Larsson, LO, Bentzon, MW, Berg, K, Mellander, L, Skoogh, BE, Stranegård, IL. Palpable lymph nodes of the neck in Swedish schoolchildren. Acta Paediatrica. 1994;83:1092–1094.Google Scholar

Park, YW. Evaluation of neck masses in children. Am Family Physician. 1995;51(8):1904–1912.Google Scholar

Yaris, N, Cakir, M, Sözen, E, Cobanoglu, U. Analysis of children with peripheral lymphadenopathy. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2006 Jul;45(6):544–549.Google Scholar

Twist, CJ, Link, MP. Assessment of lymphadenopathy in children. Pediatric Clinics of North America. 2000;49:1009–1025.Google Scholar

Chau, I, Kelleher, MT, Cunningham, D, Norman, AR, Wotherspoon, A, Trott, P, Rhys-Evans, P, Querci Della Rovere, G, Brown, G, Allen, M, Waters, JS, Haque, S, Murray, T, Bishop, L. Rapid access multidisciplinary lymph node diagnostic clinic: analysis of 550 patients. Br J Cancer. 2003 Feb 10;88(3):354–361.Google Scholar

Montgomery, ND, Mathews, SP, Coward, WB, Rao, KW, Fedoriw, Y. Clonal karyotypic abnormalities associated with reactive lymphoid hyperplasia. Cancer Cytogenetics. 2013;206(4):135–139.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Leung, AK and Robson, WL. Childhood cervical lymphadenopathy. J Pediatr Health Care. 2004;18:3–7.Google Scholar

Oguz, A, Karadeniz, C, Temel, EA, Citak, EC, Okur, FV. Evaluation of peripheral lymphadenopathy in children. Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2006;23:549–561.Google Scholar

Moore, SW, Schneider, JW, Schaaf, HS. Diagnostic aspects of cervical lymphadenopathy in children in the developing world: a study of 1,877 surgical specimens. Pediatr Surg Int. 2003;19:240–244.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Papadopouli, E, Michailidi, E, Papadopoulou, E, Paspalaki, P, Vlahakis, I, Kalmanti, M. Cervical lymphadenopathy in childhood epidemiology and management. Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2009;26:454–460.Google Scholar

Ramsay, AD. Reactive lymph nodes in pediatric practice. Am J Clin Pathol. 2004;122 (Suppl):S87–97.Google Scholar

Shaikh, F, Ngan, BY, Alexander, S, Grant, R. Progressive transformation of germinal centers in children and adolescents: an intriguing cause of lymphadenopathy. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2013;60:26–30.Google Scholar

Sato, Y, Inoue, D, Asano, N, et al. Association between IgG4-related disease and progressively transformed germinal centers of lymph nodes. Mod Pathol. 2012;25:956–967.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Kutok, JL, Wang, F. Spectrum of Epstein-Barr virus-associated diseases. Annu Rev Pathol. 2006;1:375–404.Google Scholar

Hurt, C, Tammaro, D. Diagnostic evaluation of mononucleosis-like illnesses. Am J Med. 2007;120:911.e1–911.e8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Ventura, KC, Hudnall, SD. Hematologic differences in heterophile-positive and heterophile-negative infectious mononucleosis. Am J Hematol. 2004;76:315–318.Google Scholar

Rushin, JM, Riordan, GP, Heaton, RB, Sharpe, RW, Cotelingam, JD, Jaffe, ES. Cytomegalovirus-infected cells express Leu-M1 antigen. A potential source of diagnostic error. Am J Pathol. 1990;136:989–995.Google Scholar

Miller-Catchpole, R, Variakojis, D, Vardiman, JW, Loew, JM, Carter, J. Cat scratch disease. Identification of bacteria in seven cases of lymphadenitis. Am J Surg Pathol. 1986;10:276–281.Google Scholar

Ridder, GJ, Boedeker, CC, Technau-Ihling, K, Sander, A. Cat-scratch disease: otolaryngologic manifestations and management. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2005;132:353–358.Google Scholar

Rolain, JM, Gouriet, F, Enea, M, Aboud, M, Raoult, D. Detection by immunofluorescence assay of Bartonella henselae in lymph nodes from patients with cat scratch disease. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2003;10:686–691.Google Scholar

Mouritsen, CL, Litwin, CM, Maiese, RL, Segal, SM, Segal, GH. Rapid polymerase chain reaction-based detection of the causative agent of cat scratch disease (Bartonella henselae) in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples. Hum Pathol. 1997;28:820–826.Google Scholar

Hansmann, Y, DeMartino, S, Piemont, Y, et al. Diagnosis of cat scratch disease with detection of Bartonella henselae by PCR: a study of patients with lymph node enlargement. J Clin Microbiol. 2005;43:3800–3806.Google Scholar

Eapen, M, Mathew, CF, Aravindan, KP. Evidence based criteria for the histopathological diagnosis of toxoplasmic lymphadenopathy. J Clin Pathol. 2005;58:1143–1146.Google Scholar

Lin, MH and Kuo, TT. Specificity of the histopathological triad for the diagnosis of toxoplasmic lymphadenitis: polymerase chain reaction study. Pathol Int. 2001;51:619–623.Google Scholar

Montoya, JG, Huffman, HB, Remington, JS. Evaluation of the immunoglobulin G avidity test for diagnosis of toxoplasmic lymphadenopathy. J Clin Microbiol. 2004;42:4627–4631.Google Scholar

Paul, M. Immunoglobulin G avidity in diagnosis of toxoplasmic lymphadenopathy and ocular toxoplasmosis. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 1999;6:514–518.Google Scholar

