The community composition of zooplankton with an emphasis on copepods was assessed in the frontal zones of the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean (SO) during summer 2013. Copepods were the dominant group in both the bongo net and multiple plankton sampler across the entire region. High zooplankton abundance was recorded along each transect in the Polar Front (PF). Community structure in this front was dominated by common taxa, including Ctenocalanus citer, Clausocalanus spp., Calanoides acutus, Calanus propinquus, Calanus australis and Rhincalanus gigas, which together accounted for > 62% of the total abundance. Calocalanus spp., Neocalanus tonsus and C. propinquus were indicator species in the Sub-Tropical Front (STF), Sub-Antarctic Front and PF, respectively. A strong contrast in population structure and biovolume was observed between then PF and the STF. The community structure of smaller copepods was associated with the high-temperature region, whereas communities of larger copepods were associated with the low-temperature region. Thus, it seems probable that physical and biological characteristics of the SO frontal regions are controlling the abundance and distribution of zooplankton community structure by restricting some species to the warmer stratified zones and some species to the well-mixed zone.

Livestock depredation by large carnivores is a global conservation challenge, and mitigation measures to reduce livestock losses are crucial for the coexistence of large carnivores and people. Various measures are employed to reduce livestock depredation but their effectiveness has rarely been tested. In this study, we tested the effectiveness of tall fences to reduce livestock losses to snow leopards Panthera uncia and wolves Canis lupus at night-time corrals at the winter camps of livestock herders in the Tost Mountains in southern Mongolia. Self-reported livestock losses at the fenced corrals were reduced from a mean loss of 3.9 goats and sheep per family and winter prior to the study to zero losses in the two winters of the study. In contrast, self-reported livestock losses in winter pastures, and during the rest of the year, when herders used different camps, remained high, which indicates that livestock losses were reduced because of the fences, not because of temporal variation in predation pressure. Herder attitudes towards snow leopards were positive and remained positive during the study, whereas attitudes towards wolves, which attacked livestock also in summer when herders moved out on the steppes, were negative and worsened during the study. This study showed that tall fences can be very effective at reducing night-time losses at corrals and we conclude that fences can be an important tool for snow leopard conservation and for facilitating the coexistence of snow leopards and people.

Let $F$ be a non-Archimedean local field, $G$ a connected reductive group defined and split over $F$ , and $T$ a maximal $F$ -split torus in $G$ . Let $\unicode[STIX]{x1D712}_{0}$ be a depth-zero character of the maximal compact subgroup $T$ of $T(F)$ . This gives by inflation a character $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}$ of an Iwahori subgroup $\unicode[STIX]{x2110}\subset T$ of $G(F)$ . From Roche [Types and Hecke algebras for principal series representations of split reductive $p$ -adic groups, Ann. Sci. Éc. Norm. Supér. (4) 31 (1998), 361–413], $\unicode[STIX]{x1D712}_{0}$ defines a reductive $F$ -split group $\widetilde{G}^{\prime }$ whose connected component $G^{\prime }$ is an endoscopic group of $G$ , and there is an isomorphism of $\mathbb{C}$ -algebras $\unicode[STIX]{x210B}(G(F),\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C})\rightarrow \unicode[STIX]{x210B}(\widetilde{G}^{\prime }(F),1_{\unicode[STIX]{x2110}^{\prime }})$ where $\unicode[STIX]{x210B}(G(F),\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C})$ is the Hecke algebra of compactly supported $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}^{-1}$ -spherical functions on $G(F)$ and $\unicode[STIX]{x2110}^{\prime }$ is an Iwahori subgroup of $G^{\prime }(F)$ . This isomorphism gives by restriction an injective morphism $\unicode[STIX]{x1D701}:Z(G(F),\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C})\rightarrow Z(G^{\prime }(F),1_{\unicode[STIX]{x2110}^{\prime }})$ between the centers of the Hecke algebras. We prove here that a certain linear combination of morphisms analogous to $\unicode[STIX]{x1D701}$ realizes the transfer (matching of strongly $G$ -regular semi-simple orbital integrals). If $\operatorname{char}(F)=p>0$ , our result is unconditional only if $p$ is large enough.

Bell pepper or sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L. var. grossum) is highly susceptible to high-temperature stress (HT). Hence, search for donor across C. annuum for HT tolerance was undertaken by following Temperature Induction Response (TIR) technique. The induction and challenging temperature requirement for TIR screening were standardized in 1 d-old Capsicum seedlings. Forty Capsicum genotypes were evaluated based on the recovery growth (RG) and per cent reduction in recovery growth (%RRG) of the seedlings. The genotypes Punjab Guchhedar and Ajeet 1 were found to have maximum cellular level tolerance (CLT) to HT with higher RG and lower %RRG compared to the non-induced seedlings and HDC 75 was found to have minimum CLT. In order to confirm the findings, another experiment was conducted under managed stress and control conditions. Absolute yield obtained from both the environments were used to calculate stress tolerance indices such as heat susceptibility index, tolerance index, stress tolerance index, mean productivity, geometric mean productivity and yield stability index. Based on these tolerance indices, Punjab Guchhedar and Ajeet 1 were found to be highly tolerant and HDC 75 as highly susceptible. Further, the combined result of TIR and tolerance indices also gave the same result confirming Punjab Guchhedar and Ajeet 1 can be used as a donor for the future breeding programme aimed at evolving high-temperature-tolerant bell pepper cultivars. The result also confirms the fitness of TIR technique to screen Capsicum genotypes for tolerance to HT based on variability in acquired thermotolerance.