner, AL, Prok, LD. Blisters in a 4-year-old: an unexpected diagnosis. Bullous pemphigoid. Pediatr Dermatol 2013; 30(1): 135–6.Google Scholar
Andrachuk, L, et al. Linear arrangement of neutrophils along the basal layer in bullous pemphigoid: a unique histological finding. Am J Dermatopathol 2012; 34(2): 192–3.Google Scholar
Sárdy, M. Comparative study of direct and indirect immunofluorescence and of bullous pemphigoid 180 and 230 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid. J Am Acad Dermatol 2013; 69(5): 748–53.Google Scholar
Mintz, EM, Morel, KD. Clinical features, diagnosis, and pathogenesis of chronic bullous disease of childhood. Dermatol Clin 2011; 29(3): 459–62.Google Scholar
Chanal, J, et al. Linear IgA bullous dermatosis: comparison between the drug-induced and spontaneous forms. Br J Dermatol 2013; 169(5): 1041–8.Google Scholar
Sakaguchi, M, et al. Three cases of linear IgA/IgG bullous dermatosis showing IgA and IgG reactivity with multiple antigens, particularly laminin-332. JAMA Dermatol 2013; 149(11): 1308–13.Google Scholar
Guandalini, S, Assiri, A. Celiac disease: a review. JAMA Pediatr 2014 Mar; 168(3): 272–8.Google Scholar
Antiga, E, et al. Clinical and immunopathological features of 159 patients with dermatitis herpetiformis: an Italian experience. G Ital Dermatol Venereol 2013; 148(2): 163–9.Google Scholar
Bardella, MT. Long-term remission in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis on a normal diet. Br J Dermatol 2003; 149(5): 968–71.Google Scholar
Ermacora, E, Long-term follow-up of dermatitis herpetiformis in children. J Am Acad Dermatol 1986; 15(1): 24–30.Google Scholar
Pandhi, D, Singal, A, Bhattacharya, SN. Lichen planus in childhood: a series of 316 patients. Pediatr Dermatol 2014; 31(1): 59–67.Google Scholar
De Morase, PC, et al. Atypical case of oral lichen planus in a pediatric patient: clinical presentation and management. Pediatr Dent 2011; 33(5): 445–7.Google Scholar
Falk, ES, Eide, TJ. Histologic and clinical findings in human scabies. Int J Dermatol 1981; 20(9): 600–5.Google Scholar
Burch, JM, Krol, A, Weston, WL. Sarcoptes scabiei infestation misdiagnosed and treated as Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Pediatr Dermatol 2004; 21(1): 58–62.Google Scholar
Bécourt, C, et al. Treatment of scabies with oral ivermectin in 15 infants: a retrospective study on tolerance and efficacy. Br J Dermatol 2013; 169(4): 931–3.Google Scholar
Mounsey, KE, McCarthy, JS. Treatment and control of scabies. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2013; 26(2): 133–9.Google Scholar
de Waard-van der Spek, FB, et al. Allergic contact dermatitis in children: which factors are relevant? (review of the literature). Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2013; 24(4): 321–9.Google Scholar
Simonsen, AB, et al. Contact allergy and allergic contact dermatitis in children - a review of current data. Contact Dermatitis 2011; 65(5): 254–65.Google Scholar
Weston, WL, Morelli, JG. Herpes simplex virus-associated erythema multiforme in prepubertal children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1997; 151(10): 1014–6.Google Scholar
Sokumbi, O, Wetter, DA. Clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of erythema multiforme: a review for the practicing dermatologist. Int J Dermatol 2012; 51(8): 889–902.Google Scholar
Ferrandiz-Pulido, C, Garcia-Patos, V. A review of causes of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis in children. Arch Dis Child 2013; 98(12): 998–1003.Google Scholar
Schwartz, RA, McDonough, PH, Lee, BW. Toxic epidermal necrolysis: Part I. Introduction, history, classification, clinical features, systemic manifestations, etiology, and immunopathogenesis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2013; 69(2): 173.Google Scholar
Schwartz, RA, McDonough, PH, Lee, BW. Toxic epidermal necrolysis: Part II. Prognosis, sequelae, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. J Am Acad Dermatol 2013; 69(2): 187.Google Scholar
Lane, JE, et al. Paraneoplastic autoimmune multiorgan syndrome (paraneoplastic pemphigus) in a child: case report and review of the literature. Pediatrics 2004; 114(4): 513–6.Google Scholar
Daneshpazhooh, M, et al. Fatal paraneoplastic pemphigus after removal of Castleman’s disease in a child. Pediatr Dermatol 2012; 29(5): 656–7.Google Scholar
Poot, AM, et al. Laboratory diagnosis of paraneoplastic pemphigus. Br J Dermatol 2013; 169(5): 1016–24.Google Scholar
Fine, JD, et al. The classification of inherited epidermolysis bullosa (EB): report of the third international consensus meeting on diagnosis and classification of EB. J Am Acad Dermatol 2008; 58(6): 931–50.Google Scholar

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