Rivano, MT, Falini, B, Stein, H, et al. Histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis without granulocytic infiltration (Kikuchi’s lymphadenitis). Morphological and immunohistochemical study of eight cases. Histopathology. 1987;11:1013–1027.Google Scholar

Tsang, WY, Chan, JK, Ng, CS. Kikuchi’s lymphadenitis. A morphologic analysis of 75 cases with special reference to unusual features. Am J Surg Pathol. 1994;18:219–231.Google Scholar

Eisner, MD, Amory, J, Mullaney, B, Tierney, L Jr, Browner, WS. Necrotizing lymphadenitis associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 1996;26:477–482.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Biasi, D, Caramaschi, P, Carletto, A, et al. Three clinical reports of Kikuchi’s lymphadenitis combined with systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Rheumatol. 1996;15:81–83.Google Scholar

el-Ramahi, KM, Karrar, A, Ali, MA. Kikuchi disease and its association with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus. 1994;3:409–411.Google Scholar

Abuel-Haija, M, Hurford, MT. Kimura disease. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2007;131:650–651.Google Scholar

Chen, H, Thompson, LD, Aguilera, NS, Abbondanzo, SL. Kimura disease: a clinicopathologic study of 21 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 2004;28:505–513.Google Scholar

Kapoor, NS, O’Neill, JP, Katabi, N, Wong, RJ, Shah, JP. Kimura disease: diagnostic challenges and clinical management. Am J Otolaryngol. 2012;33:259–262.Google Scholar

Schirren, CG, Eckert, F. Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophils. Case report and differentiation from Kimura disease. Hautarzt. 1991;42:107–111.Google ScholarPubMed

Carbone, A, Passannante, A, Gloghini, A, Devaney, KO, Rinaldo, A, Ferlito, A. Review of sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (Rosai-Dorfman disease) of head and neck. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1999;108:1095–1104.Google Scholar

Foucar, E, Rosai, J, Dorfman, R. Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (Rosai-Dorfman disease): review of the entity. Semin Diagn Pathol. 1990;7:19–73.Google Scholar

Swerdlow, SH, Campo, E, Harris, NL, Jaffe, ES, Pileri, SA, Stein, H, Thiele, J, Varidman, JW (Eds.), WHO Classification of Tumours of Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues, 4th ed. Lyon: IARC, 2008.Google Scholar

Asselin, BA (2011). Epidemiology of childhood and adolescent cancer In Kliegman, RM (Ed.), Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics, 19th ed. (pp. 1725–1727). Philadelphia: Elsevier.Google Scholar

Howlader, N, Noone, AM, Krapcho, M, Garshell, J, Miller, D, Altekruse, SF, Kosary, CL, Yu, M, Ruhl, J, Tatalovich, Z,Mariotto, A, Lewis, DR, Chen, HS, Feuer, EJ, Cronin, KA (Eds.), SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975–2011, Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute. http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2011/, based on November 2013 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, April 2014.Google Scholar

Tubergen, DG, Bleyer, A, Ritchey, AK (2011). The leukemias In Kliegman, RM (Ed.), Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics, 19th ed. (pp. 1732–1739). Philadelphia: Elsevier.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ohgami, RS, Arber, DA, Zehnder, JL, Natkunam, Y, and Warnke, RA (2013), Indolent T-lymphoblastic proliferation (iT-LBP): a review of the clinical and pathologic features and distinction from malignant T-lymphoblastic lymphoma, Advances in Anatomic Pathology; 20(3):137–140CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Waxman, IM, Hochberg, J, Cairo, MS (2011). Lymphoma In Kliegman, RM (Ed.), Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics, 19th ed. (pp. 1739–1746). Philadelphia: Elsevier.Google Scholar

Perkins, SL (2007). Hematopoietic system, part 1: bone marrow, peripheral blood and lymphomas In Gilbert-Barnes, E (Ed.), Potter’s Pathology of the Fetus, Infant and Child, 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Mosby Elsevier.Google Scholar

Molyneux, EM, Rochford, R, Griffin, B, Newton, R, Jackson, G, Menon, G, Harrsion, CJ, Israels, T, Bailey, S. Burkitt’s lymphoma. Lancet. 2012;379:1234–1244.Google Scholar

Reiter, A, Klapper, W. Recent advances in the understanding and management of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in children. British Journal of Haematology. 2008;142:329–347.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Swerdlow, SH. Pediatric follicular lymphomas, marginal zone lymphomas, and marginal zone hyperplasia. American Journal of Clinical Pathology. 2004;122(S1):S89–S109.Google Scholar

Gitelson, E, Al-Saleem, T, Robu, V, Millenson, MM, Smith, MR. Pediatric nodal marginal zone lymphoma may develop in the adult population. Leukemia and Lymphoma. 2010;51(1):89–94.Google Scholar

Claviez, A, Meyer, U, Dominick, C, Beck, JF, Rister, M, Tiemann, M. MALT lymphoma in children: a report from the NHL-BFM Study Group. Pediatric Blood and Cancer. 2006;47:210–214.Google Scholar

Bhuvana, AS, Termuhlen, AM. Rare pediatric non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Current Hematologic Malignancy Reports. 2010 5:163–168.Google Scholar

Daw, S, Wynn, R, Wallace, H. Management of relapsed and refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma in children and adolescents. British Journal of Haematology. 2010;152:249–260.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Shankar, A, Daw, S. Nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma in children and adolescents - a comprehensive review of biology, clinical course and treatment options. British Journal of Haematology. 2012;159:288–298.Google Scholar

Onciu, M. Histiocytic proliferations in childhood. Am J Clin Pathol. 2004;122(S1):S128–S136.Google ScholarPubMed

