A study that aims to evaluate some variables that can influence the sleep disorders.

It is a descriptive, observational and transverse study that pretends to investigate diverse psychopathologycal aspects and sleep disorders in patients diagnosed of depressive syndrome, in follow-up for an ambulatory service of mental health by means of a battery of widely recognized tests.

In the first consultation in addition to clinical evaluation of our investigation team, we have used questionnaires in relation to 136 socialdemographic, demanding of consultation and clinical – therapeutic variables. Likewise, we have applied the following battery of tests: BDI, HARS, WHOQOL-BREF, CGI and PSQI.

To comparative effects we have established two groups using the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index:

Group 1: Score 0-8 (disturbance mild)

Group 2: Score >8 (disturbance moderate/severe).

84 patients initially evaluated by the different tests, 59 female and 25 male.

GROUP 2: 51 patients (60,71%): 39 female (76,47%) and 12 male (23,53%)

= Variables with higher scores showing a significant difference compared to group 1 have been: Married, Suicidal ideation, Abuses substances, Somatic diseases, Headache, Alteration memory and Dizzines.

= Tests PSQI 11,41 and in all domains: Quality 2,16, Efficiency 1,35, Latency 0,96, Disturbances 2,14, Daytime Dysfunction 1,95 and Use of Sleeping Medication 2,75.

60,72% of depressed patients with the high scores in the PSQI test (>8), and poorer quality of sleep, are those in our study have more gravity in the symptoms of depression, anxiety, somatization and quality of life more severe involvement.

The effect of poor sleep quality on depressive symptoms has been consistently found. The aim of our study was to assess the heterogenity of sleep quality in relations between circadian preferences and depressive symptomatology among major depression patients.

The sample was consisted of 225 patients with first diagnosis major depression. Mean age of the sample was 29.92 (SD±10.49). The patients completed a package of psychological instruments including the Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Beck Depression Inventory.

The latent structure of sleep quality among first diagnose major depressive patients was examined by applying latent class analysis (LCA) to the seven components of the PSQI, using Mplus 4.01. We also examined the latent structure of sleep quality in conjunction with the MEQ and BDI scores.

We found that evening-type depressive patients were more prone to report greater scores of subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, use of sleep medication and daytime dysfunction sub-scales of the PSQI. Direct effect of evening-type chronobiological preference was significantly linked to greater depression scores. Indirect effects of chronobiological characteristics through components of the PSQI were only significant for use of sleep medication and daytime dysfunction sub-scales of the PSQI (p<.05).

These findings suggest that sleep quality in general operates and influences on depression in concert with chronobiological characteristics; however, the construct of sleep quality appear like to be heterogeneous in nature and is influential on severity of depression symptoms through distinct mechanisms among depressive patients.

Suicidal behaviour is one of the most common reasons for presentation to the emergency rooms. Perhaps the most frequently examined topic in the field of suicidology, is the degree to which death by suicide can be predicted. Moreover, some suicide risk factors may not be included consistently in the suicidal risk assessments in the emergency room.

Understand the suicide risk predictors that are most important in decision making in the emergency room, risk factors that often get missed in the emergency room assessments

We aim to use the results of this study to implement educational intervention that gears towards improving suicidal risk assessment and documentation in emergency room.

An online survey was sent to all psychiatry and emergency physicians at Queen's university to assess their opinion on predictors of suicide while assessing patients. The importance of predictors was compared between 2 groups. In addition charts of all patients assessed for suicide risk were reviewed. Suicide predictors assessed, the clinical decision made and the suicide predictors missed at the time of assessment, were recorded.

Our study shows that although there is a significant links between bullying and childhood trauma, and suicidal behaviour, these predictors were not commonly assessed. The result of our study also shows that many predictors deemed important by physicians are missed on actual assessment.

Our study shows that many important suicidal risk factors are missed in emergency room assessments. It is important that physicians identify these risk factors while assessing suicidality.

In this research both mental conditions before the death and 5 most frequent cases of suicide that resulted in death for the last 10 years are studied.

Current research, which is based on reports of forensic medical expertise and pathological anatomy center of Armed Forces, shows that among all suicide cases registered between 2002-2011 – 18 types are described in ICD-10; 5 types are studied.

