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5856 results in Facet Publishing

Page 293 of 293

  • 4 - Description

  • J. H. Bowman
  • Book:
    Essential Cataloguing
    Published by:
    Facet
    Published online:
    09 June 2018
    Print publication:
    31 December 2003, pp 20-85

  • Summary

    AACR2 Chapter 1 is designed to help you to describe any kind of material, including kinds that have not yet been invented. It is therefore written in rather general terms. To see how to deal with a specific physical form of material, look at Chapters 2–12, e.g. for printed books see AACR2 Chapter 2. But each of those chapters will keep referring you back to Chapter 1 for fuller information. You therefore really need to have a finger in Chapter 1 as you look at the rules in whichever chapter is relevant. Now that AACR2 has been issued in loose-leaf format it is easier to compare sections if you need to. To start with we shall stick to Chapter 1 as it gives the fullest information.

    Areas of description

    The description is organized into a series of ‘areas’, as follows:

    Title and statement of responsibility

    Edition

    Material (or type of publication) specific details

    Publication, distribution, etc.

    Physical description

    Series

    Note

    Standard number and terms of availability

    The order in which these areas appear cannot vary, and you will soon become familiar with this order. Not all of them are compulsory: several only appear when they are needed, and otherwise you can just ignore them. There is no need to show a blank space or anything like that; just miss them out. We shall see what is necessary as we go along.

    Sources of information

    The most important thing to get clear in your mind is that, whatever kind of material you are cataloguing, you are only allowed to take information from certain places in the item, and that the places you are allowed to use vary depending on which area of the description you are dealing with. If you can remember this you are halfway to being a good cataloguer.

    Each chapter of AACR2 starts with a list of the areas and the prescribed sources of information, as they are called, for that specific physical form of publication.

    As an example, this means that, for the Title and statement of responsibility area of a book, you may take information only from the title page, whereas for the Edition area you have a greater range of sources.

  • 2 - Background to cataloguing and AACR2

  • J. H. Bowman
  • Book:
    Essential Cataloguing
    Published by:
    Facet
    Published online:
    09 June 2018
    Print publication:
    31 December 2003, pp 4-11

  • Summary

    This book is designed to help you to use AACR2. But in order to put cataloguing into context it may be useful for you to read this background chapter. If you are really keen to get straight to the practical cataloguing, then by all means skip it.

    What is a catalogue?

    If you ask someone this, with no particular context, I am sure that the average person will have a mental picture of the answer. It will probably not include a library catalogue, but is more likely to be a catalogue of goods available in a shop or on mail order, such as the Argos catalogue. The mental image will probably be of some specific physical form, perhaps a large paperback book.

    In a library context, the physical form of the catalogue is not particularly important. Most present-day catalogues are online, and this makes them far more comparable than they were previously to online information retrieval systems, or to search engines on the world wide web. Online catalogues are likely to continue for the foreseeable future, but in the past there have been printed catalogues, card catalogues, slip catalogues and various microform catalogues, film or fiche. An online catalogue is now usually known as an OPAC (Online Public Access Catalogue), and normally gives a far wider range of access points (ways of looking things up) than any of the previous forms.

    Many of the cataloguing rules that we follow today were designed for older physical forms of catalogue, where the labour of providing multiple access points would have been such that they had to be strictly limited. You might feel that some of these rules are now outdated, and you would be right. The fact is, however, that AACR2 still contains them, and this book is based on AACR2. So you will just have to follow them!

    Why have catalogues?

    It would be an unusual library that had no catalogue of any kind. One reason to have a catalogue is the inventorial, i.e. simply to keep a record of what has been acquired. Some libraries still maintain an accessions register, which just lists brief details of all the items acquired, in the order in which they are received.

  • 9 - Authority control

  • J. H. Bowman
  • Book:
    Essential Cataloguing
    Published by:
    Facet
    Published online:
    09 June 2018
    Print publication:
    31 December 2003, pp 173-182

  • Summary

    What is authority control?