Badalian-Very, G, Vergilio, JA, Degar, BA, MacConaill, LE, Brandner, B, Calicchio, ML, Kuo, FC, Ligon, AH, Stevenson, KE, Kehoe, SM, Garraway, LA, Hahn, WC, Meyerson, M, Fleming, MD, Rollins, BJ. Recurrent BRAF mutations in Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Blood. 2010 Sep;116(11):1919–1923.Google Scholar

Swerdlow, SH. Pediatric follicular lymphomas, marginal zone lymphomas, and marginal zone hyperplasia. American Journal of Clinical Pathology. 2004;122(S1):S89–S109.Google Scholar

Gitelson, E, Al-Saleem, T, Robu, V, Millenson, MM, Smith, MR. Pediatric nodal marginal zone lymphoma may develop in the adult population. Leukemia and Lymphoma. 2010;51(1):89–94.Google Scholar

Claviez, A, Meyer, U, Dominick, C, Beck, JF, Rister, M, Tiemann, M. MALT lymphoma in children: a report from the NHL-BFM Study Group. Pediatric Blood and Cancer. 2006;47:210–214.Google Scholar

Bhuvana, AS, Termuhlen, AM. Rare pediatric non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Current Hematologic Malignancy Reports. 2010 5:163–168.Google Scholar

Daw, S, Wynn, R, Wallace, H. Management of relapsed and refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma in children and adolescents. British Journal of Haematology. 2010;152:249–260.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Shankar, A, Daw, S. Nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma in children and adolescents - a comprehensive review of biology, clinical course and treatment options. British Journal of Haematology. 2012;159:288–298.Google Scholar

Onciu, M. Histiocytic proliferations in childhood. Am J Clin Pathol. 2004;122(S1):S128–S136.Google ScholarPubMed

Badalian-Very, G, Vergilio, JA, Degar, BA, MacConaill, LE, Brandner, B, Calicchio, ML, Kuo, FC, Ligon, AH, Stevenson, KE, Kehoe, SM, Garraway, LA, Hahn, WC, Meyerson, M, Fleming, MD, Rollins, BJ. Recurrent BRAF mutations in Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Blood. 2010 Sep;116(11):1919–1923.Google Scholar

Larsson, LO, Bentzon, MW, Berg, K, Mellander, L, Skoogh, BE, Stranegård, IL. Palpable lymph nodes of the neck in Swedish schoolchildren. Acta Paediatrica. 1994;83:1092–1094.Google Scholar

Park, YW. Evaluation of neck masses in children. Am Family Physician. 1995;51(8):1904–1912.Google Scholar

Yaris, N, Cakir, M, Sözen, E, Cobanoglu, U. Analysis of children with peripheral lymphadenopathy. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2006 Jul;45(6):544–549.Google Scholar

Twist, CJ, Link, MP. Assessment of lymphadenopathy in children. Pediatric Clinics of North America. 2000;49:1009–1025.Google Scholar

Chau, I, Kelleher, MT, Cunningham, D, Norman, AR, Wotherspoon, A, Trott, P, Rhys-Evans, P, Querci Della Rovere, G, Brown, G, Allen, M, Waters, JS, Haque, S, Murray, T, Bishop, L. Rapid access multidisciplinary lymph node diagnostic clinic: analysis of 550 patients. Br J Cancer. 2003 Feb 10;88(3):354–361.Google Scholar

Montgomery, ND, Mathews, SP, Coward, WB, Rao, KW, Fedoriw, Y. Clonal karyotypic abnormalities associated with reactive lymphoid hyperplasia. Cancer Cytogenetics. 2013;206(4):135–139.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Leung, AK and Robson, WL. Childhood cervical lymphadenopathy. J Pediatr Health Care. 2004;18:3–7.Google Scholar

Oguz, A, Karadeniz, C, Temel, EA, Citak, EC, Okur, FV. Evaluation of peripheral lymphadenopathy in children. Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2006;23:549–561.Google Scholar

Moore, SW, Schneider, JW, Schaaf, HS. Diagnostic aspects of cervical lymphadenopathy in children in the developing world: a study of 1,877 surgical specimens. Pediatr Surg Int. 2003;19:240–244.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Papadopouli, E, Michailidi, E, Papadopoulou, E, Paspalaki, P, Vlahakis, I, Kalmanti, M. Cervical lymphadenopathy in childhood epidemiology and management. Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2009;26:454–460.Google Scholar

Ramsay, AD. Reactive lymph nodes in pediatric practice. Am J Clin Pathol. 2004;122 (Suppl):S87–97.Google Scholar

Shaikh, F, Ngan, BY, Alexander, S, Grant, R. Progressive transformation of germinal centers in children and adolescents: an intriguing cause of lymphadenopathy. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2013;60:26–30.Google Scholar

Sato, Y, Inoue, D, Asano, N, et al. Association between IgG4-related disease and progressively transformed germinal centers of lymph nodes. Mod Pathol. 2012;25:956–967.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Kutok, JL, Wang, F. Spectrum of Epstein-Barr virus-associated diseases. Annu Rev Pathol. 2006;1:375–404.Google Scholar

Hurt, C, Tammaro, D. Diagnostic evaluation of mononucleosis-like illnesses. Am J Med. 2007;120:911.e1–911.e8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Ventura, KC, Hudnall, SD. Hematologic differences in heterophile-positive and heterophile-negative infectious mononucleosis. Am J Hematol. 2004;76:315–318.Google Scholar

Rushin, JM, Riordan, GP, Heaton, RB, Sharpe, RW, Cotelingam, JD, Jaffe, ES. Cytomegalovirus-infected cells express Leu-M1 antigen. A potential source of diagnostic error. Am J Pathol. 1990;136:989–995.Google Scholar