Statistical analysis of suicide cases resulted in death for 10 years is dramatically high. Among military personnel X72-X74 are the first with 75%. Overall, 77,3% of all suicides are soldiers (officers 61,1%). All commited suicide cases registered among those who are frequently in the battle position and guard service. During the investigation, it is determined that 87,2% are those who committed suicide shooting to body's skull, 11,6% to chest and 1,2% to various areas of body. X70 – are second suicide attempts through self-hanging with 20,5%. All suicide cases among the soldiers – 19,5% (officers–22,2%). Other suicide cases are X60-X61, X63-X64, X68-X69–3,0%, X78–2% and X84–1%. During the retrospective analysis, it is determined that depressive violations before suicide was 73,4%, affective violations was 9,7% and 17,9% were other kinds of violations.

Every fourth suicide committed with a weapon; each third — during the daily duty or guard. The responsiveness to the state of mind of orderlies and guards – indispensable conditions to prevent suicide. It's necessary to establish regular service monitoring for every soldier, to hamper the distribution of daily duty to take its course.

is to study social and psychological characteristics of the college students committed suicidal attempts.

420 randomized students aged 15-23 (261 males and 159 females) from Chita were examined. The subjects committed suicidal attempts (31 students) were enrolled in the 1st group, the 2nd group included students who had not committed suicidal attempts. The prevalence of addictions and neurotic disorders were studied. The significance of differences was determined by Student criterion.

7,4% of students were revealed to have committed suicides before, with the majority being females (p<0,001). 48,8% of the students committed suicidal attempts were up brought in two-parent families, 32,3% live in poor conditions (p<0,05), 22,6% of the subjects have unfilial behavior. 16,1% of students' parents have alcohol addiction. The students of the 1st group were revealed to have a high frequency of different addictions compared with the control group: smoking – 67,7% and 40,1% (p<0,01); the use of drug – 51,6% and 21,1% (p<0,001); alcohol disorders (F10.1, F10.2) – 22,6% and 5,7% (p<0,05). The students of the 1st group (66,7%) have neurotic disorders compared with the control one (p<0,001).

Thus, the students committed suicidal attempts live more frequently in poor conditions, have tendency to addictive behavior and suffer from generalized anxiety, depressive, asthenic and hysterical disorders.

High suicide rates in the former Soviet Slavic republics (fSSr) Russia, Ukraine, Belarus and its profound fluctuations over the past decades have attracted considerable interest. There is suggestion that mass privatization as an economic strategy was a crucial determinant of differences in mortality trend in post-communist countries during transition.

We investigated whether population drinking can account for the fluctuations in suicide mortality in the fSSr Russia, Ukraine and Belarus during the recent decades.

Trends in overall and sex-specific age-adjusted suicide mortality rates and recorded alcohol consumption per capita from 1980 to 2010 were analyzed.

The temporal pattern of suicide mortality fluctuations were similar for three countries: sharp decrease in the mid-1980s, dramatic increase in the first half of the 1990s and downward trend in the past decade. Russia experienced the sharpest suicide mortality fluctuations during anti-alcohol campaign and transition. In Russia, there was also a spike in suicide mortality between 1999 and 2001, which might be explained by the financial crisis in 1998. The results of the time-series analysis suggest that the dramatic mortality fluctuations in the fSSr in the mid-1980s and in the first half of the 1990s were attributable to alcohol. In contrast, alcohol can not fully explain the downward trend in suicide mortality observed in the fSSr during the last decade.

Similar regional pattern of suicide trends do not support the hypothesis that alcohol control policy was responsible for the decline in Russian suicide mortality during recent decade.

Suicide completers have often communicated their intention to die or their deep desperation to their loved ones.

We retrospectively collected data on the suicide victims of the period 2007-2009 from the Athens Greater Area and completed psychological autopsy questionnaires after phone interviews with the victims' relatives. The specific question was: 'Has your relative expressed to you his/her suffering or the intention to end his/her life the six months prior to the suicide?'

