Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-nr4z6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-30T16:00:02.270Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Part IV - Feeding

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 September 2015

Michio Nakamura
Affiliation:
Kyoto University, Japan
Kazuhiko Hosaka
Affiliation:
Kamakura Women’s University, Japan
Noriko Itoh
Affiliation:
Kyoto University, Japan
Koichiro Zamma
Affiliation:
Great Ape Research Institute
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Mahale Chimpanzees
50 Years of Research
, pp. 225 - 310
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2015

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References

Boesch, C. (1996). Social grouping in Taï chimpanzees. In Great Ape Societies, ed. McGrew, W., Marchant, L., and Nishida, T.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 101–13.Google Scholar
Byrne, R. W. and Corp, N. (2003). Acquisition of skilled gathering techniques in Mahale chimpanzees. Pan Africa News, 10, 47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chemurot, M., Isabirye-Basuta, G., and Sande, E. (2012). Amount of plant foods eaten and sexual differences in feeding among wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) of Kanyawara Community. ISRN Zoology, 2012, 15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Corp, N. and Byrne, R. W. (2002a). Leaf processing by wild chimpanzees: Physically defended leaves reveal complex manual skills. Ethology, 108, 673–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Corp, N. and Byrne, R. W. (2002b). The ontogeny of manual skill in wild chimpanzees: Evidence from feeding on the fruit of Saba florida. Behaviour, 139, 137–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Corp, N. and Byrne, R. W. (2004). Sex difference in chimpanzee handedness. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 123, 62–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Doran, D. (1997). Influence of seasonality on activity patterns, feeding behavior, ranging, and grouping patterns in Taï chimpanzees. International Journal of Primatology, 18, 183206.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fawcett, K. A. (2000). Female Relationships and Food Availability in a Forest Community of Chimpanzees. Ph.D. thesis. Edinburgh, UK: University of Edinburgh.Google Scholar
Ghiglieri, M. P. (1984). The Chimpanzees of Kibale Forest: A Field Study of Ecology and Social Structure. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Hladik, C. M. (1977). Chimpanzees of Gabon and chimpanzees of Gombe: some comparative data on the diet. In Primate Ecology: Studies of Feeding and Ranging Behaviour in Lemurs, Monkeys, and Apes, ed. Clutton-Brock, T. H.. New York: Academic Press, pp. 481501.Google Scholar
Isabirye-Basuta, G. (1988). Food competition among individuals in a free-ranging chimpanzee community in Kibale Forest, Uganda. Behaviour, 105, 135–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Itoh, N. (2002). Feeding act of wild chimpanzees: To eat as a social event. Anthropological Science, 110, 48.Google Scholar
Itoh, N. (2004). [The Plant Phenology and Fission–Fusion Social System in the Mahale Mountains National Park.] Doctoral Dissertation. Kyoto: Kyoto University. In Japanese.Google Scholar
Itoh, N. and Nishida, T. (2007). Chimpanzee grouping patterns and food availability in Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania. Primates, 48, 8796.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Izawa, K. and Itani, J. (1966). Chimpanzees in Kasakati Basin, Tanganyika. (1) Ecological study in the rainy season, 1963–1964. Kyoto University African Studies, 1, 73156.Google Scholar
Krishnamani, R. and Mahaney, W. C. (2000). Geophagy among primates: Adaptive significance and ecological consequences. Animal Behaviour, 59, 899915.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
van Lawick-Goodall, J. (1968). The behaviour of free-living chimpanzees in the Gombe Stream Reserve. Animal Behaviour Monographs, 1, 161311.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mahaney, W. C., Hancock, R. G. V., Aufreiter, S., and Huffman, M. (1996). Geochemistry and clay mineralogy of termite mound soil and the role of geophagy in chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains, Tanzania. Primates, 37, 121–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matsumoto-Oda, A., Hosaka, K., Huffman, M., and Kawanaka, K. (1998). Factors affecting party size in chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains. International Journal of Primatology, 19, 9991011.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Newton-Fisher, N. E. (1999a). Association by male chimpanzees: a social tactic? Behaviour, 136, 705–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Newton-Fisher, N. E. (1999b). The diet of chimpanzees in the Budongo Forest Reserve, Uganda. African Journal of Ecology, 37, 344–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nishida, T. (1968). The social group of wild chimpanzees in the Mahali Mountains. Primates, 9, 167224.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nishida, T. (1974). [The ecology of wild chimpanzees.] In [The Human Ecology], ed. Ohtsuka, R., Tanaka, J., and Nishida, T.. Tokyo: Kyōritsu Shuppan, pp. 1560. In Japanese.Google Scholar
Nishida, T. (1976). The bark-eating habits in primates, with special reference to their status in the diet of wild chimpanzees. Folia Primatologica, 25, 277–87.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nishida, T. (1980). Local differences in responses to water among wild chimpanzees. Folia Primatologica, 33, 189209.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nishida, T. (1991). Primate gastronomy: cultural food preferences in nonhuman primates and origins of cuisine. In Chemical Senses, Vol. 4: Appetite and Nutrition, ed. Friedman, M. I., Tordoff, M. G., and Kare, M. R.. New York: Marcel Dekker, pp. 195209.Google Scholar
Nishida, T. and Uehara, S. (1983). Natural diet of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii): long-term record from the Mahale Mountains, Tanzania. African Study Monographs, 3, 109–30.Google Scholar
Nishie, H. (2008). [Chimpanzee culture and sociality: reconsidering “the metaphor of transmission of knowledge”.] Primate Research, 24, 7390. In Japanese with English abstract.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nishie, H. (2010). [Never-ending interaction: “redundant” interaction among wild chimpanzees.] In [Boundary and Conjunction of Social Interaction: Studies in Nonhuman Primates, Humans and Conversation], ed. Kimura, D., Nakamura, M., and Takanashi, K.. Kyoto: Shōwadō, pp. 387–96. In Japanese.Google Scholar