Miller-Catchpole, R, Variakojis, D, Vardiman, JW, Loew, JM, Carter, J. Cat scratch disease. Identification of bacteria in seven cases of lymphadenitis. Am J Surg Pathol. 1986;10:276–281.Google Scholar

Ridder, GJ, Boedeker, CC, Technau-Ihling, K, Sander, A. Cat-scratch disease: otolaryngologic manifestations and management. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2005;132:353–358.Google Scholar

Rolain, JM, Gouriet, F, Enea, M, Aboud, M, Raoult, D. Detection by immunofluorescence assay of Bartonella henselae in lymph nodes from patients with cat scratch disease. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2003;10:686–691.Google Scholar

Mouritsen, CL, Litwin, CM, Maiese, RL, Segal, SM, Segal, GH. Rapid polymerase chain reaction-based detection of the causative agent of cat scratch disease (Bartonella henselae) in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples. Hum Pathol. 1997;28:820–826.Google Scholar

Hansmann, Y, DeMartino, S, Piemont, Y, et al. Diagnosis of cat scratch disease with detection of Bartonella henselae by PCR: a study of patients with lymph node enlargement. J Clin Microbiol. 2005;43:3800–3806.Google Scholar

Eapen, M, Mathew, CF, Aravindan, KP. Evidence based criteria for the histopathological diagnosis of toxoplasmic lymphadenopathy. J Clin Pathol. 2005;58:1143–1146.Google Scholar

Lin, MH and Kuo, TT. Specificity of the histopathological triad for the diagnosis of toxoplasmic lymphadenitis: polymerase chain reaction study. Pathol Int. 2001;51:619–623.Google Scholar

Montoya, JG, Huffman, HB, Remington, JS. Evaluation of the immunoglobulin G avidity test for diagnosis of toxoplasmic lymphadenopathy. J Clin Microbiol. 2004;42:4627–4631.Google Scholar

Paul, M. Immunoglobulin G avidity in diagnosis of toxoplasmic lymphadenopathy and ocular toxoplasmosis. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 1999;6:514–518.Google Scholar

Rivano, MT, Falini, B, Stein, H, et al. Histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis without granulocytic infiltration (Kikuchi’s lymphadenitis). Morphological and immunohistochemical study of eight cases. Histopathology. 1987;11:1013–1027.Google Scholar

Tsang, WY, Chan, JK, Ng, CS. Kikuchi’s lymphadenitis. A morphologic analysis of 75 cases with special reference to unusual features. Am J Surg Pathol. 1994;18:219–231.Google Scholar

Eisner, MD, Amory, J, Mullaney, B, Tierney, L Jr, Browner, WS. Necrotizing lymphadenitis associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 1996;26:477–482.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Biasi, D, Caramaschi, P, Carletto, A, et al. Three clinical reports of Kikuchi’s lymphadenitis combined with systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Rheumatol. 1996;15:81–83.Google Scholar

el-Ramahi, KM, Karrar, A, Ali, MA. Kikuchi disease and its association with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus. 1994;3:409–411.Google Scholar

Abuel-Haija, M, Hurford, MT. Kimura disease. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2007;131:650–651.Google Scholar

Chen, H, Thompson, LD, Aguilera, NS, Abbondanzo, SL. Kimura disease: a clinicopathologic study of 21 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 2004;28:505–513.Google Scholar

Kapoor, NS, O’Neill, JP, Katabi, N, Wong, RJ, Shah, JP. Kimura disease: diagnostic challenges and clinical management. Am J Otolaryngol. 2012;33:259–262.Google Scholar

Schirren, CG, Eckert, F. Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophils. Case report and differentiation from Kimura disease. Hautarzt. 1991;42:107–111.Google ScholarPubMed

Carbone, A, Passannante, A, Gloghini, A, Devaney, KO, Rinaldo, A, Ferlito, A. Review of sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (Rosai-Dorfman disease) of head and neck. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1999;108:1095–1104.Google Scholar

Foucar, E, Rosai, J, Dorfman, R. Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (Rosai-Dorfman disease): review of the entity. Semin Diagn Pathol. 1990;7:19–73.Google Scholar

Swerdlow, SH, Campo, E, Harris, NL, Jaffe, ES, Pileri, SA, Stein, H, Thiele, J, Varidman, JW (Eds.), WHO Classification of Tumours of Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues, 4th ed. Lyon: IARC, 2008.Google Scholar

Asselin, BA (2011). Epidemiology of childhood and adolescent cancer In Kliegman, RM (Ed.), Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics, 19th ed. (pp. 1725–1727). Philadelphia: Elsevier.Google Scholar

Howlader, N, Noone, AM, Krapcho, M, Garshell, J, Miller, D, Altekruse, SF, Kosary, CL, Yu, M, Ruhl, J, Tatalovich, Z,Mariotto, A, Lewis, DR, Chen, HS, Feuer, EJ, Cronin, KA (Eds.), SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975–2011, Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute. http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2011/, based on November 2013 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, April 2014.Google Scholar

Tubergen, DG, Bleyer, A, Ritchey, AK (2011). The leukemias In Kliegman, RM (Ed.), Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics, 19th ed. (pp. 1732–1739). Philadelphia: Elsevier.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ohgami, RS, Arber, DA, Zehnder, JL, Natkunam, Y, and Warnke, RA (2013), Indolent T-lymphoblastic proliferation (iT-LBP): a review of the clinical and pathologic features and distinction from malignant T-lymphoblastic lymphoma, Advances in Anatomic Pathology; 20(3):137–140CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Waxman, IM, Hochberg, J, Cairo, MS (2011). Lymphoma In Kliegman, RM (Ed.), Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics, 19th ed. (pp. 1739–1746). Philadelphia: Elsevier.Google Scholar

