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5856 results in Facet Publishing

Page 67 of 293

  • Country Information

  • Heather Dawson
  • Book:
    A-Z Common Reference Questions for Academic Librarians
    Published by:
    Facet
    Published online:
    19 March 2020
    Print publication:
    31 May 2019, pp 74-74

  • Summary

    Typical questions

    • • Where can I get a copy of the flag of Norway?

    • • What is the population of Wales?

    Starting points

    • • Many students use Wikipedia to find basic facts and figures. Sometimes sources can be biased or out of date. When using Wikipedia entries, always advise exploring the linked references to consult the original source.

    • • This section focuses on academic sources which cover general economic, social and political facts. Other detailed rankings of nations can be found in the Human Rights, Population and Development Studies chapters. There is also a separate Maps chapter.

    Recommended resources

    CIA World Factbook [Basic]

    www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook

    Annual publication providing factual information about the history, population, government, economy, geography, communications and military of over 267 nations. Includes maps, images of flags and some comparative ranking tables.

    Economist Intelligence Unit Country Reports (Subscription) [Specialist]

    www.eiu.com

    Established in 1946. Comprehensive analysis and forecasts of political, economic conditions and policy for over 180 nations worldwide.

    Library of Congress Country Studies [Basic]

    www.loc.gov/collections/country-studies

    This series was published by the Federal Research Division of the United States Library of Congress to provide members of the public with background information on the history, social, economic, political and national security systems of individual nations. Note, due to limited funding many editions have not been updated since 2000 so dates should be checked carefully. However, all contain useful facts on history.

  • Courses and Qualifications

  • Heather Dawson
  • Book:
    A-Z Common Reference Questions for Academic Librarians
    Published by:
    Facet
    Published online:
    19 March 2020
    Print publication:
    31 May 2019, pp 75-78

  • Summary

    Typical questions

    • • What grades do I need to get to study medicine at university?

    • • Are there any free online courses covering coding?

    Starting points

    • • It is very easy to find websites offering lists of courses. However, many are designed to sell their own services! Always remember to check carefully their origins and currency. The list of resources below will direct you to accredited academic sources. There are separate sections on applying to university and online courses.

    • • Find out what type of information is needed, e.g. full-time or part-time courses, level of study, location and subject area.

    • • Remember that universities have their own admissions departments. If information is required about entry to a specific course, students should be referred directly to the academic department concerned. Those requiring more general careers information about the suitability of certain courses for entry into a profession may find it useful to consult the local university careers advisory service and/or the professional association concerned. Listings of key organisations can be found in each of the subject sections of this book.

    • • Many students now use university rankings to help make decisions about where to apply. Some of the most well-known ones are listed in a sub-section below. However, students should be advised to check methodology and coverage carefully.

    Recommended resources

    Applying to university

    Student Room [Basic]

    www.thestudentroom.co.uk

    Online forum designed to enable students to offer peer-support on all aspects of study from applying to university to revising and coping with stress. Ask questions and get useful insights from actual university students.

    Which? University [Basic]

    university.which.co.uk

    Excellent free resource from the publishers of Which? magazine. In addition to the university course guide, it also has advice on student finance, a tool to help with writing personal statements and guidance on A level subject choices.

    UCAS [Basic]

    www.ucas.ac.uk

    The Universities and College Admissions Service. This organisation administers the UK's centralised undergraduate admissions service. Its website covers far more than just applications; it also offers advice on when and how to apply for undergraduate and postgraduate study. Also offers a guide to alternatives to university.

    UK Course Finder

    www.ukcoursefinder.com

    Searchable database of courses in the UK and some overseas. Contains some advice and links to subscription-based psychometric careers tests to aid subject choice.

  • Accountancy

  • Heather Dawson
  • Book:
    A-Z Common Reference Questions for Academic Librarians
    Published by:
    Facet
    Published online:
    19 March 2020
    Print publication:
    31 May 2019, pp 1-4

  • Summary

    Typical questions

    • • What are Accounting Standards?

    • • Where can I find out about social accounting?

    Starting points

    • • Students may follow professional or academic accountancy courses. AAT and other vocational courses often require practical examples of accounting and bookkeeping practice, whereas degree level researchers seek to develop a more critical understanding of theory.