Nishie, H. (2012). [Chimpanzee Culture and Sociality.] Doctoral Dissertation. Kyoto: Kyoto University. In Japanese.Google Scholar
Sun, C., Kaplin, B. A., Kristensen, K. A., et al. (1996). Tree phenology in a tropical montane forest in Rwanda. Biotropica, 28(4b), 668–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Suzuki, A. (1969). An ecological study of chimpanzees in a savanna woodland. Primates, 10, 103–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turner, L. A. (2006a). Seed dispersal of a tropical forest tree, Pycnanthus angolensis (Myristricaceae) by chimpanzees in the Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania. Memoirs of the Faculty of Science Kyoto University (Series of Biology), 18, 3543.Google Scholar
Turner, L. A. (2006b). Vegetation and chimpanzee ranging in the Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania. Memoirs of the Faculty of Science Kyoto University (Series of Biology), 18, 4582.Google Scholar
Wrangham, R. W. (1975). The Behavioural Ecology of Chimpanzees in Gombe National Park, Tanzania. Ph.D. thesis. Cambridge: University of Cambridge.Google Scholar
Wrangham, R. W. (1977). Feeding behaviour of chimpanzees in Gombe National Park, Tanzania. In Primate Ecology, ed. Clutton-Brock, T. H.. New York: Academic Press, pp. 504–38.Google Scholar
Wrangham, R. W. and Smuts, B. B. (1980). Sex differences in the behavioural ecology of chimpanzees in the Gombe National Park, Tanzania. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, Suppl. 28, 1331.Google Scholar
Yamakoshi, G. (1998). Dietary responses to fruit scarcity of wild chimpanzees at Bossou, Guinea: possible implications for ecological importance of tool use. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 106, 283–95.3.0.CO;2-O>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

References

Adler, E., Hoon, M. A., Mueller, K. L., et al. (2000). A novel family of mammalian taste receptors. Cell, 100, 693702.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bandelt, H. J., Forster, P., and Röhl, A. (1999). Median-joining networks for inferring intraspecific phylogenies. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 16, 3748.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Behrens, M., Brockhoff, A., Batram, C., et al. (2009). The human bitter taste receptor hTAS2R50 is activated by the two natural bitter terpenoids andrographolide and amarogentin. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 57, 9860–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brockhoff, A., Behrens, M., Massarotti, A., Appendino, G., and Meyerhof, W. (2007). Broad tuning of the human bitter taste receptor hTAS2R46 to various sesquiterpene lactones, clerodane and labdane diterpenoids, strychnine, and denatonium. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 55, 6236–43.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bufe, B., Breslin, P. A., Kuhn, C., et al. (2005). The molecular basis of individual differences in phenylthiocarbamide and propylthiouracil bitterness perception. Current Biology, 15, 322–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chandrashekar, J., Mueller, K. L., Hoon, M. A., et al. (2000). T2Rs function as bitter taste receptors. Cell, 100, 703–11.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chandrashekar, J., Hoon, M. A., Ryba, N. J., and Zuker, C. S. (2006). The receptors and cells for mammalian taste. Nature. 444, 288–94.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chiarelli, B. (1963). Sensitivity to PTC (phenyl-thio-carbamide) in primates. Folia Primatologica, 1, 8894.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dotson, C. D., Zhang, L., Xu, H., et al. (2008). Bitter taste receptors influence glucose homeostasis. PLoS ONE, 3, e3974.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fisher, R. A., Ford, E. B., and Huxley, J. (1939). Taste-testing the anthropoid apes. Nature, 144, 750.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Glaser, D. (1986). Geschmacksforschung bei Primaten. Vierteljahrsschrift der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Zürich, 131, 92110.Google Scholar
Go, Y., Satta, Y., Takenaka, O., and Takahata, N. (2005). Lineage-specific loss of function of bitter taste receptor genes in humans and nonhuman primates. Genetics, 170, 313–26.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hayakawa, T., Sugawara, T., Go, Y., et al. (2012). Eco-geographical diversification of bitter taste receptor genes (TAS2Rs) among subspecies of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). PLoS ONE, 7, e43277.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hayakawa, T., Suzuki-Hashido, N., Matsui, A., and Go, Y. (2014). Frequent expansions of the bitter taste receptor gene repertoire during evolution of mammals in the Euarchontoglires clade. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 31, 2018–31.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hellekant, G. and Ninomiya, Y. (1991). On the taste of umami in chimpanzee. Physiology and Behavior, 49, 927–34.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hellekant, G., Ninomiya, Y., and Danilova, V. (1997). Taste in chimpanzees II: single chorda tympani fibers. Physiology and Behavior, 61, 829–41.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hladik, C. M. and Simmen, B. (1996). Taste perception and feeding behavior in nonhuman primates and human populations. Evolutionary Anthropology, 5, 5871.3.0.CO;2-S>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huffman, M. A. (1997). Current evidence for self-medication in primates: a multidisciplinary perspective. Yearbook of Physical Anthropology, 104(S25), 171200.3.0.CO;2-7>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huffman, M. A. (2003). Animal self-medication and ethno-medicine: exploration and exploitation of the medicinal properties of plants. The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 62, 371–81.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Huffman, M. A. and Seifu, M. (1989). Observations on the illness and consumption of a possibly medicinal plant Vernonia amygdalina (Del.), by a wild chimpanzee in the Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania. Primates, 30, 5163.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Imai, H., Suzuki, N., Ishimaru, Y., et al. (2012). Functional diversity of bitter taste receptor TAS2R16 in primates. Biology Letters, 8, 652–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Izawa, K. and Itani, J. (1966). Chimpanzees in the Kasakati Basin, Tanganyika. (1) Ecological study in the rainy season, 1963–1964. Kyoto University African Studies, 1, 73156.Google Scholar