Perkins, SL (2007). Hematopoietic system, part 1: bone marrow, peripheral blood and lymphomas In Gilbert-Barnes, E (Ed.), Potter’s Pathology of the Fetus, Infant and Child, 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Mosby Elsevier.Google Scholar

Molyneux, EM, Rochford, R, Griffin, B, Newton, R, Jackson, G, Menon, G, Harrsion, CJ, Israels, T, Bailey, S. Burkitt’s lymphoma. Lancet. 2012;379:1234–1244.Google Scholar

Reiter, A, Klapper, W. Recent advances in the understanding and management of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in children. British Journal of Haematology. 2008;142:329–347.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Swerdlow, SH. Pediatric follicular lymphomas, marginal zone lymphomas, and marginal zone hyperplasia. American Journal of Clinical Pathology. 2004;122(S1):S89–S109.Google Scholar

Gitelson, E, Al-Saleem, T, Robu, V, Millenson, MM, Smith, MR. Pediatric nodal marginal zone lymphoma may develop in the adult population. Leukemia and Lymphoma. 2010;51(1):89–94.Google Scholar

Claviez, A, Meyer, U, Dominick, C, Beck, JF, Rister, M, Tiemann, M. MALT lymphoma in children: a report from the NHL-BFM Study Group. Pediatric Blood and Cancer. 2006;47:210–214.Google Scholar

Bhuvana, AS, Termuhlen, AM. Rare pediatric non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Current Hematologic Malignancy Reports. 2010 5:163–168.Google Scholar

Daw, S, Wynn, R, Wallace, H. Management of relapsed and refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma in children and adolescents. British Journal of Haematology. 2010;152:249–260.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Shankar, A, Daw, S. Nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma in children and adolescents - a comprehensive review of biology, clinical course and treatment options. British Journal of Haematology. 2012;159:288–298.Google Scholar

Onciu, M. Histiocytic proliferations in childhood. Am J Clin Pathol. 2004;122(S1):S128–S136.Google ScholarPubMed

Badalian-Very, G, Vergilio, JA, Degar, BA, MacConaill, LE, Brandner, B, Calicchio, ML, Kuo, FC, Ligon, AH, Stevenson, KE, Kehoe, SM, Garraway, LA, Hahn, WC, Meyerson, M, Fleming, MD, Rollins, BJ. Recurrent BRAF mutations in Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Blood. 2010 Sep;116(11):1919–1923.Google Scholar

Swerdlow, SH. Pediatric follicular lymphomas, marginal zone lymphomas, and marginal zone hyperplasia. American Journal of Clinical Pathology. 2004;122(S1):S89–S109.Google Scholar

Gitelson, E, Al-Saleem, T, Robu, V, Millenson, MM, Smith, MR. Pediatric nodal marginal zone lymphoma may develop in the adult population. Leukemia and Lymphoma. 2010;51(1):89–94.Google Scholar

Claviez, A, Meyer, U, Dominick, C, Beck, JF, Rister, M, Tiemann, M. MALT lymphoma in children: a report from the NHL-BFM Study Group. Pediatric Blood and Cancer. 2006;47:210–214.Google Scholar

Bhuvana, AS, Termuhlen, AM. Rare pediatric non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Current Hematologic Malignancy Reports. 2010 5:163–168.Google Scholar

Daw, S, Wynn, R, Wallace, H. Management of relapsed and refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma in children and adolescents. British Journal of Haematology. 2010;152:249–260.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Shankar, A, Daw, S. Nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma in children and adolescents - a comprehensive review of biology, clinical course and treatment options. British Journal of Haematology. 2012;159:288–298.Google Scholar

Onciu, M. Histiocytic proliferations in childhood. Am J Clin Pathol. 2004;122(S1):S128–S136.Google ScholarPubMed

Badalian-Very, G, Vergilio, JA, Degar, BA, MacConaill, LE, Brandner, B, Calicchio, ML, Kuo, FC, Ligon, AH, Stevenson, KE, Kehoe, SM, Garraway, LA, Hahn, WC, Meyerson, M, Fleming, MD, Rollins, BJ. Recurrent BRAF mutations in Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Blood. 2010 Sep;116(11):1919–1923.Google Scholar

Larsson, LO, Bentzon, MW, Berg, K, Mellander, L, Skoogh, BE, Stranegård, IL. Palpable lymph nodes of the neck in Swedish schoolchildren. Acta Paediatrica. 1994;83:1092–1094.Google Scholar

Park, YW. Evaluation of neck masses in children. Am Family Physician. 1995;51(8):1904–1912.Google Scholar

Yaris, N, Cakir, M, Sözen, E, Cobanoglu, U. Analysis of children with peripheral lymphadenopathy. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2006 Jul;45(6):544–549.Google Scholar

Twist, CJ, Link, MP. Assessment of lymphadenopathy in children. Pediatric Clinics of North America. 2000;49:1009–1025.Google Scholar

Chau, I, Kelleher, MT, Cunningham, D, Norman, AR, Wotherspoon, A, Trott, P, Rhys-Evans, P, Querci Della Rovere, G, Brown, G, Allen, M, Waters, JS, Haque, S, Murray, T, Bishop, L. Rapid access multidisciplinary lymph node diagnostic clinic: analysis of 550 patients. Br J Cancer. 2003 Feb 10;88(3):354–361.Google Scholar

