Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-22dnz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-26T15:17:44.207Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

5B - Contrast-enhanced carotid ultrasound and the unstable plaque

from 5 - Atherosclerotic carotid disease

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 May 2016

By
Edoardo Vicenzini
Edited by
László Csiba  and
Claudio Baracchini
László Csiba
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, Debreceni Egyetem, Hungary
Claudio Baracchini
Affiliation:
Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy
Get access

Summary

A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Manual of Neurosonology , pp. 64 - 78
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2016

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Gramiak, R, Shah, PM, Kramer, DH. Ultrasound cardiography: contrast studies in anatomy and function. Radiology. 1969;92:939–948.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Blomley, M, Cosgrove, D. Microbubble echo-enhancers: a new direction for ultrasound? Lancet. 1997;349:1855–1856.Google Scholar
Piscaglia, F, Bolondi, L. The safety of Sonovue in abdominal applications: retrospective analysis of 23188 investigations. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2006;32: 1369–1375.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jackobsen, J, Oyen, R, Thomsen, H, Morcos, S. Members of Contrast Media Safety Committee of European Society of Urogenital Radiology (ESUR). Safety of ultrasound contrast agents. Eur Radiol. 2005;5:941–945.Google Scholar
Feinstein, SB. The powerful microbubble: from bench to bedside, from intravascular indicator to therapeutic delivery system, and beyond. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2004;287:H450–457.Google Scholar
Rothwell, PM, Eliasziw, M, Gutnikov, SA, et al.; Carotid Endarterectomy Trialists’ Collaboration. Analysis of pooled data from the randomised controlled trials of endarterectomy for symptomatic carotid stenosis. Lancet. 2003;361:107–116.Google Scholar
Hennerici, MG. The unstable plaque. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2004; 17(Suppl 3):17–22.Google Scholar
Bartels, E. Color-Coded Duplex Ultrasound of the Cerebral Vessels. Atlas and Manual. Stuttgart: Schattauer; 1999.Google Scholar
Gray-Weale, AC, Graham, JC, Burnett, JR, Byrne, K, Lusby, RJ. Carotid artery atheroma: comparison of preoperative B-mode ultrasound appearance with carotid endarterectomy specimen pathology. J Cardiovasc Surg. 1988;29:676–681.Google Scholar
Biasi, GM, Sampaolo, A, Mingazzini, P, et al. Computer analysis of ultrasonic plaque echolucency in identifying high risk carotid bifurcation lesions. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 1999;17:476–479.Google Scholar
El-Barghouty, N, Gerulakos, G, Nicolaides, AN, Androulakos, A, Bahn, V. Computer assisted carotid plaque characterization. Eur J Vasc Endov Surg. 1995;9:389–393.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rothwell, PM, Gibson, R, Warlow, CP. Interrelation between plaque surface morphology and degree of stenosis on carotid angiograms and the risk of ischemic stroke in patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis. Stroke. 2000;31:615–621.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
de Bray, JM, Baud, JM, Dauzat, M. Consensus concerning the morphology and the risk of carotid plaques. Cerebrovasc Dis. 1997;7:289–296.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Widder, B, Paulat, K, Hackspacher, J, et al. Morphological characterization of carotid artery stenoses by ultrasound duplex scanning. Ultrasound Med Biol. 1990;16:349–354.Google Scholar
Hennerici, M, Meairs, S. Imaging arterial wall disease. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2000;10(suppl 5):9–20.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rauch, U, Bonderman, D, Bohrmann, B, et al. Transfer of tissue factor from leukocytes to platelets is mediated by CD15 and tissue factor. Blood. 2000;96:170–175.Google Scholar
Lenzi, GL, Vicenzini, E. The ruler is dead. An analysis of carotid plaque motion. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2007;23: 121–125.Google Scholar
Meairs, S, Hennerici, M. Four-dimensional ultrasonographic characterization of plaque surface motion in patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis. Stroke. 1999;30: 1807–1813.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ramnarine, KV, Hartshorne, T, Sensier, Y, et al. Tissue Doppler imaging of carotid plaque wall motion: a pilot study. Cardiovasc Ultrasound. 2003;1:17.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bang, J, Dahl, T, Bruinsma, A, et al. A new method for analysis of motion of carotid plaques from RF ultrasound images. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2003 29: 967–976.Google Scholar
Markus, HS, King, A, Shipley, M, et al. Asymptomatic embolisation for prediction of stroke in the Asymptomatic Carotid Emboli Study (ACES): a prospective observational study. Lancet Neurol. 2010;9:663–671.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mayor, I, Comelli, M, Vassileva, E, Burkhard, P, Sztajzel, R. Microembolic signals and carotid plaque morphology: a study of 71 patients with moderate or high grade carotid stenosis. Acta Neurol Scand. 2003;108:114–117.Google Scholar
Topakian, R, King, A, Kwon, SU, et al.; ACES Investigators. Ultrasonic plaque echolucency and emboli signals predict stroke in asymptomatic carotid stenosis. Neurology. 2011;77:751–758.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spagnoli, LG, Mauriello, A, Sangiorgi, G. Extracranial thrombotically active carotid plaque as a risk factor of ischemic stroke. JAMA. 2004;292: 1845–1852.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kumamoto, M, Nakashima, Y, Sueishi, K. Intimal neovascularization in human coronary atherosclerosis: its origin and pathophysiological significance. Hum Pathol. 1995;26:450–456.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mofidi, R, Crotty, TB, McCarthy, P, et al. Association between plaque instability, angiogenesis and symptomatic carotid occlusive disease. Br J Surg. 2001;88:945–950.Google Scholar