Jisaka, M., Kawanaka, M., Sugiyama, H., et al. (1992). Antischistosomal activities of sesquiterpene lactones and steroid glucosides from Vernonia amygdalina, possibly used by wild chimpanzees against parasite-related diseases. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 56, 845–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kim, U. K., Jorgenson, E., Coon, H., et al. (2003). Positional cloning of the human quantitative trait locus underlying taste sensitivity to phenylthiocarbamide. Science, 299, 1221–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kuhn, C., Bufe, B., Winnig, M., et al. (2004). Bitter taste receptors for saccharin and acesulfame K. The Journal of Neuroscience, 24, 10260–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Meyerhof, W., Batram, C., Kuhn, C., et al. (2010). The molecular receptive ranges of human TAS2 R bitter taste receptors. Chemical Senses, 35, 157–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nei, M. and Gojobori, T. (1986). Simple methods for estimating the numbers of synonymous and nonsynonymous nucleotide substitutions. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 3, 418–26.Google ScholarPubMed
Nishida, T. (1980). Local differences in responses to water among wild chimpanzees. Folia Primatologica, 33, 189209.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nishida, T. (1991). Primate gastronomy: Cultural food preferences in nonhuman primates and origins of cuisine. In Chemical Senses, Vol. 4: Appetite and Nutrition. ed. Friedman, M. L., Tordoff, M. G., and Kare, M. R.. New York: Marcel Dekker, pp. 195209.Google Scholar
Nishida, T. (2008). [Learning from Animals’ “Feeding”: New Edition.] Kyoto: Kyoto University Press. In Japanese.Google Scholar
Nishida, T. (2012). Chimpanzees of the Lakeshore: Natural History and Culture at Mahale. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Nishida, T. and Uehara, S. (1981). Kitongwe name of plants: A preliminary listing. African Study Monographs, 1, 109–31.Google Scholar
Nishida, T. and Uehara, S. (1983). Natural diet of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii): Long-term record from the Mahale Mountains, Tanzania. African Study Monographs, 3, 109–30.Google Scholar
Nishida, T., Wrangham, R. W., Goodall, J., and Uehara, S. (1983). Local differences in plant-feeding habits of chimpanzees between the Mahale Mountains and Gombe National Park, Tanzania. Journal of Human Evolution, 12, 467–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nishida, T., Ohigashi, H., and Koshimizu, K. (2000). Tastes of chimpanzee plant foods. Current Anthropology, 41, 431–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nishida, T., Zamma, K., Matsusaka, T., Inaba, A., and McGrew, M. C. (2010). Chimpanzee Behavior in the Wild: An Audio-Visual Encyclopedia. Tokyo: Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nissen, H. W. (1931). A field study of the chimpanzee: observations of chimpanzee behavior and environment in western French Guinea. Comparative Psychology Monographs, 8, 1122.Google Scholar
Pronin, A. N., Xu, H., Tang, H., et al. (2007), Specific alleles of bitter receptor genes influence human sensitivity to the bitterness of aloin and saccharin. Current Biology, 17, 1403–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reed, D. R., Zhu, G., Breslin, P. A., et al. (2010). The perception of quinine taste intensity is associated with common genetic variants in a bitter receptor cluster on chromosome 12. Human Molecular Genetics, 19, 4278–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sabater Pi, J. (1979). Feeding behaviour and diet of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) in the Okorobiko Mountains in Rio Muni (West Africa). Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie, 50, 265–81.Google ScholarPubMed
Sakamaki, T. (1998). First record of algae-feeding by a female chimpanzee at Mahale. Pan Africa News, 5, 13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sandell, M. A. and Breslin, P. A. (2006). Variability in a taste-receptor gene determines whether we taste toxins in food. Current Biology, 16, R792–4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Snyder, L. H. (1931). Inherited taste deficiency. Science, 74, 151–2.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Soranzo, N., Bufe, B., Sabeti, P. C., et al. (2005). Positive selection on a high-sensitivity allele of the human bitter-taste receptor TAS2R16. Current Biology, 15, 1257–65.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Steiner, J. E. and Glaser, D. (1984). Differential behavioral responses to taste stimuli in non-human primates. Journal of Human Evolution, 13, 709–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sugawara, T., Go, Y., Udono, T., et al. (2011). Diversification of bitter taste receptor gene family in western chimpanzees. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 28, 921–31.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sugiyama, Y. and Koman, J. (1992). The flora of Bossou: its utilization by chimpanzees and humans. African Study Monographs, 13, 127–69.Google Scholar
Tajima, F. (1989). Statistical method for testing the neutral mutation hypothesis by DNA polymorphism. Genetics, 123, 585–95.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Takahata, Y., Hiraiwa-Hasegawa, M., Takasaki, H. and Nyundo, R. (1986). Newly acquired feeding habits among the chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania. Human Evolution, 1, 277–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Takasaki, H. (1983). Mahale chimpanzees taste mangoes: towards acquisition of a new food item? Primates, 24, 273–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thalmann, S., Behrens, M., and Meyerhof, W. (2013). Major haplotypes of the human bitter taste receptor TAS2R41 encode functional receptors for chloramphenicol. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 435, 267–73.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Toda, Y., Nakagita, T., Hayakawa, T., et al. (2013). Two distinct determinants of ligand specificity in T1R1/T1R3 (the umami taste receptor). The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 288, 36863–77.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ueno, A., Ueno, Y., and Tomonaga, M. (2004). Facial responses to four basic tastes in newborn rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Behavioural Brain Research, 154, 261–71.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yarmolinsky, D. A., Zuker, C. S., and Ryba, N. J. (2009). Common sense about taste: from mammals to insects. Cell, 139, 234–44.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wooding, S., Kim, U. K., Bamshad, M. J., et al. (2004). Natural selection and molecular evolution in PTC, a bitter-taste receptor gene. American Journal of Human Genetics, 74, 637–46.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wooding, S., Bufe, B., Grassi, C., et al. (2006). Independent evolution of bitter-taste sensitivity in humans and chimpanzees. Nature, 440, 930–4.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wooding, S., Gunn, H., Ramos, P., et al. (2010). Genetics and bitter taste responses to goitrin, a plant toxin found in vegetables. Chemical Senses, 35, 685–92.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wrangham, R. (2009). Catching Fire: How Cooking Made Us Human. London: Profile books.Google Scholar