Montgomery, ND, Mathews, SP, Coward, WB, Rao, KW, Fedoriw, Y. Clonal karyotypic abnormalities associated with reactive lymphoid hyperplasia. Cancer Cytogenetics. 2013;206(4):135–139.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Leung, AK and Robson, WL. Childhood cervical lymphadenopathy. J Pediatr Health Care. 2004;18:3–7.Google Scholar

Oguz, A, Karadeniz, C, Temel, EA, Citak, EC, Okur, FV. Evaluation of peripheral lymphadenopathy in children. Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2006;23:549–561.Google Scholar

Moore, SW, Schneider, JW, Schaaf, HS. Diagnostic aspects of cervical lymphadenopathy in children in the developing world: a study of 1,877 surgical specimens. Pediatr Surg Int. 2003;19:240–244.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Papadopouli, E, Michailidi, E, Papadopoulou, E, Paspalaki, P, Vlahakis, I, Kalmanti, M. Cervical lymphadenopathy in childhood epidemiology and management. Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2009;26:454–460.Google Scholar

Ramsay, AD. Reactive lymph nodes in pediatric practice. Am J Clin Pathol. 2004;122 (Suppl):S87–97.Google Scholar

Shaikh, F, Ngan, BY, Alexander, S, Grant, R. Progressive transformation of germinal centers in children and adolescents: an intriguing cause of lymphadenopathy. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2013;60:26–30.Google Scholar

Sato, Y, Inoue, D, Asano, N, et al. Association between IgG4-related disease and progressively transformed germinal centers of lymph nodes. Mod Pathol. 2012;25:956–967.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Kutok, JL, Wang, F. Spectrum of Epstein-Barr virus-associated diseases. Annu Rev Pathol. 2006;1:375–404.Google Scholar

Hurt, C, Tammaro, D. Diagnostic evaluation of mononucleosis-like illnesses. Am J Med. 2007;120:911.e1–911.e8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Ventura, KC, Hudnall, SD. Hematologic differences in heterophile-positive and heterophile-negative infectious mononucleosis. Am J Hematol. 2004;76:315–318.Google Scholar

Rushin, JM, Riordan, GP, Heaton, RB, Sharpe, RW, Cotelingam, JD, Jaffe, ES. Cytomegalovirus-infected cells express Leu-M1 antigen. A potential source of diagnostic error. Am J Pathol. 1990;136:989–995.Google Scholar

Miller-Catchpole, R, Variakojis, D, Vardiman, JW, Loew, JM, Carter, J. Cat scratch disease. Identification of bacteria in seven cases of lymphadenitis. Am J Surg Pathol. 1986;10:276–281.Google Scholar

Ridder, GJ, Boedeker, CC, Technau-Ihling, K, Sander, A. Cat-scratch disease: otolaryngologic manifestations and management. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2005;132:353–358.Google Scholar

Rolain, JM, Gouriet, F, Enea, M, Aboud, M, Raoult, D. Detection by immunofluorescence assay of Bartonella henselae in lymph nodes from patients with cat scratch disease. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2003;10:686–691.Google Scholar

Mouritsen, CL, Litwin, CM, Maiese, RL, Segal, SM, Segal, GH. Rapid polymerase chain reaction-based detection of the causative agent of cat scratch disease (Bartonella henselae) in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples. Hum Pathol. 1997;28:820–826.Google Scholar

Hansmann, Y, DeMartino, S, Piemont, Y, et al. Diagnosis of cat scratch disease with detection of Bartonella henselae by PCR: a study of patients with lymph node enlargement. J Clin Microbiol. 2005;43:3800–3806.Google Scholar

Eapen, M, Mathew, CF, Aravindan, KP. Evidence based criteria for the histopathological diagnosis of toxoplasmic lymphadenopathy. J Clin Pathol. 2005;58:1143–1146.Google Scholar

Lin, MH and Kuo, TT. Specificity of the histopathological triad for the diagnosis of toxoplasmic lymphadenitis: polymerase chain reaction study. Pathol Int. 2001;51:619–623.Google Scholar

Montoya, JG, Huffman, HB, Remington, JS. Evaluation of the immunoglobulin G avidity test for diagnosis of toxoplasmic lymphadenopathy. J Clin Microbiol. 2004;42:4627–4631.Google Scholar

Paul, M. Immunoglobulin G avidity in diagnosis of toxoplasmic lymphadenopathy and ocular toxoplasmosis. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 1999;6:514–518.Google Scholar

Rivano, MT, Falini, B, Stein, H, et al. Histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis without granulocytic infiltration (Kikuchi’s lymphadenitis). Morphological and immunohistochemical study of eight cases. Histopathology. 1987;11:1013–1027.Google Scholar

Tsang, WY, Chan, JK, Ng, CS. Kikuchi’s lymphadenitis. A morphologic analysis of 75 cases with special reference to unusual features. Am J Surg Pathol. 1994;18:219–231.Google Scholar

Eisner, MD, Amory, J, Mullaney, B, Tierney, L Jr, Browner, WS. Necrotizing lymphadenitis associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 1996;26:477–482.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Biasi, D, Caramaschi, P, Carletto, A, et al. Three clinical reports of Kikuchi’s lymphadenitis combined with systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Rheumatol. 1996;15:81–83.Google Scholar

el-Ramahi, KM, Karrar, A, Ali, MA. Kikuchi disease and its association with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus. 1994;3:409–411.Google Scholar

Abuel-Haija, M, Hurford, MT. Kimura disease. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2007;131:650–651.Google Scholar

Chen, H, Thompson, LD, Aguilera, NS, Abbondanzo, SL. Kimura disease: a clinicopathologic study of 21 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 2004;28:505–513.Google Scholar

