The subsistence practices of Holocene communities living in the Nile Valley of Central Sudan are comparatively little known. Recent excavations at Khor Shambat, Sudan, have yielded well-defined Mesolithic and Neolithic stratigraphy. Here, for the first time, archaeozoological, palaeobotanical, phytolith and dental calculus studies are combined with lipid residue analysis of around 100 pottery fragments and comparative analysis of faunal remains and organic residues. This holistic approach provides valuable information on changes in adaptation strategies, from Mesolithic hunter-gatherers to Neolithic herders exploiting domesticates. A unique picture is revealed of the natural environment and human subsistence, demonstrating the potential wider value of combining multiple methods.

A biographic summary of the research of Dr Graham Charles George Argent (born 15 May 1941, died 24 April 2019) is presented, summarising his research career. Expedition information, including dates, collection number series and the names of collaborators, is given, as is a list of his publications, annotated with taxonomic decisions and the names of new species described within them.

The Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) was used to assess the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in a French population of 46 inpatients with diabetes mellitus. According to DSM-III-R criteria, 52.2% of subjects presented at least one psychiatric diagnosis in their lifetime and 41.3% did so less than six months before the study. Affective and anxiety disorders represented at least 83% of the psychiatric diagnoses. The risk for those disorders seems to be restricted to a predisposed group as only one of the 16 subjects who had suffered from an anxiety or depressive episode within the previous six months had never experienced such an episode before.

A study was conducted on a group of 73 patients suffering from major depressive disorder (DSMIII) compared with 120 normal subjects using a subscale of physical pleasure (Fawcett Clark pleasure capacity scale-physical pleasure, FCPCS-PP). The major depressives were significantly more anhedonic than the normals and the distribution of the FCPCS-PP scores in these subjects was unimodal.

The transplant representations of patients waiting for a kidney transplantation have been studied recently. Our hypotheses is that these representations can be measured with a questionnaire and differ between recipients from living or cadaveric donor. As result of lack of clinical standardized instrument,we developed the Transplant Representation Questionnaire(TRQ) of 19 items in 4 degrees.

This objectives of this study were three-fold: retrospectively evaluate anxiolytic/hypnotic consumption by psychiatric inpatients, identify the risk factors of prolonged intakes, and prospectively measure the impact of hospitalisation on the use of those drugs. Three hundred and seventy-six patients hospitalised in 11 psychiatric departments in the Paris region were studied using a structured interview for the anxiolytic/hypnotic treatments, DSM-III-R criteria, GHQ-12, HAD, Spiegel's questionnaire, COVI's anxiety scale and the CGI. Eighty-five per cent of the patients had taken one anxiolytic/hypnotic or more in the 3 months preceding hospitalisation. Hospitalisation induced little change in anxiolytic/hypnotic use: dosage frequency increased from 77% to 84% between the week preceding hospitalisation and that preceding discharge; 26% of consumers were taking at least two anxiolytics or two hypnotics in the first period vs. 23% in the second. The absence of withdrawal during hospitalisation was related to the high age and a diagnosis of depression rather than schizophrenia, to the existence of continuous intake over the 3 months preceding hospitalisation and to higher drug doses during the 7 days preceding hospitalisation. Prescription of treatment at the end of hospitalisation in previously non-user subjects was related to a higher HAD anxiety score at discharge.

Une étude prospective, contrôlée et randomisée a été réalisée sur 320 suicidants ayant regagné leur domicile après passage au SAU de Bicêtre. Elle a comparé le protocole de prise en charge habituel (groupe G1) au protocole « OSTA » (G2). Celui-ci comporte trois appels téléphoniques au patient (à j8–j15, M1 et M3) 2,3, un appel téléphonique au professionnel référent (M3) et la mise à disposition d’un numéro d’appel téléphonique pour le patient et son référent. Une évaluation téléphonique finale à un an (M12) a été effectuée dans les deux groupes.

Since reports have underscored that panic attacks (PA) may be an identifiable state occurring in schizophrenia, we studied the symptomatology of PA in a group of schizophrenic patients. Of 40 patients (21 males and 19 females) attending a clinic for maintenance therapy of schizophrenia, 19 (36.8%) had a lifetime history of PA. Seven among those 19 patients (36.8%) had or had had spontaneous panic attacks, not related to phobic fears or delusional fears, and for the 12 remaining patients, the PA were related to paranoid ideas. Moreover, the paranoid subtype of schizophrenia tends to be more often associated with a history of panic attack than other subtypes of schizophrenia (52.6% vs 23.8%; χ2 = 3.5, P = .06). It seems that there are at least two types of PA in schizophrenic patients. The first one could be independent from the psychotic feature, with no psychopathological link. The second kind of PA could be directly related to a schizophrenic disorder, and found in patients with the paranoid subtype.