Zamma, K., Nakashima, M., and Ramadhani, A. (2011). Mahale chimpanzees start to eat oil palm. Pan Africa News, 18, 68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

References

Bakuneeta, C., Johnson, K., Plumptre, R., and Reynolds, V. (1995). Human uses of tree species whose seeds are dispersed by chimpanzees in the Budongo Forest, Uganda. African Journal of Ecology, 33, 276–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Basabose, A. K. (2002). Diet composition of chimpanzees inhabiting the montane forest of Kahuzi, Democratic Republic of Congo. American Journal of Primatology, 58, 121.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chapman, C. A. (1995). Primate seed dispersal: Coevolution and conservation implications. Evolutionary Anthropology, 4, 7482.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goodall, J. (1986). The Chimpanzees of Gombe: Patterns of Behavior. Cambridge, MA: Belknap.Google Scholar
Gross-Camp, N. and Kaplin, B. A. (2005). Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) seed dispersal in an afromontane forest: microhabitat influences on the postdispersal fate of large seeds. Biotropica, 37, 641–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gross-Camp, N. D., Masozera, M., and Kaplin, B. A. (2009). Chimpanzee seed dispersal quantity in a tropical montane forest of Rwanda. American Journal of Primatology, 71, 901–11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Herrera, C. M. (2002). Seed dispersal by vertebrates. In Plant–Animal Interactions: An Evolutionary Approach, ed. Herrera, C. M. and Pellmyr, O.. Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 185208.Google Scholar
Idani, G. (1986). Seed dispersal by pygmy chimpanzees (Pan paniscus): a preliminary report. Primates, 27, 441–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Itoh, N. (2002). [Food in the forest: Chimpanzees’ food density and spatial distribution.] In [The Mahale Chimpanzees: 37 Years of <Panthropology>], ed. Nishida, T., Uehara, S., and Kawanaka, K.. Kyoto: Kyoto University Press, pp. 77100. In Japanese.Google Scholar
Izawa, K. and Itani, J. (1966). Chimpanzees in Kasakati Basin, Tanganyika: (I) Ecological study in the rainy season 1963–1964. Kyoto University African Studies, 1, 73156.Google Scholar
Lambert, J. E. (1999). Seed handling in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and redtail monkeys (Cercopithecus ascanius): implications for understanding hominoid and cercopithecine fruit-processing strategies and seed dispersal. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 109, 365–86.3.0.CO;2-Q>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lambert, J. E. and Garber, P. A. (1998). Evolutionary and ecological implications of primate seed dispersal. American Journal of Primatology, 45, 928.3.0.CO;2-#>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mack, A. L. (1993). The sizes of vertebrate-dispersed fruits: A Neotropical–Paleotropical comparison. The American Naturalist, 142, 840–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McGrew, W. C., Baldwin, P. J., and Tutin, C. E. G. (1988). Diet of wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) at Mt. Assirik, Senegal: I. Composition. American Journal of Primatology, 16, 213–26.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McGrew, W. C., Marchant, L. F., and Phillips, C. A. (2009). Standardised protocol for primate faecal analysis. Primates, 50, 363–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nakamura, M. (2014). Discriminating Saba and Landolphia seeds from chimpanzee feces at Mahale. Pan Africa News, 21, 36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nakamura, M. and Itoh, N. (2015). Larger chimpanzee-dispersed seeds are elongated at Mahale, Tanzania: possible consequence of plant–disperser interaction? Journal of Tropical Ecology, 31, 183–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nishida, T. (1991). Primate gastronomy: cultural food preferences in nonhuman primate and origins of cuisine. In Chemical Senses. Vol. 4. Appetite and Nutrition, ed. Friedman, M. I., Tordoff, M. G., and Kare, M. R.. New York: Marcel Dekker, pp. 195209.Google Scholar
Nishida, T. (2001). [Learning from Animals’ “Feeding”.] Tokyo: Kagawa Nutrition Publishing Division. In Japanese.Google Scholar
Nishida, T. (2008). [The Societies of Chimpanzees.] Tokyo: Tōhō-shuppan. In Japanese.Google Scholar
Nishida, T. (2012). Chimpanzees of the Lakeshore: Natural History and Culture at Mahale. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Nishida, T. and Norikoshi, K. (n.d.a). The study of food on a basis of fecal analysis of the chimpanzees of the K-group and the M-group, June–November, 1975. Mahale Mountains Chimpanzee Research Project Ecological Report, 1.Google Scholar
Nishida, T. and Norikoshi, K. (n.d.b). The study of food on fecal analysis of the chimpanzees of the K-group and the M-group, December 1975–May 1976. Mahale Mountains Chimpanzee Research Project Ecological Report, 2.Google Scholar
Norikoshi, K. (2002). [Vegetation in the Kasoje area and the ranging pattern: changes during 20 years around the establishment of the national park.] In [The Mahale Chimpanzees: 37 Years of <Panthropology>], ed. Nishida, T., Uehara, S., and Kawanaka, K.. Kyoto: Kyoto University Press, pp. 101–28. In Japanese.Google Scholar
Poulsen, J. R., Clark, C. J., and Smith, T. B. (2001). Seed dispersal by a diurnal primate community in the Dja Reserve, Cameroon. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 17, 787808.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Suzuki, A. (1969). An ecological study of chimpanzees in a savanna woodland. Primates, 10, 103–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Takasaki, H. (1983). Seed dispersal by chimpanzees: a preliminary note. African Study Monographs, 3, 105–8.Google Scholar
