Etant un polynôme Φ ∊ R[X1 … ,Xn] à n indéterminés, Φ est dit de poids homogène m si

avec m =

Si E est un fibre vectoriel complexe de rang n (i.e., n est la dimension sur C de la fibre Ex) sur une variété differentiate orientée compacte M de dimension m, à tout polynôme Φ à n indéterminés de poids homogène m, on associe un nombre de Chern:

où [M] est le cycle fondamental défini par l'orientation de M et Ci(E) la ième classe de Chern de E. Dans le cas où le poids homogène de Φ est différent de la dimension de M, on pose: Φ(E, M) = 0.

In this paper, we wish to generalize the following lemma first proven by O. Zariski [5, Lemma 4]. Let O be a complete local ring containing the rational numbers and let m denote the maximal ideal of O. Assume there exists a derivation δ of O such that δ(x) is a unit in O for some x in m. Then O contains a ring O1 of representatives of the (complete local) ring O/Ox having the following properties: (a) δ is zero O1; (b) x is analytically independent over O1; (c) O is the power series ring O1[[x]]. In [4], A. Seidenberg used Zariski's lemma extensively to study conditions under which an affine algebraic variety V over a base field of characteristic zero is analytically a product along a given subvariety W of V. We should like to generalize Zariski's lemma by removing the condition that O contain the rationals. We could then get some conditions under which an arbitrary affine variety V would be analytically a product along a subvariety W.

Studies of torsion [2] and inflation [11] of Amitsur cohomology have primarily been concerned with module-finite faithful projective algebras. In this paper, our goal is to consider these topics for more general algebras. The fundamental tool, in case R is a domain with quotient field K, is the functor UK/U (defined in § 1), together with the monomorphic connecting map of Amitsur cohomology H1(S/R, UK/U) → H2(S/R, U) arising from a (commutative) flat R-algebra S and the unit functor U. This map was first considered in [10, Chapter IV, Theorem 1.6], where it was proved to be an isomorphism for certain étale faithfully flat algebras S in case R is an algebraic number ring with trivial Brauer group. In Corollary 1.5 it is shown, in the case of a module-finite faithful projective S over a regular domain R, that the connecting map is the kernel of the canonical homomorphism [8] from H2(S/R, U) to the split Brauer group B(S/R). As the latter map is often injective [8, Corollary 7.7], one might expect instances of vanishing of H1(S/R, UK/U) without assuming both R Noetherian and S module-finite R-projective. Much of § 1 (viz. (1.7)-(1.9)) is devoted to such examples.

From [2], we can derive a criterion for determining when an action of a Lie group on a locally compact space leads to a fiber bundle. Here, we present an equivalent criterion which can be stated purely in the language of actions of groups on spaces. This is Theorem I. Using this result, we are able to give a version of a result of Home [1] for dimensions greater than one. This is done in Theorem IV and Corollary IVA. In Theorem II, we show that if a vector semigroup acts on a space X, then whenever the map t ↦ tx is 1 — 1 from onto x, it is in fact a homeomorphism. Also, is a closed subset of X. This is also a version of a result in [1].

In [1] Arhangel'skiĭ announced that any σ-paracompact p-space could be mapped onto a Moore space by a perfect map. However Burke [3] recently showed that this is not true in general and he gave an example of a T2, locally compact, σ-paracompact space which cannot be mapped onto a Moore space by a perfect map.

In this paper we attempt to define the notion of normed Lie algebra by endowing the corresponding algebraic concept with topologicalmetric properties. More precisely, we define normed Lie algebras as being normed spaces possessing a Lie product, the latter satisfying a compatibility relation. It turns out that any normed algebra, in particular the algebra of continuous linear operators on a normed space, is a normed Lie algebra in the sense denned below, with the usual Lie product given by the additive commutator.

It seems that some algebraic features have within the framework of normed Lie algebras the natural topological extensions. We mention, for instance, the convergence of the well-known Campbell-Hausdorff formula. Let us also mention the occurence of a variant of the Kleinecke-Sirokov theorem, obtained via universal enveloping algebra, which might be unknown in this context.

Soit Ω une famille de valuations d'un corps commutatif K. Dénotons par , l'anneau de la valuation v, et Mv =, l'idéal maximal de l'anneau Rv. Soit l'anneau défini par la famille Ω; nous supposons toujours Ω tel que K soit le corps des fractions de R, et tel que Rv ≠ Rw dès que v ≠ w (v et w ∈ Ω).

