Diversity is not only a legitimate part of, but is essential to, elections and appointments on merit. A judiciary lacking in diversity is one lacking in an essential resource for good decision-making. A diverse judiciary is a better judiciary. It is better not (just) because it is more representative and democratically legitimate, but because it is better positioned to do its job-to deliver justice. The contributors to this edited volume exam the factors that influence who is nominated and confirmed to the federal judiciary and who is elected and is not elected to statewide courts. What we have learned from this edited volume is that race/ethnicity, gender, and sexual orientation matter for the diversity of the courts. Diversity matters because descriptive representation often leads to symbolic and substantive representation. One fact is clear, there needs to be a structural, political, and cultural commitment to diversifying the judiciary.