Takasaki, H. and Uehara, S. (1984). Seed dispersal by chimpanzees: supplementary note 1. African Study Monographs, 5, 91–2.Google Scholar
Turner, L. A. (2006). Seed dispersal of a tropical forest tree, Pycnanthus angolensis (Myristricaceae) by chimpanzees in the Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania. Memoirs of the Faculty of Science Kyoto University (Series of Biology), 18, 3543.Google Scholar
Tutin, C. E. G. and Fernandez, M. (1993). Composition of the diet of chimpanzees and comparisons with that of sympatric lowland gorillas in the Lopé Reserve, Gabon. American Journal of Primatology, 30, 195211.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tutin, C. E. G., Williamson, E. A., Rogers, M. E., and Fernandez, M. (1991). A case study of a plant–animal relationship: Cola lizae and lowland gorillas in the Lopé Reserve, Gabon. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 7, 181–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wakibara, J. V. (2005). Abundance and dispersion of some chimpanzee-dispersed fruiting plants at Mahale, Tanzania. African Journal of Ecology, 43, 107–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wrangham, R. W., Chapman, C. A., and Chapman, L. J. (1994). Seed dispersal by forest chimpanzees in Uganda. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 10, 355–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

References

Bailey, T. N. (1993). The African Leopard: Ecology and Behavior of Solitary Felid. New York: Columbia University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blurton Jones, N. G. (1987). Tolerated theft, suggestions about the ecology and evolution of sharing, hoarding and scrounging. Social Science Information, 26, 3154.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boesch, C. (1994a). Chimpanzees-red colobus monkeys: a predator-prey system. Animal Behaviour, 47, 1135–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boesch, C. (1994b). Cooperative hunting in wild chimpanzees. Animal Behaviour, 48, 653–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boesch, C. and Boesch, H. (1989). Hunting behavior of wild chimpanzees in the Taï National Park. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 78, 547–73.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Boesch, C. and Boesch-Achermann, H. (2000). The Chimpanzees of the Taï Forest: Behavioural Ecology and Evolution. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bogart, S. L., Pruetz, J. D., and Kante, D. (2008). Fongoli chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus) eats banded mongoose (Mungos mungo). Pan Africa News, 15, 1517.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Busse, C. D. (1977). Chimpanzee predation as a possible factor in the evolution of red colobus monkey social organization. Evolution, 31, 907–11.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Busse, C. D. (1978). Do chimpanzees hunt cooperatively? The American Naturalist, 112, 767–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fourrier, M., Sussman, R.W., Kippen, R., and Childs, G. (2008). Demographic modeling of a predator–prey system and its implication for the Gombe population of Procolobus rufomitratus tephrosceles. International Journal of Primatology, 29, 497508.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fujimoto, M. and Shimada, M. (2008). Newly observed predation of wild birds by M-group chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) at Mahale, Tanzania. Pan Africa News, 15, 23–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gašperšič, M. and Pruetz, J. D. (2004). Predation on a monkey by savanna chimpanzees at Fongoli, Senegal. Pan Africa News, 11 (2), 810.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gilby, I. C. (2006). Meat sharing among the Gombe chimpanzees: harassment and reciprocal exchange. Animal Behaviour, 71, 953–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gilby, I. C. and Wrangham, R. W. (2007). Risk-prone hunting by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) increases during periods of high diet quality. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 61, 1771–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gilby, I. C., Eberly, L. E., Pintea, L., and Pusey, A. E. (2006). Ecological and social influences on the hunting behaviour of wild chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii. Animal Behaviour, 72, 169–80.Google Scholar
Gilby, I. C., Eberly, L. E., and Wrangham, R. W. (2008). Economic profitability of social predation among wild chimpanzees: Individual variation promotes cooperation. Animal Behaviour, 75, 351–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gilby, I. C., Emery Thompson, M., Ruane, J. D., and Wrangham, R.W. (2010). No evidence of short-term exchange of meat for sex among chimpanzees. Journal of Human Evolution, 59, 4453.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gomes, C. M. and Boesch, C. (2009). Wild chimpanzees exchange meat for sex on a long-term basis. PLoS ONE, 4, e5116.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goodall, J. (1963). Feeding behaviour of wild chimpanzees: a preliminary report. Symposium of the Zoological Society of London, 10, 3947.Google Scholar
Goodall, J. (1986). The Chimpanzees of Gombe: Patterns of Behavior. Cambridge, MA: Belknap.Google Scholar
Hasegawa, T., Hiraiwa, M., Nishida, T., and Takasaki, H. (1983). New evidence on scavenging behavior in wild chimpanzees. Current Anthropology, 24, 231–2.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hashimoto, C., Furuichi, T., and Tashiro, Y. (2000). Ant dipping and meat eating by wild chimpanzees in the Kalinzu Forest, Uganda. Primates, 41, 103–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hiraiwa-Hasegawa, M. (1990). Role of food sharing between mother and infant in the ontogeny of feeding behavior. In The Chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains. Sexual and Life History Strategies, ed. Nishida, T.. Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press, pp. 265–75.Google Scholar
Hiraiwa-Hasegawa, M. (1992). Cannibalism among non-human primates. In Cannibalism: Ecology and Evolution among Diverse Taxa, ed. Elgar, M. A. and Crespi, B. J.. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 323–38.Google Scholar
Hirata, S., Yamamoto, S., Takemoto, H., and Matsuzawa, T. (2010). A case report of meat and fruit sharing in a pair of wild bonobos. Pan Africa News, 17, 21–3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hockings, K. J., Humle, T., Anderson, J. R., et al. (2007). Chimpanzees share forbidden fruit. PLoS ONE, 2, e886.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hockings, K. J., Humle, T., Carvalho, S., and Matsuzawa, T. (2012). Chimpanzee interactions with nonhuman species in an anthropogenic habitat. Behaviour, 149, 299324.Google Scholar