    • • Professional course students are often mature, part-time and/or distance learners. They can lack time, familiarity with academic databases and access to resources. Therefore, they may require more support in navigating information resources.

    • • Specialist terminology can often be difficult to understand. Many commercial websites appear to offer quick solutions to questions. Try to direct users to accredited resources. Good starting points are the main professional bodies listed in the organisations sub-section as they offer guidance and accredited study materials. Public libraries with business studies sections may also offer free access to relevant sources.

    • • Students seeking journal articles may also find it useful to consult the resources listed in the Economics and Business Studies chapters. This is particularly relevant for those considering questions relating to ethics and the impact of technology upon accounting practices.

    Recommended resources

    Key organisations

    The Association of Accounting Technicians (AAT) [Basic]

    www.aat.org.uk

    Professional membership body, offering skills-based accountancy and finance qualifications. Website has details of courses and news.

    Association of Certified & Corporate Accountants (ACCA)

    www.accaglobal.com

    Global organisation which offers the Chartered Certified Accounting qualification. Website has large selection of resources for students including syllabuses, sample exam papers and study guides.

    Chartered Institute of Management Accountants (CIMA) [Specialist]

    www.cimaglobal.com

    Founded in 1919. The world's largest professional body of management accountants. Its website has careers, CPD and specialist information.

    Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales (ICAEW) [Specialist]

    www.icaew.com

    Leading professional body for chartered accountants. Website includes advice for students on chartering. Also available are news stories, job listings and a directory of accredited ICAEW firms.

    International Federation of Accountants

    www.ifac.org

    Global organisation for the accountancy profession. Its website enables students to keep up to date with international trends using its gateway to accountancy news, events and recent research articles.

    Libraries

    ICAEW Library

    www.icaew.com/en/library

    Specialist library of the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales with the world's largest collection of historic accounting and finance books, plus extensive holdings of current books and journals. Website offers free access to excellent guides on accounting research.

  • European Union

  • Heather Dawson
  • Book:
    A-Z Common Reference Questions for Academic Librarians
    Published by:
    Facet
    Published online:
    19 March 2020
    Print publication:
    31 May 2019, pp 140-143

  • Summary

    Typical questions

    • • Where can I find information on border control in the EU?

    • • I need to find a COM document from 2009.

    Starting points

    • • One of the most difficult problems is the complexity of EU information. There are multiple bodies and websites. Added complications are that the Council of Europe is different from the EU and not all European nations are members of the EU! In most cases, library staff can offer only general advice to key starting points – specialist legal consultants should be consulted on complex issues. If local experts are not available, try consulting the websites of the key organisations.

    • • Increasing amounts of information by and about the EU is available on the internet, however many websites are created by organisations lobbying for or against integration so remind students to evaluate resources carefully. This chapter highlights key academic resources. These include primary sources produced by the EU (laws, treaties and documents) and secondary materials (commentary in articles and books about the EU). Other related chapters where commentary can be found include the general Law chapter, International Relations and Political Science.

    Recommended resources

    Key organisations – scholarly associations

    Use these websites to locate news on new publications, conferences and academic research.

    European Union Studies Association

    www.eustudies.org

    Major international organisation covering all aspects of EU studies. Membership in North American and Europe. Provides useful links to recommended blogs and some full text recent conference papers.

    UACES

    www.uaces.org

    Largest association for academic study of contemporary Europe. Website includes free access to articles from JCER: Journal for Contemporary European Research, feeds from recommended academic blogs and a large graduate student forum.

    Key organisations – government

    Countries that are members of the EU usually have local European Commission representation. A central directory is provided on the official website:

    ec.europa.eu/info/about-european-commission/contact/local-offices- eu-member-countries

    In addition, use the websites of national parliaments and governments to locate the relevant foreign ministries and parliamentary committees as these often contain reports and minutes of meetings with critical commentary.

    Libraries

    European Commission Library

    ec.europa.eu/libraries

    The website provides free access to the catalogue, which contains references to books, journal articles and reports. They include increasing amounts of full text materials covering recent EU policies and law. Older materials may be available in print only. For information about national EU information points, consult the directory: europa.eu/european-union/contact.

  • Literature Searching

  • Heather Dawson
  • Book:
    A-Z Common Reference Questions for Academic Librarians
    Published by:
    Facet
    Published online:
    19 March 2020
    Print publication:
    31 May 2019, pp 229-232

  • Summary

    Typical questions

    • • How can I find materials for my dissertation?