Fleiner, M, Kummer, M, Mirlacher, M, et al. Arterial neovascularization and inflammation in vulnerable patients: early and late signs of symptomatic atherosclerosis. Circulation. 2004;110:2843–2850.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dunmore, BJ, McCarthy, MJ, Naylor, AR, Brindle, NP. Carotid plaque instability and ischemic symptoms are linked to immaturity of microvessels within plaques. J Vasc Surg. 2007;45:155–159.Google Scholar
Bornstein, NM, Krajewski, A, Lewis, AJ, Norris, JW. Clinical significance of carotid plaque hemorrhage. Arch Neurol. 1990;47:958–959.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Warburton, L, Gillard, J. Functional imaging of carotid atheromatous plaques. J Neuroimaging. 2006; 16:293–301.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Feinstein, SB. Contrast ultrasound imaging of the carotid artery vasa vasorum and atherosclerotic plaque neovascularization. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;48: 236–243.Google Scholar
Purushothaman, KR, Sanz, J, Zias, E, Fuster, V, Moreno, PR. Atherosclerosis neovascularization and imaging. Curr Mol Med. 2006;6:549–556.Google Scholar
Vicenzini, E, Giannoni, MF, Puccinelli, F, et al. Detection of carotid adventitial vasa vasorum and plaque vascularization with ultrasound cadence contrast pulse sequencing technique and echo-contrast agent. Stroke. 2007;38:2841–2843.Google Scholar
Shah, F, Balan, P, Weinberg, M, et al. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging of atherosclerotic carotid plaque neovascularization: a new surrogate marker of atherosclerosis? Vasc Med. 2007;12:291–7.Google Scholar
Magnoni, M, Coli, S, Marrocco-Trischitta, MM, et al. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging of periadventitial vasa vasorum in human carotid arteries. Eur J Echocardiogr. 2009;10:260–64.Google Scholar
Vicenzini, E, Giannoni, MF, Benedetti-Valentini, F, Lenzi, GL. Imaging of carotid plaque angiogenesis. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2009;27(Suppl 2):48–54.Google Scholar
Giannoni, MF, Vicenzini, E. Focus on the “unstable” carotid plaque: detection of intraplaque angiogenesis with contrast ultrasound. Present state and future perspectives. Curr Vasc Pharmacol. 2009;7:180–184.Google Scholar
Giannoni, MF, Vicenzini, E, Citone, M, et al. Contrast carotid ultrasound for the detection of unstable plaques with neoangiogenesis: a pilot study. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2009;37:722–727.Google Scholar
Staub, D, Patel, MB, Tibrewala, A, et al. Vasa vasorum and plaque neovascularization on contrast-enhanced carotid ultrasound imaging correlates with cardiovascular disease and past cardiovascular events. Stroke. 2010;41:41–47.Google Scholar
Faggioli, GL, Pini, R, Mauro, R, et al. Identification of carotid “vulnerable plaque” by contrast-enhanced ultrasonography: correlation with plaque histology, symptoms and cerebral computed tomography. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2011;41:238–248.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Clevert, DA, Sommer, WH, Zengel, P, Helck, A, Reiser, M. Imaging of carotid arterial diseases with contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). Eur J Radiol. 2011;80:68–76.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shalhoub, J, Monaco, C, Owen, DR, et al. Late-phase contrast-enhanced ultrasound reflects biological features of instability in human carotid atherosclerosis. Stroke. 2011;42:3634–3636.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Clevert, DA, Paprottka, P, Sommer, WH, et al. The role of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in imaging carotid arterial diseases. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 2013;34:204–212.Google Scholar
Vicenzini, E, Giannoni, MF, Sirimarco, G, et al. Imaging of plaque perfusion using contrast-enhanced ultrasound – clinical significance. Perspect Med. 2012;1:44–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poppert, H, Vicenzini, E, Stock, K, Bartels, E. Plaque angiogenesis identification with Contrast Enhanced Carotid Ultrasonography: Statement of the Consensus after the 16th ESNCH Meeting – Munich, 20–23 May 2011. Perspectives in Medicine. 2012;1:51–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
European Carotid Surgery Trialists’ Collaborative Group. Randomised trial of endarterectomy for recently symptomatic carotid stenosis: final results of the MRC European Carotid Surgery Trial (ECST). Lancet. 1998;351:1379–1387.Google Scholar
North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial. Methods, patient characteristics, and progress. Stroke. 1991;22:711–720.Google Scholar
Sabeti, S, Schillinger, M, Mlekusch, W, et al. Quantification of internal carotid artery stenosis with duplex US: comparative analysis of different flow velocity criteria. Radiology. 2004;232:431–439.Google Scholar
Akkus, Z, Hoogi, A, Renaud, G, et al. New quantification methods for carotid intra-plaque neovascularization using contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2014;40:25–36.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
van den Oord, SC, Akkus, Z, Roeters van Lennep, JE, et al. Assessment of subclinical atherosclerosis and intraplaque neovascularization using quantitative contrast-enhanced ultrasound in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia. Atherosclerosis. 2013;231:107–113.Google Scholar
Hjelmgren, O, Holdfeldt, P, Johansson, L, et al. Identification of vascularised carotid plaques using a standardised and reproducible technique to measure ultrasound contrast uptake. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2013;46:21–28.Google Scholar
Molinari, F, Liboni, W, Pavanelli, E, et al. Accurate and automatic carotid plaque characterization in contrast enhanced 2-d ultrasound images. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2007:335–338.Google Scholar
Vavuranakis, M, Sigala, F, Vrachatis, DA, et al. Quantitative analysis of carotid plaque vasa vasorum by CEUS and correlation with histology after endarterectomy. Vasa. 2013;42:184–195.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×