This chapter will cover the lexicography of the Arabic language(s) after 1800. Arabic is spoken by more than 200 million people – and as the (s) after language in the previous sentence indicates, there is not just one Arabic language. Considering Arabic means considering the different variants of the language: the classical language of the Qurʾān, called Classical Arabic; the mostly written (but also spoken) language of the present-day Arab world, called Modern Standard Arabic; and the spoken colloquial languages or dialects of the twenty-two countries where Arabic is the official language, as well as of countries such as Turkey, Iran, Afghanistan, and some areas in sub-Saharan Africa, where we find minority groups who speak varieties of Arabic.