    • • What has been published on equal pay in the last 5 years?

    Starting points

    • • There are several types of literature search. Systematic searches try to locate all the information written on a specific topic, other studies are intended to be quicker and less comprehensive. Find out the purpose of the search and the types of resources required – e.g. do they need to find theses? Statistical data? Or just books and articles?

    • • Students need to conduct literature reviews to search for materials for their dissertations. Many need assistance on how to find items that are not on a reading list. Some students may simply have clicked through to full text items from online reading list systems and not be familiar with the basic library catalogue. In these circumstances, advice will be required on constructing search terms.

    • • Researchers and academic staff need to conduct a literature review before undertaking a new project in order to examine what has been written before. This is usually a more comprehensive review.

    Stages in the literature review process

    • • Defining the research question – setting the scope and parameters of the search. This can be one of the most difficult things for inexperienced students. If a question is too broad, it can become too difficult to answer! For academic purposes, questions often need to be analytical rather than descriptive, so they will need to identify relevant writers, theories and concepts to explore. In order to do this, it is a good idea to undertake some background reading to develop and refine ideas. Referring to course reading lists, subject dictionaries, encyclopedias and examples of previous dissertations can help. Making a list of key ideas and concepts is a good idea. It can also help narrow down the date range, geographical information and type of information required. This can be further refined later in the research process.

    • • Choosing the search tools/databases to search. It is helpful to consider the types of materials needed as locating them may require the use of other tools beyond the library catalogue.

  • History

  • Heather Dawson
  • Book:
    A-Z Common Reference Questions for Academic Librarians
    Published by:
    Facet
    Published online:
    19 March 2020
    Print publication:
    31 May 2019, pp 171-177

  • Summary

    Typical questions

    • • What is a primary source?

    • • What has been written recently on the Boer War?

    Starting points

    • • History is a vast topic. Try to discover which time period, geographical region or aspect (e.g. economic, social or political) is required.

    • • Historians need to consult both primary and secondary sources in their research. Primary source materials provide first-hand accounts of historical events. They include artefacts, manuscripts, diaries, maps, photographs, government documents and contemporary newspaper reports. Secondary sources offer synthesis and interpretation of historical events. Examples include textbooks, journal articles and encyclopedias. Students can be confused by this distinction. Particular help is often required in locating primary sources. Key starting points for this are the resources in the Archives, Government and Parliamentary Publications, Maps and Images and Photographs chapters. The Freedom of Information chapter offers advice on requests for the declassification of government papers.

    • • Growing numbers of primary resources are being made freely available on the internet. However, students should always verify provenance before use. Good examples can be found on the websites of museums, archives and national libraries.

    • • This section cannot offer detailed guidance on every aspect of history. Instead it concentrates on a number of key starting points that students should explore in more detail. Other relevant chapters are: Economic History; Biographical Information (for researching the lives of famous people); Population and Demography (for census information); International Relations and International Security, which cover historic conflicts.

    Recommended resources

    Key organisations – UK

    Use these websites to trace news, events listings, project updates and reviews of new publications and electronic resources.

    Arts and Humanities Research Council [Specialist]

    ahrc.ukri.org

    Major funding body. Key resource for tracing information on applying for grants and browsing information on recent award holders.

    British Association for Local History

    www.balh.co.uk

    Excellent education section with suggestions for teachers. Non-members can access news and back issues of its journals.

    Federation of Family History Societies

    www.familyhistoryfederation.com

    Designed for members of the public to get information about family history research, listing courses and events.

    Historical Association

    www.history.org.uk

    Seeks to promote history education at school, adult and HE level. Website has sections for teachers and learners with articles, podcasts and advice. Some are restricted to members only. Non-members can get some free access to articles from its key publications including Primary History, Teaching History and The Historian.

  • Management

  • Heather Dawson
  • Book:
    A-Z Common Reference Questions for Academic Librarians
    Published by:
    Facet
    Published online:
    19 March 2020
    Print publication:
    31 May 2019, pp 233-235

  • Summary

    Typical questions

    • • I want to trace some articles by Peter Drucker.

    • • I need an introduction to Six Sigma management.

    Starting points

    • • Management can be both a theoretical and practical subject. Check what type of information is required.

