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11 - Germanic Heritage Varieties in the Americas

Social and Linguistic Perspectives

from Part I - Heritage Languages around the World

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 November 2021

By
Janne Bondi Johannessen  and
Joseph Salmons
Edited by
Silvina Montrul  and
Maria Polinsky
Silvina Montrul
Affiliation:
University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
Maria Polinsky
Affiliation:
University of Maryland, College Park
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Summary

Continental West Germanic and North Germanic languages have been spoken in the Americas for several hundred years, and many are alive as heritage languages today, though often used only by elderly speakers. This chapter examines these languages from several perspectives. First, we look at social and historical contexts of bilingualism. Second, we describe the varieties used, e.g., the extent to which people knew a standard language, along with associated language attitudes and ideologies. Third, we look at key structural properties of Germanic heritage languages with examples from phonetics and phonology, morphology, syntax, pragmatics, and the lexicon, revealing parallels in development and change across languages. Finally, we note some patterns and language maintenance and shift.

Keywords

Continental West Germanic languagesNorth Germanic languagesstandard languagekoinelanguage ideologyphonetics and phonologymorphologysyntaxpragmaticslexiconlanguage maintenancelanguage shift
Type
Chapter
Information
The Cambridge Handbook of Heritage Languages and Linguistics , pp. 252 - 276
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2021

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