Kapoor, NS, O’Neill, JP, Katabi, N, Wong, RJ, Shah, JP. Kimura disease: diagnostic challenges and clinical management. Am J Otolaryngol. 2012;33:259–262.Google Scholar

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Swerdlow, SH, Campo, E, Harris, NL, Jaffe, ES, Pileri, SA, Stein, H, Thiele, J, Varidman, JW (Eds.), WHO Classification of Tumours of Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues, 4th ed. Lyon: IARC, 2008.Google Scholar

Asselin, BA (2011). Epidemiology of childhood and adolescent cancer In Kliegman, RM (Ed.), Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics, 19th ed. (pp. 1725–1727). Philadelphia: Elsevier.Google Scholar

Howlader, N, Noone, AM, Krapcho, M, Garshell, J, Miller, D, Altekruse, SF, Kosary, CL, Yu, M, Ruhl, J, Tatalovich, Z,Mariotto, A, Lewis, DR, Chen, HS, Feuer, EJ, Cronin, KA (Eds.), SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975–2011, Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute. http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2011/, based on November 2013 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, April 2014.Google Scholar

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Ohgami, RS, Arber, DA, Zehnder, JL, Natkunam, Y, and Warnke, RA (2013), Indolent T-lymphoblastic proliferation (iT-LBP): a review of the clinical and pathologic features and distinction from malignant T-lymphoblastic lymphoma, Advances in Anatomic Pathology; 20(3):137–140CrossRefGoogle Scholar

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Claviez, A, Meyer, U, Dominick, C, Beck, JF, Rister, M, Tiemann, M. MALT lymphoma in children: a report from the NHL-BFM Study Group. Pediatric Blood and Cancer. 2006;47:210–214.Google Scholar

Bhuvana, AS, Termuhlen, AM. Rare pediatric non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Current Hematologic Malignancy Reports. 2010 5:163–168.Google Scholar

Daw, S, Wynn, R, Wallace, H. Management of relapsed and refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma in children and adolescents. British Journal of Haematology. 2010;152:249–260.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Shankar, A, Daw, S. Nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma in children and adolescents - a comprehensive review of biology, clinical course and treatment options. British Journal of Haematology. 2012;159:288–298.Google Scholar

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Swerdlow, SH. Pediatric follicular lymphomas, marginal zone lymphomas, and marginal zone hyperplasia. American Journal of Clinical Pathology. 2004;122(S1):S89–S109.Google Scholar

Gitelson, E, Al-Saleem, T, Robu, V, Millenson, MM, Smith, MR. Pediatric nodal marginal zone lymphoma may develop in the adult population. Leukemia and Lymphoma. 2010;51(1):89–94.Google Scholar

Claviez, A, Meyer, U, Dominick, C, Beck, JF, Rister, M, Tiemann, M. MALT lymphoma in children: a report from the NHL-BFM Study Group. Pediatric Blood and Cancer. 2006;47:210–214.Google Scholar

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Sato, Y, Inoue, D, Asano, N, et al. Association between IgG4-related disease and progressively transformed germinal centers of lymph nodes. Mod Pathol. 2012;25:956–967.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Kutok, JL, Wang, F. Spectrum of Epstein-Barr virus-associated diseases. Annu Rev Pathol. 2006;1:375–404.Google Scholar

Hurt, C, Tammaro, D. Diagnostic evaluation of mononucleosis-like illnesses. Am J Med. 2007;120:911.e1–911.e8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Ventura, KC, Hudnall, SD. Hematologic differences in heterophile-positive and heterophile-negative infectious mononucleosis. Am J Hematol. 2004;76:315–318.Google Scholar

Rushin, JM, Riordan, GP, Heaton, RB, Sharpe, RW, Cotelingam, JD, Jaffe, ES. Cytomegalovirus-infected cells express Leu-M1 antigen. A potential source of diagnostic error. Am J Pathol. 1990;136:989–995.Google Scholar

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Ridder, GJ, Boedeker, CC, Technau-Ihling, K, Sander, A. Cat-scratch disease: otolaryngologic manifestations and management. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2005;132:353–358.Google Scholar

Rolain, JM, Gouriet, F, Enea, M, Aboud, M, Raoult, D. Detection by immunofluorescence assay of Bartonella henselae in lymph nodes from patients with cat scratch disease. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2003;10:686–691.Google Scholar

Mouritsen, CL, Litwin, CM, Maiese, RL, Segal, SM, Segal, GH. Rapid polymerase chain reaction-based detection of the causative agent of cat scratch disease (Bartonella henselae) in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples. Hum Pathol. 1997;28:820–826.Google Scholar

Hansmann, Y, DeMartino, S, Piemont, Y, et al. Diagnosis of cat scratch disease with detection of Bartonella henselae by PCR: a study of patients with lymph node enlargement. J Clin Microbiol. 2005;43:3800–3806.Google Scholar

Eapen, M, Mathew, CF, Aravindan, KP. Evidence based criteria for the histopathological diagnosis of toxoplasmic lymphadenopathy. J Clin Pathol. 2005;58:1143–1146.Google Scholar

Lin, MH and Kuo, TT. Specificity of the histopathological triad for the diagnosis of toxoplasmic lymphadenitis: polymerase chain reaction study. Pathol Int. 2001;51:619–623.Google Scholar

Montoya, JG, Huffman, HB, Remington, JS. Evaluation of the immunoglobulin G avidity test for diagnosis of toxoplasmic lymphadenopathy. J Clin Microbiol. 2004;42:4627–4631.Google Scholar