    • • A common query is case studies. These can be difficult to locate as internet searches for management topics often retrieve commercial websites of varying quality. This section guides students to established resources. Other useful starting points are the journal article databases listed in the Business Studies chapter as these also index management titles and many allow searches to be limited by a specific resource type. Students of HR management may also find it helpful to consult the Psychology journal article indexes as these include organisational psychology. Be aware that classes can purchase case studies for course packs so do ask students to check their VLES in case they are already available there!

    Recommended resources

    Key organisations – scholarly

    British Academy of Management

    www.bam.ac.uk

    Supports the academic study of management. Its website is useful for keeping up to date with research. It includes links to special interest research groups, tables of contents from its journals and conference news.

    Academy of Management

    www.aomonline.org

    Leading international organisation founded in 1936. Free access to current awareness resources, including conference listings, newsletters and some open access journal articles. Access to complete full text is for members only.

    International Federation of Scholarly Associations of Management

    www.ifsam.org

    News and conference listings relating to the research and teaching of management studies worldwide.

    Key organisations – professional bodies

    Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development

    www.cipd.co.uk

    Leading human resources organisation. Website provides free access to news, blogs, student resources, surveys of HR professionals and articles on practical management issues. Additional online courses and journals are offered to subscribers only.

    Chartered Management Institute

    www.managers.org.uk

    Provides training and support for practicing managers. Website includes news, events, policy papers and career guidance. Members can access full text journal articles.

    American Management Association

    www.amanet.org

    Major organisation offering support, job listings and training. Excellent library of free resources, including podcasts and video content covering HR, leadership and project management.

  • Human Rights

  • Heather Dawson
  • Book:
    A-Z Common Reference Questions for Academic Librarians
    Published by:
    Facet
    Published online:
    19 March 2020
    Print publication:
    31 May 2019, pp 178-182

  • Summary

    Typical questions

    • • Where is same-sex marriage illegal?

    • • I need to find materials relating to transitional justice.

    Starting points

    • • The study of human rights often involves consultation of legal documents. These can be difficult to trace as a multitude of different national, international and temporary tribunals and courts exist. Try to find out as much as possible about the source. This chapter offers key starting points. Other sources can be found in the Law, Treaties, United Nations and International Organisations chapters.

    • • Documents from international civil and human rights organisations and non-governmental charities are also key. Be aware that many of these can now be accessed in full text via the internet. They are often not indexed in individual library catalogues. Students can consult the sources listed in this chapter and those in the Grey Literature chapter to trace them.

    Recommended resources

    Key organisations – government

    Equality and Human Rights Commission

    www.equalityhumanrights.com

    UK government body. Access government strategy documents, plus other research reports relating to the situation in Britain.

    Key organisations – international

    African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights

    www.achpr.org

    Established in 1986 by the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights. Use its website to find reports relating to human rights across Africa. These include cases and country reports.

    Council of Europe

    www.coe.int/en/web/human-rights-rule-of-law/home

    Directorate General of Human Rights. Note this is a separate body from the EU. Provides information on the application of the European Convention on Human Rights. Free online access to reports monitoring compliance with the rule of law in member nations.

    European Union

    www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/human-rights

    Produces annual reports on the state of human rights and democratisation in EU nations. Back issues are available via the website. Also accessible is the full text of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union and other legal and policy documents.

    Organization of American States (OAS)

    www.oas.org/en/topics/human_rights.asp

    Provides information on its work in North, South and Central America. Includes materials from the Inter-American Court of Human Rights and Inter-American Commission on Human Rights.

    Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE)

    www.osce.org/human-rights

    Regional security organisation comprising members from Europe, North America and Asia. Includes as part of its remit monitoring of human rights issues relating to human trafficking, media freedom and minority rights in OSCE nations.

  • Engineering

  • Heather Dawson
  • Book:
    A-Z Common Reference Questions for Academic Librarians
    Published by:
    Facet
    Published online:
    19 March 2020
    Print publication:
    31 May 2019, pp 127-130

  • Summary

    Typical questions

    • • Where can I get recent articles on life-cycle assessment?

    • • I want to get information on semiconductor devices.