Data on this parameter were collected for 248 victims -out of a total of 335. 121 of them (48.8%) had verbally communicated their intention to die -or their immense suffering- to their relatives. Suicide 'warners' used phrases indicating extreme desperation being often very descriptive about their intentions. They were older (p<0.001), more often had positive psychiatric history (p=0.004) or were physically ill (p=0.005) in comparison to 'non-warners'. Differences regarding sex, nationality, marital status, previous attempts, suicide note-leaving, completed suicide method and hospitalization for physical illness the year prior to the suicide were not statistically significant among the two groups. A limitation of our study is that we interviewed only one relative for every case. It is probable that the suicidal feelings could have been communicated to another relative instead, therefore rising the number of suicide 'warners'.

Relatives are keen observers of the suicidal feelings of their loves ones, a piece of information that health professionals should not miss. This fact, coupled with the particular characteristics of the suicide 'warners', could provide valuable insights for suicide prevention.

Antiepilepticsand benzodiazepines have been associated with increased risk of suicidality. However, in previous studies the severity of depression and anxiety have not been takeninto account as possible confounders.

To find out how antiepileptics and benzodiazepines effect suicidal ideation andother symptoms in general population.

To assessthe association between use of antiepileptics or benzodiazepines and suicidalideation in relation to other symptoms of depression and anxiety. Theassociation will be studied in different diagnostic groups in a largepopulation-based cohort.

Information on the prescribed medications in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort1966 was collected at the age of 31 years with a postal questionnaire(N=8,211). The presence of suicidal ideation and other symptoms of depressionand anxiety was assessed via the Symptom Checklist –questionnaire. Theassociations between medications and suicidal ideation were studied indifferent diagnostic groups: epilepsy, depression, any non-organic mentaldisorder, and control group.

There were no difference in suicidal ideation between antiepileptic users(n=54) and non-users (n=8,157) (suicidal ideation mean 1.07 vs. 1.05, p=0.63). Subjectsusing benzodiazepines (n=147) had more suicidal ideation than non-users(n=8,064) (1.29 vs. 1.05, p<0.001). The antiepileptic and benzodiazepineusers had more other depression and anxiety symptoms. When adjusting for thesesymptoms, both antiepileptic and benzodiazepine users had less suicidalideation than non-users. This was found in all diagnostic groups.

Either use of antiepileptics or benzodiazepines wasnot associated with increased suicidal ideation when symptoms of depression andanxiety were taken into account.

To investigate suicide rates in the indigenous (Nenets) and non-indigenous populations of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug (NAO) in 2002-2012 with associated socio-demographic characteristics.

Retrospective population-based mortality study.

Data from autopsy reports were used to identify 252 cases of suicide in the NAO in 2002-2012. Data on socio-demographic characteristics were obtained from passports and medical records and linked to population data from the Censuses. Suicide rates for the Nenets population and the non-indigenous population were calculated according to different socio-demographic characteristics. Corresponding relative risks for each population group were compared.

The crude standardized suicide rates were 72.7 per 100 000 person-years in the Nenets and 50.7 per 100 000 person-years in the non-indigenous population. The highest suicide rates in the Nenets population were observed in the age group 20-29 years and in females aged 30-39 years. Socio-demographic characteristics associated with high suicide rates for the Nenets were 20-39 years of age, male gender, urban residence, having secondary school or higher education, being an employee or employer, and being single or divorced. Males aged 20-29 years and females aged 30-39 and aged 70 years or over had the highest suicide rates in the non-indigenous population. The higher suicide rates in the non-indigenous population were associated with male gender, rural residence, secondary school education, being an employee or employer, and being single or divorced.

Suicide rates in the NAO were higher among the indigenous Nenets population than the non-indigenous population, and were associated with different socio-demographic characteristics.

Suicidality is a serious social problem. There is a limited evidence of pharmacotherapeutic options, therefore cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and dialectical-behavioral therapy (DBT) play the crucial role in treatment of suicidal patients.

The search covered databases Web of Science and Pub Med. Search was limited by the years 1990 to 2013.

Main psychotherapeutic strategies in acute phase are based on intervention; making contact, identification of the stressors and developing of therapeutic relationship. The most important aspects of CBT approach concern teaching the patient how to understand stimulus of suicidal behaviour, how to control emotions and search for the reasons to live. DBT has proven its effectiveness in coping with emotional lability, which can lead to suicidal behaviour. The basic DBT principles include stress tolerance, emotional regulation and interpersonal effectiveness.