    Authority control is not mentioned specifically in AACR2, but it is implied in the sections dealing with forms of name. It is the process whereby a library or cataloguing agency establishes authorized forms of name for access points and ensures that they are used consistently for all occurrences of such names.

    It applies not only to names; it can be used for:

  • • personal names

  • • names of corporate bodies (of all kinds)

  • • uniform titles

  • • series

  • • subject headings.

    • (Subject headings are not covered in this book.) The main thing to notice is that it concerns the kinds of access point that may occur in more than one item. Although it can apply to uniform titles, it does not usually apply to ordinary titles, because they are so much more various.

    Its main purpose is to assist retrieval by ensuring that all items that have an entry under a particular heading use the same form of the heading, so that, for example, all works of a particular author are brought together.

    It also provides a means of ensuring that cross-references are consistently made, so that a user who looks for a name under the ‘wrong’ form will be directed to the ‘right’ one. This can range from a compound surname, where the user may be uncertain of the form of entry, to a government department, where the leading term in the heading will be the name of the jurisdiction.

    Cross-references can be of ‘see’ or ‘see also’ form.

    Why have authority control?

    When computers were first introduced into cataloguing it used to be said – and it is still sometimes said now – that there was no need for authority control, on the grounds that, by free-text searching, the user can retrieve any combination of desired words from within the catalogue record. Even if this were possible – and it is still not so in most OPACs – it would not solve the problem of authors who use different forms of their name in different works.

  • Conclusion

  • Elizabeth Shepherd, Geoffrey Yeo
  • Book:
    Managing Records
    Published by:
    Facet
    Published online:
    09 June 2018
    Print publication:
    31 December 2003, pp 270-271

  • Summary

    In common with many other professions, records management is experiencing rapid changes and in recent years has moved beyond its traditional boundaries. No longer focused wholly on space and cost saving, or restricted to the channelling of historical records into archival institutions, it has acquired a much greater visibility and a more proactive role. The priority given to accountability and corporate governance initiatives in many countries has given records managers a new sense of direction and has increased the range of stakeholders whose needs are served by effective and successful records management programmes. At the same time, the development of national and international standards for records management has provided a framework for best practice. The growth in the availability of professional literature, to which this book contributes, also shows the increasing maturity of the discipline.

    Records management practices were originally developed to manage the large quantities of paper files generated by governments and commercial organizations, and for many years these remained the primary concern of records managers. Today paper is only one of a number of media used to create, maintain or provide access to records. The increasing prevalence of ‘born digital’ records, many of which will never have a paper manifestation, has required the traditional approaches to be rethought and reinterpreted. It has shifted the emphasis from the warehousing of older records to the development of systems for records creation and capture, and has encouraged records managers to work more closely with professionals in other disciplines and to develop new analytical skills. It has also called into question the long-standing distinction between records and archives management: in particular, the growing acceptance of the records continuum concept has highlighted the common principles that records managers and archivists share, as well as providing a richer view of the ongoing management of records and their use by organizations and the wider community. Many records managers have also welcomed the rediscovery of the evidential nature of records and the importance of protecting their authenticity and integrity in a world increasingly dominated by fast-changing information technology.

    These trends are likely to continue in the coming decades, while new challenges and opportunities may arise from the globalization of business, the growth of egovernment and e-commerce, the expansion of mobile computing and distributed storage technologies, or the use of artificial intelligence in classification and retrieval.

Essential Cataloguing
  • The Basics
  • J. H. Bowman
  • Published by:
    Facet
    Published online:
    09 June 2018
    Print publication:
    31 December 2003
  • Mystified by main entry? Confused by corporate bodies? Can't tell a description from an access point? Then this is the book for you. Cataloguing is important, despite what some people may tell you. Because it is hardly taught nowadays, there is all the more likelihood that you will find yourself having to catalogue without having been taught anything about it. This book covers descriptive cataloguing, and is designed as a simple companion to the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules (revised 2002 edition). Dealing primarily with printed books, but including many references to other formats, the author leads you step by step through the cataloguing process, covering: description; access points; multipart works; headings for persons; headings for corporate bodies; authority control and uniform titles.

Page 293 of 293