    Starting points

    • • The term engineering covers a wide range of different subject areas, including chemical, civil and electrical engineering. Those interested in chemical engineering may also benefit from consulting the Science chapter; electrical engineers the Computer Science chapter. Other relevant chapters include Mathematics, Standards and Legislation.

    • • The complexity of the subject area means that this chapter can only offer a brief introduction. Users should explore the key organisations’ resources to find more detailed guides to specific sub-fields of engineering.

    Recommended resources

    Key organisations

    Use these websites to trace essential information about the specific sub-field. Each has careers advice for students, plus lists of forthcoming events, training courses and conferences. The organisations also possess specialist libraries where you can find information on books and journals. Most library catalogues can be searched online and often provide free access to abstracts of journal articles.

    American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE)

    www.asee.org

    This website has many useful examples of newsletters and blogs designed for engineering students and lecturers.

    Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)

    epsrc.ukri.org

    Main UK government agency for funding teaching and research in this subject area. Its website is an excellent place for keeping up to date with information on applying for grants and the latest research awards. Extensive and useful section for doctoral students on available training and funding.

    Institution of Chemical Engineers (IChemE)

    www.icheme.org

    The Institution of Chemical Engineers is an international professional membership association. Site includes information on its leading publication the Chemical Engineer.

    Institution of Civil Engineers

    www.ice.org.uk

    The website has an extensive education section with careers and curriculum resources for school and university students. It also provides access to its library catalogue. Non-members can use this to find references to books, journals and recommended websites. Access to full text is for members only.

    Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET)

    www.theiet.org

    Leading international organisation whose coverage includes electrical engineering. Its website provides free access to a wealth of resources including fact files on scientific topics for the general public, teachers’ resources and information about its specialist library resources.

  • Maps

  • Heather Dawson
  • Book:
    A-Z Common Reference Questions for Academic Librarians
    Published by:
    Facet
    Published online:
    19 March 2020
    Print publication:
    31 May 2019, pp 236-238

  • Summary

    Typical questions

    • • I need to get maps of current local authority boundaries in London.

    • • What is a Landranger map?

    Starting points

    • • Students may need advice on map reading – interpreting features, symbols and scales. This instruction is usually provided on the websites of national mapping services such as Ordnance Survey.

    • • Other commons questions relate to locating maps for specific regions. Always ensure that they check size, scale and the date as boundaries can change!

    • • Increasing numbers of maps are being digitised and are available free online. Good starting points are the map libraries listed here. However, remember that printed resources may also need to be consulted especially for older materials. These are usually available in the main map libraries.

    • • Copyright can also be a problem. See the Copyright chapter for advice.

    • • Specialist GIS websites are listed in the Geography chapter.

    Recommended resources

    Map libraries

    British Cartographic Society

    www.cartography.org.uk/map-collections

    Maintains a useful directory of UK map library collections.

    British Library

    www.bl.uk/subjects/maps

    Extensive national collection of current and historic maps of all regions of the world. Website provides access to the catalogue, study guides and wonderful examples of digital maps from its collections.

    Library of Congress

    www.loc.gov/maps/collections

    Free access to a wealth of historic online map collections from this world famous library. Many can be viewed online with associated teaching materials.

    Study guides

    Map reading – Ordnance Survey [Basic]

    www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/resources/map-reading

    Top tips, printed guides and videos on reading maps and understanding their symbols from Britain's national mapping agency.

    Gazetteers

    Often referred to as geographic dictionaries. Use them to find co-ordinates and descriptions of places.

    Gazetteer of British Place Names

    www.gazetteer.co.uk

    Free access to this extensive list created by the Association of British Counties. Find information on the county, administrative district and map location of specific places. Includes information about historic name changes. Further details can be located on the Historic Counties Trust website (www.historiccountiestrust.co.uk).

    NGA GEOnet Names Server (GNS)

    geonames.nga.mil/gns/html

    Provides free access to the US National Imagery and Mapping Agency's (NIMA) database of foreign (i.e. non-US) approved names of places.

    Online maps – world

    Digimap (Subscription) [Specialist]

    edina.ac.uk/digimap

    Specialist service hosted by EDINA for the UK higher education community. A range of products is offered. The original emphasis was on the UK with access to Ordnance Survey and land use maps, however this has been recently expanded. Includes both current, historic and GIS resources.

