This study evaluated daily cleaning with germicidal bleach wipes on wards with a high incidence of hospital-acquired Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). The intervention reduced hospital-acquired CDI incidence by 85%, from 24.2 to 3.6 cases per 10,000 patient-days, and prolonged the median time between hospital-acquired CDI cases from 8 to 80 days.

Norovirus is highly infectious and can spread rapidly in healthcare settings, consuming resources and resulting in longer hospital stays. Although the economic impact of specific past outbreaks has been reported (eg, a 2007 outbreak of norovirus infection at Johns Hopkins Hospital cost an estimated $650,000), these costs may not be generalizable. We developed an economic computer simulation model to assist policy makers, hospital administrators, infection control professionals, and other healthcare workers in determining how much to invest in norovirus prevention and control interventions above and beyond existing infection control measures.

Risk factors for development of intestinal colonization by imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (IRPA) may differ between those who acquire the organism via patient-to-patient transmission versus by antibiotic selective pressure. The aim of this study was to quantify potential risk factors for the development of IRPA not due to patient-to-patient transmission.

The risk of surgical site infection (SSI) is greater after revision hip arthroplasty than after primary procedures. While this is accepted as a clinical phenomenon, standardized surveillance strategies for healthcare-associated infections, including SSIs, do not currently take this into consideration. Most notably, the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) risk index for stratification does not differentiate between primary and revision surgeries. Using data from a single US center, Leekha et al. recently demonstrated that the risk for SSI was almost twice as high after revision total hip arthroplasty when compared to primary total hip arthroplasty and that risk was even greater when deep incisional or organ/space infections were analyzed. The objective of this study was to compare SSI rates following primary and revision hip arthroplasty in a much larger Australian population to determine whether differences are accounted for by current risk indexing.

In a Veterans Affairs medical center, 39% of healthcare facility–onset, healthcare facility-associated Clostridium difficile infections had their onset in the affiliated long-term care facility (LTCF). Eighty-five percent of LTCF-onset patients had been transferred from the hospital within the past month. Delays in diagnosis and treatment were common for LTCF-onset patients.

The N95 respirator is one type that is recommended by the World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to prevent inhalation of droplets that may act to transmit respiratory pathogens. However, the reliability of this respirator to prevent transmission is dependent on how well it is fitted to the wearer. For ill-fitting respirators, the average penetration by ambient aerosol was found to be 33%, compared with 4% for well-fitting respirators. Such penetration or leakage may be caused by the gap between the respirator and the wearer's face. Therefore, formal fit testing should be carried out prior to the use of N95 respirators. Quantitative fit testing measures “the adequacy of respirator fit by numerically measuring the amount of leakage into the respirator” using an electronic device.

The role of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization as a predictor of invasive disease in intensive care unit (ICU) patients was established many years ago. The role of mefhicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) colonization is more debated, although in a recent report patients who were carriers of MRSA or MSSA at ICU admission were found to be at increased risk. Whether carriage at ICU admission involves a higher risk of invasive infection than carriage acquired during an ICU stay has not been established. We report the results of a study aimed at estimating the frequency of S. aureus (MRSA and MSSA) colonization at admission and at discharge in patients admitted to several ICUs in Italy and at estimating the relationship between colonization status and infection by S. aureus.

Sales for a drug may be correlated with the prevalence of a condition treated by the drug. We found that state data revealed a strong spatial association and national data a strong temporal association between Clostridium difficile and oral vancomycin prescription sales, suggesting a new “signal” for detecting disease activity.