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15 - Collecting arthropods and arthropod remains for primate studies

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 June 2012

By
Claire M. P. Ozanne ,
James R. Bell  and
Daniel G. Weaver
Edited by
Joanna M. Setchell  and
Deborah J. Curtis
Joanna M. Setchell
Affiliation:
University of Durham
Deborah J. Curtis
Affiliation:
Oxford Brookes University
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Summary

INTRODUCTION

Arthropods, along with other invertebrates, make up 95% of the global fauna, with 1.5 million described species and at least a further 10 million that remain undescribed. These organisms, which include insects, arachnids and myriapods, play a significant role in the life histories of a range of primate species, not least in their diet. Body size plays an important part in determining the degree of insectivory (Kay, 1984); however, examples of insect eating can be found within all lineages of the primate phylogeny. Many strepsirrhines have long been described as insectivores, some having morphological adaptations for insect feeding (e.g. the extractive finger of the aye aye, Daubentonia madagascariensis) and others adopting behaviours such as aerial snatching (e.g. galagos, Galago demidovii), or stalking specific arthropod prey (e.g. angwantibos, Arctocebus calabarensis) (Charles-Dominique, 1974). Some lorisids, like the potto (Perodicticus potto), have evolved specialized diets, feeding on arthropods that emit distasteful chemicals (e.g. formic acid from ants: Crematogaster spp.) or have the potential to inject venom (e.g. large scolopendrid centipedes: Spirostreptus spp.) (Charles-Dominique, 1974). Within the anthropoids, chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) use tools to help eat insects such as bees (Apis spp.) and the honey they produce (Tutin & Fernandez, 1992). Even folivores inadvertently eat thousands of insects a day (e.g. mountain gorillas, Gorilla beringei beringei, and langurs, Semnopithecus entellus). However, apart from the large patas monkey (Erythrocebus patas), anthropoid primates are unable to process enough arthropod material for these animals to form a major part of a higher primate's diet (Isbell, 1998).

Type
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Field and Laboratory Methods in Primatology
A Practical Guide
 , pp. 271 - 286
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2011

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