  • Biology

  • Heather Dawson
  • Book:
    A-Z Common Reference Questions for Academic Librarians
    Published by:
    Facet
    Published online:
    19 March 2020
    Print publication:
    31 May 2019, pp 38-40

  • Summary

    Typical questions

    • • I need to research natural selection.

    • • Where can I find a renal blood flow diagram?

    Starting points

    • • Biology is a large field of study and can include the study of plant and animal organisms, as well as human - so it is necessary to ask what is required!

    • • Students may need access to Latin dictionaries and advice on interpreting graphs and preparing quantitative data. Other common queries relate to finding diagrams and images. Relevant chapters in this book include: Dictionaries and Encyclopedias; Journal Articles (Science sub-section) and Medicine and Nursing (Images sub-section).

    Recommended resources

    Key organisations

    Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) [Specialist]

    bbsrc.ukri.org

    Leading UK funding agency supporting research and innovation. Find details of cutting edge research, conference listings and advice on how to apply for funding. Explore the links to find specialist biology data-sharing websites supported by the BBSRC.

    Royal Society of Biology

    www.rsb.org.uk

    Leading voice of biology in the UK. Advises the government on policy, provides professional development for scientists and supports biology education for the public. Website has news stories, conference and events lists, free online policy papers and a large section with educational resources for teachers.

    International Union of Biological Sciences (IUBS)

    www.iubs.org

    Established in 1919. Covers all fields of biology. Its website is a good source of information on international conferences. Also includes details about its publications.

    Study guides

    ActionBioscience [Basic]

    www.actionbioscience.org

    Educational resource created by the American Institute of Biological Sciences. Includes articles, free posters and resources for teachers at secondary school and undergraduate level. Topics covered include biodiversity, evolution and genomics.

    ARKive [Basic]

    www.arkive.org

    An initiative of non-profit organisation Wildscreen, which provides free access to stunning photographs and online films about endangered animals and plants. Each entry has a fact file and links to further reading. The site has lesson plans for teachers and online games for children.

    Catalogue of Life

    www. catalogueoflife.org

    Comprehensive and authoritative global index of species. Includes scientifically accepted names, taxonomic hierarchies and distribution maps.

    Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) [Basic]

    eol.org

    Free online source supported by the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of Natural History. Entries are being added on global species of flora and fauna and biodiversity. Articles contain maps, multimedia and references to further reading.

  • 5 - People and partnerships, skills and knowledge

    • By Carolynn Rankin, is currently a Visiting Fellow in the Faculty of Arts, Environment, and Technology at Leeds Beckett University, Avril Brock, She has worked in higher education since 1989 at Bradford Collegeand Leeds Metropolitan University, having been a deputy head, primary and early years teacher in West Yorkshire
  • Edited by Carolynn Rankin, Avril Brock
  • Book:
    Library Services from Birth to Five
    Published by:
    Facet
    Published online:
    08 June 2018
    Print publication:
    31 March 2019, pp 99-120

  • Summary

    Introduction

    This chapter addresses the role of professionals in the interdisciplinary work involved in meeting the varied needs of the local community. It is particularly concerned with the roles of librarians and other early years specialists as they seek to develop effective partnerships across the disciplines as well as to foster partnerships with parents and carers. It considers how these professionals can provide quality, focused services and help to break down the barriers to those services that may be apparent in the community. Drawing on practice, the chapter also discusses the issues of developing effective communication and providing greater accountability to the stakeholders across the disciplines.

    We have updated only some aspects of this chapter since it was prepared for the first edition of Delivering the Best Start in 2008, written after the authors had undertaken research with early years practitioners – librarians and educators – in a variety of early years settings, and mostly particularly in the Sure Start Children's Centres (SSCCs). The New Labour government promised an SSCC in every locality and commenced with developing them in areas of deprivation.

    The origins of Sure Start came from the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review led by Norman Glass, an economist, who had no experience of early years. Lees (2015, 101) demonstrates how Glass was asked ‘to quantify expenditure on young children and the effectiveness on outcomes for children’. According to Lees (2015, 101), the review was ‘extremely comprehensive, involving 11 different government departments (Glass, 1999; Eisenstadt, 2011; Lewis, 2011), and examined evidence from America, including Head Start and the Perry preschool programme, as well as UK research in child health’. The findings of the review concluded that a child's development in the early years is crucial and that children are more vulnerable to external adverse environmental conditions than had been realized.