Pour tout x ∈ K, posons et munissons Ω de la topologie la plus faible pour laquelle les VΩ(X) sont des ouverts. On dit que la famille Ω est à caractère compact (respectivement, fini) si pour chaque élément non nul x de K, VΩ(X) est quasi compact (respectivement, est un ensemble fini). S'il n'y a pas de confusion possible quant à la famille Ω, on écrit V(x) plutôt que VΩ(X).

In [3], the study of (p;q) radicals was initiated. In this paper, the integral polynomials p(x) and q(x) which determine the Jacobson radical are characterized and the Jacobson radical is shown to be the only semiprime (p;q) radical for which all fields are semisimple. Also, it is observed that the prime, nil, and Brown-McCoy radicals are not (p;q) radicals. To show that the semiprime (p;q) radicals are special and that they can be determined by subclasses of the class of primitive rings, a classification theorem for (p;q)-regular primitive rings is given. Finally, it is shown that the collection of semiprime (p;q) radicals and the collection of semiprime (p;1) radicals coincide.

Let D be the unit disk in the complex plane. Let p(z, z’) denote the hyperbolic distance between z and z’ in ((1 + u)/ (1 — u)) = tanh-1 u, [6, chapter 15]). Let W be the Riemann sphere with the chordal metric. A complex valued function F(Z) in D is a normal function if lor each pair of sequences {zn} and {zn’} of points in D such that the convergence of {(fzn)} to a value α in W implies the convergence of {f(zn’)} to α. Two sequences {zn} and {zn’} of points in D are called close sequences if ρ(zn, zn’) → 0. (There are several equivalent definitions of normality if the functions are meromorphic.) The definition of a normal function implies that a normal function is continuous at each point of D when using the Euclidean metric in the domain and the chordal metric in the range.

We wish to study the sums and products of normal functions. Some functions, such as a function in a Hardy p-class, p > 0, (or really any function of bounded characteristic) can be written as a sum or product of two normal functions, but sums and products of normal functions need not be normal (see Lappan [7]).

Hempel [6, Theorem 2] proved that if S is a tame 2-sphere in E3 and f is a map of E3 onto itself such that f|S is a homeomorphism and f(E3 - S) = E3- f(S), then f(S) is tame. Boyd [4] has shown that the converse is false; in fact, if S is any 2-sphere in E3, then there is a monotone map f of E3 onto itself such that f |S is a homeomorphism, f(E3 — S) = E3 — f(S), and f(S) is tame.

It is the purpose of this paper to prove that the corresponding converse for simple closed curves in E3 is also false. We show in Theorem 4 that if J is any simple closed curve in a closed orientable 3-manifold M3, then there is a monotone map f : M3 → S3 such that f |J is a homeomorphism, f(J) is tame and unknotted, and f(M3 - J) = S3 - f(J).

In Theorem 1 of § 2, we construct a cube-with-handles neighbourhood of a simple closed curve in an orientable 3-manifold.

In [7] Varadarajan denned the notion of a cyclic map f : A → X. The collection of all homotopy classes of such cyclic maps forms the Gottlieb subset G(A, X) of [A, X]. If A = S1 this reduces to the group G(X, X0) of Gottlieb [5]. We show that a cyclic map f maps ΩA into the centre of ΩX in the sense of Ganea [4]. If A and X are both suspensions, we then show that if f : A → X maps ΩA into the centre of ΩX, then f is cyclic. Thus for maps from suspensions to suspensions, Varadarajan's cyclic maps are just those maps considered by Ganea. We also define G (Σ4, ΣX) in terms of the generalized Whitehead product [1], This gives the computations for G(Sn+k, Sn) in terms of Whitehead products in π2n+k(Sn).

We work in the category of spaces with base points and having the homotopy type of countable CW-complexes. All maps and homotopies are with respect to base points. For simplicity, we shall frequently use the same symbol for a map and its homotopy class.

Let K be a field with an involution J. A *-algebra over K is an associative algebra A with an involution * satisfying (α.a)* = αJ.a*. A large class of examples may be obtained as follows. Let (V, φ) be an hermitian space over K consisting of a vector space V and a left hermitian (w.r.t. J) form φ on V which is nondegenerate in the sense that φ(V,v) = 0 implies v = 0. An endomorphism f of V may have an adjoint f* w.r.t. φ, defined by φ(f(u),v) = φ(u,f*(v)); due to the nondegeneracy of φ, f* is unique if it exists. The set B(V, φ) of all endomorphisms of V which do have an adjoint is easily verified to be a *-algebra.