La prise en charge des internes en situation de souffrance psychique comporte plusieurs étapes. La première est celle de la reconnaissance de l’état de souffrance par le sujet lui-même et/ou par son entourage proche. La seconde consiste à aider l’interne à s’adresser à la ou aux personne(s) la(les) plus qualifiée(s) pour analyser avec lui la situation et/ou lui apporter l’aide requise. Une troisième étape consiste à mettre en œuvre les moyens thérapeutiques et/ou de prévention nécessaires avec l’ensemble des personnes ressources. Chacune de ces étapes comporte des obstacles qu’il importe de connaître pour les surmonter : difficulté à reconnaître l’état de souffrance ; difficulté à faire la part entre un simple trouble de l’adaptation lié à une situation professionnelle particulière et un trouble psychique nécessitant l’intervention d’un spécialiste ; difficultés d’accès aux spécialistes, mais aussi difficultés rencontrées dans la mise en œuvre d’éventuelles mesures de prévention dans le lieu de stage, enfin. Chacune de ces étapes peut impliquer l’intervention de multiples intervenants (famille et amis, pairs, enseignants, coordonnateur, psychologues, psychiatres), dont il importe de coordonner l’action dans le respect de la plus grande confidentialité. Le syndicat des internes des hôpitaux de Paris (SIHP) a mis en œuvre depuis le début de l’année 2015 et en concertation avec le coordonnateur du DES de psychiatrie un dispositif d’aide aux internes en souffrance psychique intitulé « SOS-Psychiatrie ». Cette initiative permet à un interne en souffrance psychique de s’adresser, dans un premier temps, à un pair en la personne d’un membre du SIHP. L’interne pourra alors être orienté vers une des consultations d’évaluation organisées par les services de psychiatrie du réseau, avant d’être si besoin redirigé vers un suivi. Depuis sa création, 6 internes ont pu bénéficier de ce dispositif.

L’internat est une période de stress chronique élevé pour les étudiants en médecine qui doivent relever le défi d’apprendre à travailler en équipe, de devenir des médecins compétents, responsables et empathiques, dans un climat parfois compétitif. Les premières études analysant la prévalence des troubles psychiatriques chez les internes dans les années 1960 retrouvaient une prévalence de la dépression d’environ 30 %. Des travaux récents retrouvent des taux identiques ainsi qu’une augmentation significative de la prévalence du burn-out et des symptômes anxieux au cours de l’internat . Cependant, il semblerait que les internes souffrant de troubles psychiatriques se tournent peu vers les professionnels de santé , alors même que l’aggravation des symptômes retentit sur leur fonctionnement, notamment professionnel. Actuellement, il n’existe pas en France de recommandation claire quant à la prise en charge médicale et universitaire des internes en souffrance psychique, malgré des résultats encourageant d’interventions individuelles ou groupales . L’Association française fédérative des étudiants en psychiatrie a donc mené une enquête auprès des représentants des internes en psychiatrie de chaque subdivision et des coordonnateurs locaux du diplôme d’études spécialisées (DES) de psychiatrie. Ce travail, présenté pour la première fois, a pour but de décrire les dispositions médicales et universitaires prises pour les internes en souffrance et celles souhaitées. L’objectif final de cette étude est d’élaborer des recommandations nationales et consensuelles aidant à la prise en charge spécifique de ces étudiants. Le professeur Hardy apportera son regard avec sa double expertise de coordonnateur du DES de psychiatrie de Paris-IDF et de psychiatre intéressé par les troubles affectifs et les facteurs de risques psychosociaux. L’approche sociologique de Madame Penchaud viendra enrichir cette session où elle présentera une revue de la littérature en sciences sociales sur les motivations présidant au choix de la filière psychiatrique et proposera une analyse compréhensive de l’expérience et l’apprentissage professionnel des internes en psychiatrie.

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) is a genetic modifier of cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease. TGFβ’s pulmonary levels in young CF patients and its mechanism of action in CF are unknown. We examined TGFβ levels in children with CF and investigated responses of human airway epithelial cells (AECs) and mice to TGFβ. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: TGFβ levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from CF patients (n=15) and non-CF control patients (n=21)<6 years old were determined by ELISA. CF mice and non-CF mice were intratracheally treated with an adenoviral TGFβ1 vector or PBS; lungs were collected for analysis at day 7. Human CF and non-CF AECs were treated with TGFβ or PBS for 24 hours then collected for analysis. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Young CF patients had higher bronchoalveolar lavage fluid TGFβ than non-CF controls (p=0.03). Mouse lungs exposed to TGFβ demonstrated inflammation, goblet cell hyperplasia, and decreased CFTR expression. CF mice had greater TGFβ-induced lung mechanics abnormalities than controls; both CF human AECs and CF mice showed higher TGFβ induced MAPK and PI3K signaling compared with controls. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: For the first time, we show increased TGFβ levels very early in CF. TGFβ drives CF lung abnormalities in mouse and human models; CF models are more sensitive to TGFβ’s effects. Understanding the role of TGFβ in promoting CF lung disease is critical to developing patient specific treatments.

The small-scale fisheries sector in many Pacific islands is facing increasing challenges in relation to resource availability, economic opportunity, and demographic and social pressure. In particular, intensifying cash-oriented livelihood strategies can exacerbate existing vulnerabilities and threaten food security and resource conservation. In this paper the authors develop a bio-economic model and a quantitative measure of resilience in order to explore the interaction between socio-economic and ecological dynamics, and to analyze the potential role that cooperation and collective arrangements can play in this interaction to maintain the viability of the system. Based on the case of the system known as wantok typically found in the Solomon Islands, numerical examples are used to explore the potential gain that cooperation between fishers can bring in terms of subsistence, profitability and ecological performances, as well as the resilience of the whole system to shocks.

RF-plasma MBE was used to epitaxially grow 4 – 100-nm-thick metallic β-Nb2N thin films on hexagonal SiC substrates. When the N/Nb flux ratios are greater than one, the most critical parameter for high-quality β-Nb2N is the substrate temperature. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) of films grown between 775 °C and 850 °C demonstrates pure β-Nb2N phase formation which was also confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy measurements. Using the (0002) and (21$\bar 3$1) XRD peaks of a β-Nb2N film grown at 850 °C reveals a 0.68% lattice mismatch to the 6H-SiC substrate. This suggests that β-Nb2N can be used for high-quality metal/semiconductor heterostructures that cannot be fabricated at present.