Hosaka, K. (1998). [Predatory Behavior of Chimpanzees in the Mahale Mountains.] Doctoral Dissertation. Kyoto: Kyoto University. In Japanese.Google Scholar
Hosaka, K. (2002). [Hunting and meat-eating behavior.] In [The Mahale Chimpanzees: 37 Years of <Panthropology>], ed. Nishida, T., Uehara, S., and Kawanaka, K., Kyoto: Kyoto University Press, pp. 219–44. In Japanese.Google Scholar
Hosaka, K. and Nishida, T. (2010). Long-term changes in hunting behavior of the Mahale chimpanzees. International Primatological Society XXIII Congress Kyoto 2010, Abstracts, p. 337.Google Scholar
Hosaka, K., Nishida, T., Hamai, M., Matsumoto-Oda, A., and Uehara, S. (2001). Predation of mammals by the chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains, Tanzania. In All Apes Great and Small Vol. I: African Apes, ed. Galdikas, B. M. F., Briggs, N. E., Sheeran, L. K., Shapiro, G. L., and Goodall, J.. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, pp. 107–30.Google Scholar
Ihobe, H. (2000). [Red colobus vs. chimpanzees: predator-prey relationships among primates.] In [Primate Ecology: Dynamism between the Environment and Behavior], ed. Sugiyama, Y.. Kyoto: Kyoto University Press, pp. 6184. In Japanese.Google Scholar
Ihobe, H. (2001). Hunting attempt by chimpanzees on Abyssinian colobus at the Kalinzu Forest, Uganda. Pan Africa News, 8, 31–2.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Isaac, G. (1978). The food-sharing behavior of protohuman hominids. Scientific American, 238, 90108.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Itoh, N. and Nishida, T. (2007). Chimpanzee grouping patterns and food availability in Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania. Primates, 48, 8796.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kawanaka, K. (1982). Further studies on predation by chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains. Primates, 23, 364–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kuroda, S. (1984). Interaction over food among pygmy chimpanzees. In The Pygmy Chimpanzee: Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, ed. Sussman, R. L.. New York: Plenum, pp. 301–24.Google Scholar
van Lawick-Goodall, J. (1968). The behaviour of free-living chimpanzees in the Gombe Stream Reserve. Animal Behaviour Monographs, 1, 161312.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McGrew, W. C. (1975). Patterns of plant food sharing by wild chimpanzees. In Contemporary Biology, ed. Kondo, S., Kawai, M., and Ehara, A.. Basel, Switzerland: Karger, pp. 304–9.Google Scholar
McGrew, W. C. (1979). Evolutionary implications of sex differences in chimpanzee predations and tool use. In The Great Apes, ed. Hamburg, D. A. and McCown, E. R.. Menlo Park, CA: Benjamin/Cummings, pp. 441–63.Google Scholar
McGrew, W. C. and Feistner, A. T. C. (1992). Two nonhuman primate models for the evolution of human food sharing: chimpanzees and callitrichids. In The Adapted Mind: Evolutionary Psychology and the Generation of Culture, ed. Barkow, J. H., Cosmides, L., and Tooby, J.. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 229–43.Google Scholar
Mitani, J. C. and Watts, D. P. (1999). Demographic influences on the hunting behavior of chimpanzees. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 109, 439–54.3.0.CO;2-3>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mitani, J. C. and Watts, D. P. (2001). Why do chimpanzees hunt and share meat? Animal Behaviour, 61, 915–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morris, K. and Goodall, J. (1977). Competition for meat between chimpanzees and baboons of the Gombe National Park. Folia Primatologica, 28, 109–21.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Muller, M. N., Mpongo, E., Stanford, C. B., and Boehm, C. (1995). A note on scavenging by wild chimpanzees, Folia Primatologica, 65, 43–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nakamura, M. (1997). First observed case of chimpanzee. predation on yellow baboons (Papio cynocephalus) at the Mahale Mountains National Park. Pan Africa News, 4, 911.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nakamura, M. and Itoh, N. (2001). Sharing of wild fruits among male chimpanzees: Two cases from Mahale, Tanzania. Pan Africa News, 8, 2831.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Newton-Fisher, N. E., Notman, H., and Reynolds, V. (2002). Hunting of mammalian prey by Budongo Forest chimpanzees. Folia Primatologica, 73, 281–3.Google ScholarPubMed
Nishida, T. (1973). [The Children of the Mountain Spirits.] Tokyo: Chikuma-shobō. In Japanese.Google Scholar
Nishida, T. (1981). [The World of Wild Chimpanzees.] Tokyo: Chūkō-shinsho. In Japanese.Google Scholar
Nishida, T. and Hosaka, K. (2001). [Food-sharing in primates.] In [Hominization], ed. Nishida, T., Kyoto: Kyoto University Press, pp. 255302. In Japanese.Google Scholar
Nishida, T. and Turner, L. A. (1996). Food transfer between mother and infant chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania. International Journal of Primatology, 17, 947–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nishida, T., Uehara, S., and Nyundo, R. (1979). Predatory behavior among wild chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains. Primates, 20, 120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nishida, T., Hasegawa, T., Hayaki, H., Takahata, Y., and Uehara, S. (1992). Meat-sharing as a coalition strategy by an alpha male chimpanzee? In Topics in Primatology, Vol. 1: Human Origins, ed. Nishida, T., McGrew, W. C., Marler, P., Pickford, M., and de Waal, F. B. M.. Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press, pp. 159–74.Google Scholar