Paul, M. Immunoglobulin G avidity in diagnosis of toxoplasmic lymphadenopathy and ocular toxoplasmosis. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 1999;6:514–518.Google Scholar

Rivano, MT, Falini, B, Stein, H, et al. Histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis without granulocytic infiltration (Kikuchi’s lymphadenitis). Morphological and immunohistochemical study of eight cases. Histopathology. 1987;11:1013–1027.Google Scholar

Tsang, WY, Chan, JK, Ng, CS. Kikuchi’s lymphadenitis. A morphologic analysis of 75 cases with special reference to unusual features. Am J Surg Pathol. 1994;18:219–231.Google Scholar

Eisner, MD, Amory, J, Mullaney, B, Tierney, L Jr, Browner, WS. Necrotizing lymphadenitis associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 1996;26:477–482.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Biasi, D, Caramaschi, P, Carletto, A, et al. Three clinical reports of Kikuchi’s lymphadenitis combined with systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Rheumatol. 1996;15:81–83.Google Scholar

el-Ramahi, KM, Karrar, A, Ali, MA. Kikuchi disease and its association with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus. 1994;3:409–411.Google Scholar

Abuel-Haija, M, Hurford, MT. Kimura disease. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2007;131:650–651.Google Scholar

Chen, H, Thompson, LD, Aguilera, NS, Abbondanzo, SL. Kimura disease: a clinicopathologic study of 21 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 2004;28:505–513.Google Scholar

Kapoor, NS, O’Neill, JP, Katabi, N, Wong, RJ, Shah, JP. Kimura disease: diagnostic challenges and clinical management. Am J Otolaryngol. 2012;33:259–262.Google Scholar

Schirren, CG, Eckert, F. Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophils. Case report and differentiation from Kimura disease. Hautarzt. 1991;42:107–111.Google ScholarPubMed

Carbone, A, Passannante, A, Gloghini, A, Devaney, KO, Rinaldo, A, Ferlito, A. Review of sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (Rosai-Dorfman disease) of head and neck. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1999;108:1095–1104.Google Scholar

Foucar, E, Rosai, J, Dorfman, R. Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (Rosai-Dorfman disease): review of the entity. Semin Diagn Pathol. 1990;7:19–73.Google Scholar

Swerdlow, SH, Campo, E, Harris, NL, Jaffe, ES, Pileri, SA, Stein, H, Thiele, J, Varidman, JW (Eds.), WHO Classification of Tumours of Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues, 4th ed. Lyon: IARC, 2008.Google Scholar

Asselin, BA (2011). Epidemiology of childhood and adolescent cancer In Kliegman, RM (Ed.), Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics, 19th ed. (pp. 1725–1727). Philadelphia: Elsevier.Google Scholar

Howlader, N, Noone, AM, Krapcho, M, Garshell, J, Miller, D, Altekruse, SF, Kosary, CL, Yu, M, Ruhl, J, Tatalovich, Z,Mariotto, A, Lewis, DR, Chen, HS, Feuer, EJ, Cronin, KA (Eds.), SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975–2011, Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute. http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2011/, based on November 2013 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, April 2014.Google Scholar

Tubergen, DG, Bleyer, A, Ritchey, AK (2011). The leukemias In Kliegman, RM (Ed.), Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics, 19th ed. (pp. 1732–1739). Philadelphia: Elsevier.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ohgami, RS, Arber, DA, Zehnder, JL, Natkunam, Y, and Warnke, RA (2013), Indolent T-lymphoblastic proliferation (iT-LBP): a review of the clinical and pathologic features and distinction from malignant T-lymphoblastic lymphoma, Advances in Anatomic Pathology; 20(3):137–140CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Waxman, IM, Hochberg, J, Cairo, MS (2011). Lymphoma In Kliegman, RM (Ed.), Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics, 19th ed. (pp. 1739–1746). Philadelphia: Elsevier.Google Scholar

Swerdlow, SH. Pediatric follicular lymphomas, marginal zone lymphomas, and marginal zone hyperplasia. American Journal of Clinical Pathology. 2004;122(S1):S89–S109.Google Scholar

Gitelson, E, Al-Saleem, T, Robu, V, Millenson, MM, Smith, MR. Pediatric nodal marginal zone lymphoma may develop in the adult population. Leukemia and Lymphoma. 2010;51(1):89–94.Google Scholar

Claviez, A, Meyer, U, Dominick, C, Beck, JF, Rister, M, Tiemann, M. MALT lymphoma in children: a report from the NHL-BFM Study Group. Pediatric Blood and Cancer. 2006;47:210–214.Google Scholar

Bhuvana, AS, Termuhlen, AM. Rare pediatric non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Current Hematologic Malignancy Reports. 2010 5:163–168.Google Scholar

Daw, S, Wynn, R, Wallace, H. Management of relapsed and refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma in children and adolescents. British Journal of Haematology. 2010;152:249–260.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Shankar, A, Daw, S. Nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma in children and adolescents - a comprehensive review of biology, clinical course and treatment options. British Journal of Haematology. 2012;159:288–298.Google Scholar

Onciu, M. Histiocytic proliferations in childhood. Am J Clin Pathol. 2004;122(S1):S128–S136.Google ScholarPubMed

Badalian-Very, G, Vergilio, JA, Degar, BA, MacConaill, LE, Brandner, B, Calicchio, ML, Kuo, FC, Ligon, AH, Stevenson, KE, Kehoe, SM, Garraway, LA, Hahn, WC, Meyerson, M, Fleming, MD, Rollins, BJ. Recurrent BRAF mutations in Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Blood. 2010 Sep;116(11):1919–1923.Google Scholar