    Richardson's doctoral research in SSCCs (Richardson, 2013) found that Sure Start children's centres had enormous potential for supporting individual progress and possibilities for generating social change. She discovered that the reciprocity described in the staff–parent relationships and the value of the services offered emerged strongly through the detailed personal perspectives of the staff and parents. This provided insight into the challenging circumstances and complexities of individual lives and a framework for how social capital develops.

  • 7 - Making History: Digital Preservation and Electronic Legal Deposit in the Second Quarter of the 21st Century

  • Edited by Paul Gooding, University of East Anglia, Melissa Terras, University of Edinburgh
  • Book:
    Electronic Legal Deposit
    Published by:
    Facet
    Published online:
    07 November 2020
    Print publication:
    31 March 2019, pp 139-158

  • Summary

    Introduction

    It is hard to imagine a more interesting time to work in libraries, nor a more challenging one. In an era of post-truth obfuscation and sinister deletion, the ability to collect, retain and authenticate is suddenly a super-power; in an era of relentless proliferation, the confidence to select and consolidate, with implied permission to relegate and deduplicate, is ubiquitously essential; in an era where data is the ‘new oil’ of the ‘information society’, the unassuming librarian holds the keys not only to the past, but now also to the future. One would have thought that this generation more than any other would be the age of the library, an enduring proof of common cause for the common weal: deposit libraries at the summit of our ambition, the record of all we have achieved and source of all we might. Why does it not feel that way?

    It's not yet clear whether the digital turn will be the making of the library or its undoing, given many of these opportunities are disruptive, mostly provisional, and largely originate outside the library community. These challenges arise just at a moment where the social and economic context of operations are profoundly unsettled, whether through the continuing dysfunction of economics, the puzzling impasses of public discourse or a global crisis of dislocation and dispossession. With such uncertainty about the times in which we will shortly live, this is no time for an identity crisis. Yet there is little prospect of staying unchanged.

    2018 was (another) pivotal year in the development of libraries in the UK and Ireland, a consequence of a review of the legal deposit regime. This has enabled a wider consideration of the place and function of legal deposit libraries, and a deeper dive into the evolving processes and expectations through which their mission, to provide a full and canonical copy of the published record, is fulfilled. So how can libraries help us make sense of these turbulent times and preserve a record that will help us look back on them, too? How can we ensure that legal deposit libraries and their collections will continue to thrive in the second quarter of the 21st century?

  • 11 - Reaching your audience: the librarian's role

    • By Carolynn Rankin, is currently a Visiting Fellow in the Faculty of Arts, Environment, and Technology at Leeds Beckett University, Avril Brock, She has worked in higher education since 1989 at Bradford Collegeand Leeds Metropolitan University, having been a deputy head, primary and early years teacher in West Yorkshire
  • Edited by Carolynn Rankin, Avril Brock
  • Book:
    Library Services from Birth to Five
    Published by:
    Facet
    Published online:
    08 June 2018
    Print publication:
    31 March 2019, pp 213-262

  • Summary

    Introduction

    This chapter is presented in two parts and we look first at how the librarian can provide opportunities for young children and their families to enjoy literacy and language development activities together. In the UK the library service can be regarded as a key partner acting as a bridge to the community by providing a welcoming atmosphere. We further discuss introducing a love of books to babies and young children and the role of stories and story-telling in helping to develop the imagination. Many early years librarians tell stories at sessions, providing entertainment and enlightenment for their local community. Acknowledging the skills required to effectively connect and engage with a family audience, we offer practical guidance for the librarian as performer. Continuing the theme of partnerships, we discuss three examples of outreach work by looking at Traveller families, teenage fathers and culturally diverse communities. Partnerships are a key aspect of campaigns and promotional schemes and we look at some UKbased initiatives. Part 2 of the chapter provides a superb range of case studies that presents early years library provision delivered by partnerships in Australia, Croatia, Denmark, Italy, Northern Ireland, Russia and Sweden.