Nishie, H. (2004). Increased hunting of yellow baboons (Papio cynocephalus) by M group chimpanzees at Mahale. Pan Africa News, 11 (2), 1012.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nissen, H. W. and Crawford, M. P. (1936). A preliminary study of food-sharing behavior in young chimpanzees. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 22, 383419.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Noë, R. and Bshary, R. (1997). The formation of red colobus–diana monkey associations under predation pressure from chimpanzees. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 264, 253–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Norikoshi, K. (1983). Prevalent phenomenon of predation observed among wild chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains. Journal of Anthropological Society, Nippon, 91, 475–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ohashi, G. (2007). Papaya fruit sharing in wild chimpanzees at Bossou, Guinea. Pan Africa News, 14, 1416.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peterson, N. (1993). Demand sharing: reciprocity and the pressure for generosity among foragers. American Anthropologist, 95, 860–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pruetz, J. D. and Lindshield, S. (2012). Plant-food and tool transfer among savanna chimpanzees at Fongoli, Senegal. Primates, 53, 133–45.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pruetz, J. D. and Marshack, J. L. (2009). Savanna chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) prey on patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas) at Fongoli, Senegal. Pan Africa News, 16, 1517.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Silk, J. B. (1978). Patterns of food sharing among mother and infant chimpanzees at Gombe National Park, Tanzania. Folia Primatologica, 29, 129–41.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Slocombe, K. E. and Newton-Fisher, N. E. (2005). Fruit sharing between wild adult chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii): a socially significant event? American Journal of Primatology, 65, 385–91.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stanford, C. B., Mpongo, E., Wallis, J., and Goodall, J. (1994a). Hunting decisions in wild chimpanzees. Behaviour, 131, 118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stanford, C. B., Wallis, J., Matama, H., and Goodall, J. (1994b). Patterns of predation by chimpanzees on red colobus monkeys in Gombe National Park, 1982–1991. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 94, 213–28.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sugiyama, Y. (1981). Observations on the population dynamics and behavior of wild chimpanzees at Bossou, Guinea, in 1979–1980. Primates, 22, 435–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Takahata, Y., Hasegawa, T., and Nishida, T. (1984). Chimpanzee predation in the Mahale Mountains from August 1979 to May 1982. International Journal of Primatology, 5, 213–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Teelen, S. (2008). Influence of chimpanzee predation on the red colobus population at Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda. Primates, 49, 41–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Teleki, G. (1973). The Predatory Behavior of Wild Chimpanzees. Lewisburg, PA: Bucknell University Press.Google Scholar
Tutin, C. E. G. (1979). Mating patterns and reproductive strategies in a community of wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 6, 2938.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Uehara, S. (1986). Sex and group differences in feeding on animals by wild chimpanzees in the Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania. Primates, 27, 113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Uehara, S. (1997). Predation on mammals by the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). Primates, 38, 193214.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Uehara, S. and Ihobe, H. (1998). Distribution and abundance of diurnal mammals, especially monkeys, at Kasoje, Mahale Mountains, Tanzania. Anthropological Science, 106, 349–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Uehara, S., Nishida, T., Hamai, M., et al. (1992). Characteristics of predation by the chimpanzees in the Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania. In Topics in Primatology, Vol. 1: Human Origins, ed. Nishida, T., McGrew, W. C., Marler, P., Pickford, M., and de Waal, F. B. M.. Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press, pp. 143–58.Google Scholar
de Waal, F. B. M. (1989). Food sharing and reciprocal obligations among chimpanzees. Journal of Human Evolution, 18, 433–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
de Waal, F. B. M. (1997). The chimpanzee’s service economy: food for grooming. Evolution and Human Behavior, 18, 375–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watts, D. P. (2008). Scavenging by chimpanzees at Ngogo and the relevance of chimpanzee scavenging to early hominin behavioral ecology. Journal of Human Evolution, 54, 125–33.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Watts, D. P. and Mitani, J. C. (2002a). Hunting behavior of chimpanzees at Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda. International Journal of Primatology, 23, 128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watts, D. P. and Mitani, J. C. (2002b). Hunting and meat sharing by chimpanzees at Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda. In Behavioural Diversity in Chimpanzees and Bonobos, ed. Boesch, C., Hohmann, G., and Marchant, L. F.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 244–55.Google Scholar
White, F. J. (1994). Food sharing in wild pygmy chimpanzees, Pan paniscus. In Current Primatology Vol. II: Social Development, Learning and Behavior, ed. Roeder, J. J., Thierry, B., Anderson, J. R., and Herrenschmidt, N.. Strasbourg, France: Universite Louis Pasteur, pp. 110.Google Scholar
Wrangham, R.W. (1975). The Behavioral Ecology of Chimpanzees in Gombe National Park, Tanzania. Ph.D. thesis. Cambridge: Cambridge University.Google Scholar
Wrangham, R.W. and van Zinnicq Bergmann Riss, E. (1990). Rates of predation on mammals by Gombe chimpanzees, 1972–1975. Primates, 31, 157–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yu, L., Zogbila, B., and Matsuzawa, T. (2013). Newly observed bird consumption by a chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) at Bossou, Guinea, West Africa. Pan Africa News, 20, 810.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zamma, K. (2005). Rejecting a bit of meat to get more. Pan Africa News, 12, 810.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

References

Collins, D. A. and McGrew, W. C. (1987). Termite fauna related to differences in tool-use between groups of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Primates, 28, 457–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Connétable, S., Robert, A., and Bodereau, C. (2012). Dispersal flight and colony development in the fungus-growing termites Pseudacanthotermes spiniger and P. militaris. Insect Sociaux, 59, 269–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Corbara, B. and Dejean, A. (2000). Adaptive behavioral flexibility of the ant Pachycondyla analis (=Megaponera foetens) (Formicidae: Ponerinae) during prey capture. Sociobiology, 36, 465–83.Google Scholar