In [4], Hofmann defines a locally compact group with zero as a Hausdorff locally compact topological semigroup, S, with a non-isolated point, 0, such that G = S — {0} is a group. He shows there that 0 is indeed a zero for 5, G is a locally compact topological group, and the identity of G is the identity of S. The author has investigated actions of such semigroups on locally compact spaces in [1; 2]. In this paper, we are investigating direct products of semigroups of the above type and actions of these products; for a special case of this, the reader is referred to [3].

Let Mm be a closed PL manifold of dimension m. Then a concordance between two PL-homeomorphisms h0, h1:M → M is a PL-homeomorphismH: M × I → M × I such that H|M × 0 = h0 and H|M × 1 = h. Concordance is an equivalence relation and in his paper [2], M. Kato classifies PL-homeomorphisms of Sp × Sq up to concordance. To do this he treats first the problem of classifying those homeomorphisms that induce the identity in homology, and then describes the automorphisms of the cohomology ring that can arise from homeomorphisms of Sp × Sq. In this paper we show that for sufficiently connected PL-manifolds that embed in codimension 1, one can extend Kato's classification of the homeomorphisms that induce the identity in homology.

Throughout the paper, X will denote a completely regular (Hausdorff) topological space and C(X) the R-algebra of all real-valued continuous functions on X. When this algebra carries the continuous convergence structure [1], we write CC(X). We note that CC(X)is a complete [5] convergence R-algebra [1].

Our description of normality reads as follows. A completely regular topological space X is normal if and only if CC(X)/J (endowed with the obvious quotient structure; see § 1) is complete for every closed ideal J ⊂ CC(X).

Every inverse semigroup containing a primitive idempotent is an ideal extension of a primitive inverse semigroup by another inverse semigroup. Consequently, in developing the theory of inverse semigroups, it is natural to study ideal extensions of primitive inverse semigroups (cf. [3; 7]). Since the structure of any primitive inverse semigroup is known, an obvious type of ideal extension to consider is that of one primitive inverse semigroup by another. In this paper, we will construct all such extensions and give an abstract characterization of the resulting semigroup.

The problem of extending one primitive inverse semigroup by another can be essentially reduced to that of extending one Brandt semigroup by another Brandt semigroup. The latter problem has been solved by Lallement and Petrich in [3] in case the first Brandt semigroup has only a finite number of idempotents.

Copeland [1] proved that if X is a CW complex then the set of homotopy classes of multiplications is in 1-1 correspondence with the loop [X ∧ X, X], But in general [X ∧ X, X] is very hard to compute.

Here we study the problem of finding how many different (up to homotopy) multiplications can be put on a space with finitely many non-vanishing homotopy groups. We reduce this problem to computing quotients of certain cohomology groups and to determining the primitive elements (Theorem 3.6). Our approach to this problem uses Postnikov decompositions and multiplier arguments.

One of the results of the theory of the irreducible representations of the unitary group in n dimensions Un is that these representations, if restricted to the subgroup Un-1 leaving a vector (let us say the unit vector e1 along the first coordinate axis) invariant, do not contain any irreducible representation of this Un-1 more than once (see [1, Chapter X and Equation (10.21)]; the irreducible representations of the unitary group were first determined by I. Schur in his doctoral dissertation (Berlin, 1901)). Some time ago, a criterion for this situation was derived for finite groups [3] and the purpose of the present article is to prove the aforementioned result for compact Lie groups, and to apply it to the theory of the representations of Un.

Let D be an integral domain with identity, and let R be a commutative ring. If n is a positive integer, R will be said to have property (n), (n)′, or (n)″ according as

property (n): For any x, y ∊ R, (x, y)n = (xn, yn).

property (n)′ : For any x ∊ R and any ideal A of R such that xn ∊ An, it follows that x ∊ A.

property (n)′ : For any ideals A, B of R, (A ∩ B)n = An ∩ Bn.

J. Ohm introduced property (n) in [7] in connection with the question: If n ≦ 2 and if D has property (n), must D be a Prüfer domain? (The integral domain D with identity is a Prüfer domain if each nonzero finitely generated ideal of D is invertible; equivalently, DP is a valuation ring for each proper prime ideal P of D.) Prior to Ohm's paper, it was known that if D has property (2) and if D is integrally closed, then D is Prüfer.

The author has recently shown [11] that the hyperspace of subcontinua of a solenoid is homeomorphic to the cone over that solenoid. This is an interesting result, for it is the first time that the hyperspace of subcontinua of a complicated space has been recognized. This homeomorphism, moreover, is the expected map; it maps the singletons onto the base of the cone and the point corresponding to the whole space onto the vertex of the cone. We say that spaces for which such natural homeomorphisms exist have the cone = hyperspace property. In the first section we prove the following theorem.