    PART 1 REACHING YOUR AUDIENCE

    Providing a welcoming atmosphere

    Librarians want to reach the family audience so as to encourage literacy skills and help build sustainable communities. The well-planned early years library will provide a range of wonderful books, toys, treasure baskets and other creative resources for young users and their families. The environment in which these resources are offered also merits consideration, as audiences can be encouraged by sending positive messages. The librarian has an important role in helping children, and the adults with them, to feel comfortable and welcome in the library or early years setting. In planning a welcoming environment, children's craft and art work displayed on the walls can encourage links with the local community. In Chapters 5 and 13 we discuss how the physical aspects of the library can be planned to create a positive environment. In addition to the physical environment, the social atmosphere and ethos created by the library staff is an important factor in making families feel welcome.

  • Section 3 - Rights and limitations

  • Graham P. Cornish
  • Book:
    Copyright
    Published by:
    Facet
    Published online:
    19 November 2019
    Print publication:
    31 March 2019, pp 13-22

  • Summary

    This section looks at what rights authors and owners of copyright enjoy under the law.

    What is the difference between authorship and ownership?

    Authors and owners may, or may not, be the same person. They enjoy different rights, so the distinction is important. As authors are defined differently for different types of work, they will be dealt with separately under each heading. However, despite some variations, their moral rights are similar in most circumstances so they will be covered in this section. This section then sets out who the owner is and what the owner is entitled to do exclusively in law. The rights enjoyed by authors are called ‘moral rights’ and are generally very weak in UK law. On the other hand, owners enjoy a whole range of rights which are economic in nature. The limitations to these rights are then dealt with in Section 4.

    Moral rights

    What are moral rights?

    Moral rights are designed to protect the idea that anything created contains an element of ‘self’ in it. Therefore the author ought to be able to protect certain aspects of a work. Although the law is complex in this area and most library services may not think they have major concerns with moral rights, the growth of electronic information sources, Open Archives, Creative Commons and similar systems makes an understanding of moral rights important for all information services.

    What are these rights?

    Essentially they give the author the right to protect their work from being abused or their reputation from being sullied.

    What specific rights do authors have?

    Basically, authors have a right to prevent their work being distorted by additions, deletions or changes to its meaning. They also have the right not to have works they did not create attributed to them and prevent anyone else claiming to be the author of their work. They also have the right to prevent their work being used in a way that would bring their reputation into disrepute.

    What about making sure their name is included in a work?

    Rather surprisingly, this is not an automatic right of the author. It applies in certain contexts only and will be dealt with under each type of copyright material in the following sections. In summary, it applies only to authors of monographs, producers and directors of films and artists whose work is to be exhibited in public.

  • 11 - Managing money

  • Barbara Allan
  • Book:
    The No-nonsense Guide to Leadership, Management and Team Working
    Published by:
    Facet
    Published online:
    01 June 2019
    Print publication:
    31 March 2019, pp 201-214

  • Summary

    Introduction

    Sound finances are essential for the success of a library and information service, and the increasing pressure on organizational finances means it is vital that library leaders understand financial management. Financially knowledgeable leaders and managers are in a strong position to make persuasive cases for increased or steady financing, to link their finances with their strategic plan and to educate their stakeholders about the library and information service's finances and their implication (Sannwald, 2018). The following topics are considered in this chapter: demonstrating value for money; managing a budget; bidding and tendering for projects; other sources of income; and crowdfunding.

    Demonstrating value for money

    In today's challenging environment for many library and information services, it is important to be able to demonstrate value for money, as this will help directors to increase or maintain their library budget. There are many different approaches to demonstrating value and these are often specific to a particular sector, three indicative case studies are presented here.

    Case study 11.1 Demonstrating value in Scottish public libraries

    Scottish public libraries are able to report that for every £1 of public money invested in libraries, they deliver £8 worth of benefit to the community (Scottish Library and Information Council, 2018). This figure was developed using the Archives, Libraries and Museums Alliance UK (ALMAUK) (2014) economic toolkit, which is based on:

  • • the amount of expenditure by a library, employment provided by the library, indirect expenditure and employment along the supply chain.

  • • the average monetary value of an individual visit to a library.

  • • the average annual monetary saving of visitors to a library through their use of services.

    • The process involved carrying out a comprehensive survey and using the economic value calculator to work out: indirect impact; employees supported; survey input; survey analysis. The output from the calculation is the average economic value per visit and the average annual saving per visitor.

    The Scottish Library and Information Council also highlight the importance of raising the profile of the library service through advocacy, as this can have an impact when tough decisions are being made about the library budget. They provide an advocacy toolkit.

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