Deblauwe, I. and Janssens, P. J. (2008). New insight in insect prey choice by chimpanzees and gorillas in southeast Cameroon: the role of nutritional value. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 135, 4255.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fuse, M. (2013). Chimpanzees detect ant-inhabited dead branches and stems: a study of the utilization of plant–ant relationship in the Mahale Mountains, Tanzania. Primates, 54, 385–97.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goodall, J. (1986). The Chimpanzees of Gombe: Patterns of Behavior. Cambridge, MA: Belknap.Google Scholar
Hölldobler, B. and Wilson, E. O. (1990). Symbioses between ants and plants. In The Ants, ed. Hölldobler, B. and Wilson, E. O.. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, pp. 530–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Itani, J. (1964). [Animals of Africa.] Tokyo: Kawade-shobō. In Japanese.Google Scholar
Itani, J. (1977a). [The Chimpanzees.] Tokyo: Kōdan-sha. In Japanese.Google Scholar
Itani, J. (1977b). [Ethnozoology of the Batongwe.] In [The Natural History of Man], ed. Itani, J. and Harako, R.. Tokyo: Yūzan-kaku, pp. 441537. In Japanese.Google Scholar
Itani, J., Nishida, T., and Kakeya, M. (1973). [The Eastern Hinterland of Lake Tanganyika: Its Nature and People.] Tokyo: Chikuma-shobō. In Japanese.Google Scholar
Kawanaka, K. (1990). Age differences in ant-eating by adult and adolescent males. In The Chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains: Sexual and Life Strategies, ed. Nishida, T.. Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press, pp. 207–22.Google Scholar
Kiyono-Fuse, M. (2008). Use of wet hair to capture swarming termites by a chimpanzee in Mahale, Tanzania. Pan Africa News, 15, 812.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McGrew, W. C. (1992). Chimpanzee Material Culture: Implications for Human Evolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nishida, T. (1973). The ant-gathering behavior by the use of tools among wild chimpanzees of the Mahali Mountains. Journal of Human Evolution, 2, 357–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nishida, T. (2012). Chimpanzees of the Lakeshore: Natural History and Culture at Mahale. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Nishida, T. and Hiraiwa, M. (1982). Natural history of a tool-using behavior by wild chimpanzees in feeding upon wood-boring ants. Journal of Human Evolution, 11, 7399.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nishida, T. and Uehara, S. (1980). Chimpanzees, tools, and termites: another example from Tanzania. Current Anthropology, 21, 671–2.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nishida, T. and Uehara, S. (1983). Natural diet of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii): long-term record from the Mahale Mountains, Tanzania. African Study Monographs, 3, 109–30.Google Scholar
Nishie, H. (2011). Natural history of Camponotus ant-fishing by the M group chimpanzees at the Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania. Primates, 52, 329–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olotu, M. I., du Plessis, H., Segunic, Z. S., and Manianiaa, N. K. (2013). Efficacy of the African weaver ant Oecophylla longinoda (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the control of Helopeltis spp. (Hemiptera: Miridae) and Pseudotheraptus wayi (Hemiptera: Coreidae) in cashew crop in Tanzania. Pest Management Science, 69, 911–18.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
O’Malley, R. C. and Power, M. L. (2012). Nutritional composition of actual and potential insect prey for the Kasekela chimpanzees of Gombe National Park, Tanzania. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 149, 493503.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
O’Malley, R. C. and Power, M. L. (2014). The energetic and nutritional yields from insectivory for Kasekela chimpanzees. Journal of Human Evolution, 71, 4658.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Picker, M., Griffiths, C., and Weaving, A. (2004). Field Guide to Insects of South Africa. Cape Town: Struik.Google Scholar
Sakamaki, T., Nakamura, M., and Nishida, T. (2007). Evidence of cultural differences in diet between two neighboring unit groups of chimpanzees in Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania. Pan Africa News, 14, 35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sasaki, H. (2005). Tabanid flies (Dipterra: Tabanidae) of the Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania, East Africa. Journal of Rakuno Gakuen University, 30, 93–8.Google Scholar
Sasaki, H. and Nishida, T. (1999). Notes on the flies associated with wild chimpanzees at Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania, East Africa. Medical Entomology and Zoology, 50, 151–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schabel, H. G. (2006). Forest Entomology in East Africa: Forest Insects of Tanzania. Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Springer.Google Scholar
Schöning, C., Kinuthia, W., and Franks, N. R. (2005). Evolution of allometries in the worker caste of Dorylus army ants. OIKOS, 110, 231–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schöning, C., Humle, T., Möbius, Y., and McGrew, W. C. (2008). The nature of culture: technological variation in chimpanzee predation on army ants revisited. Journal of Human Evolution, 55, 4859.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Species File Software (online). http://help.speciesfile.org/index.php/Main_Page, accessed April 17, 2014.Google Scholar
Takahata, Y. (1982). Termite-fishing observed in the M group chimpanzees. Mahale Mountains Chimpanzee Research Project Ecological Report, 18.Google Scholar
Turner, L. A. (2006). Vegetation and chimpanzee ranging in the Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania. Memoirs of the Faculty of Science Kyoto University (Series of Biology), 18, 4582.Google Scholar
Uehara, S. (1982). Seasonal changes in the techniques employed by wild chimpanzees in the Mahale Mountains, Tanzania, to feed on termites (Pseudacanthotermes spiniger). Folia Primatologica, 37, 4476.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Uehara, S. (1986). Sex and group differences in feeding on animals by wild chimpanzees in the Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania. Primates, 27, 113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yusuf, A. A. (2010). Termite Raiding by the Ponerine Ant Pachycondyla analis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): Behavioral and Chemical Ecology. Ph.D. thesis. Pretoria, South Africa: University of Pretoria.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×