Despite the frequent use of CBT in the treatment of suicidal patients, the evidence of effectiveness from the studies of this approach is not sufficient enough. Problem solving strategies have been confirmed as effective. DBT proved to be successful in the treatment of suicidality of borderline personality disorder.

Previous suicide attempts and self-harm behaviors are one of the risk factors most strongly associated with suicide. Further, the risk of a fatal repetition of a suicide attempt is highest in the period immediately following the attempt, with a percentage between 12 and 30% during the first year.

Performing a literature review of articles published about telephone contact as a method of prevention of recurrence after a suicidal attempt.

To present an overview of telephone contact as a strategy to prevent repetition of suicidal behaviors.

The literature review was produced using the computerized database PubMed from January 1966 to June 2014, using Spanish- and English-language limits and the key words: Telephone contact, suicide attempt, self-harm.

There have been found a total of 5 studies which met the inclusion criteria, only one of them has obtained a significant reduction in the proportion of patients who repeated the suicidal attempt compared to the control group. In another study, the intervention has proved to be effective preventing suicide.

Although it could be a useful and inexpensive strategy, further investigation is needed in order to specify and improve the medium and long term efficacy of this intervention as a method of prevention from repetition of self-harm and suicide.

Cyclothymic-depressive-anxious-irritable (CDAI) temperament has been linked to increased suicidal risk. Sleep disturbance and short self-reported sleep duration have been associated with suicidal ideation and behavior independently of a current major depressive episode (MDE).

This cross-sectional study in consecutive hospitalized suicide attempters aimed to investigate the interplay of temperament with proximal sleep disturbance in predicting suicide intent.

Depression severity was measured with Major Depression Inventory, whereby DSM-IV-TR diagnosis of current MDE was derived. Temporally proximal sleep disturbance (during ≥2 weeks preceding the attempt) was assessed with Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS); average night sleep duration (ANSD) was also self-reported. Suicidal intent was recorded with Beck's Suicide Intent Scale (BSIS). Attempters’ temperament profile was investigated with TEMPS-A self-report questionnaire. A two-step cluster analysis of TEMPS-A subscales mean scores was performed. BSIS was sequentially regressed on AIS and ANSD along with their interactions with temperament clusters after adjusting for clinicodemographic variables and current MDE.

114 subjects (57.9% females), aged 16-87 (44.1±17.7) years were included. 50% reported previous attempts. 38.6% were currently depressed. 62.3% suffered from insomnia (AIS score ≥6); 42.1% slept ≤5 hours per night on average. Cluster analysis identified a CDAI group and a non-CDAI one. In multiple regressions, BSIS was independently associated with current MDE, CDAI temperament profile, AIS (beta=0.43, p=0.004) and ANSD (beta=-0.40, p=0.002). Significant interactions of temperament cluster with AIS (p=0.017) and ANSD (p=0.011) were recorded.

Temperament profile interacts with proximal insomnia and short self-reported sleep duration in predicting suicidal intent in recent attempters.

Suicidal attempts and suicidal ideation are both frecuent causes of phychiatric assessments in an emergency hospital based unit.

The aim was to determine socio-demographic variables and pshychiatric diagnosis associated with suicide attempts in the population admitted to the Emergency Room of a General Hospital in Spain.

We studied the prevalence of suicidal behaviour in patients assesed in the Emergency Room of Elche University Hospital (Alicante, Spain) during a period of a year. We studied different characteristics such as age, sex, association with abuse substance, the prevalence of admission to a psychiatric ward and psychiatric diagnosis associated.

A third of Hospital Psychiatric Emergency assessments were for suicide attempt or suicide ideation. Emergency Psychiatrists assessed 262 patients with suicide attempt, 91 male and 171 female, mean age was 31 years. 7,25% of the parasuicide patients treated in the Emergency Room were hospitalized, 63,15% of them with history of psychotic symptoms. 8,33% consumed alcohol or cocaine before the suicide attempt.

The parasuicide attempts are more frequent in young women. Suicide attempt is nearly twice more frequent in women than men. The most important variable to decide admission in a psychiatric ward was found to be a previous history of psychosis.

Despite the evident progress of medicine and psychiatry in recent decades there is an increase in the number of suicide attempts in psychiatric patients in outpatient and hospital settings.

To determine the epidemiological characteristics of suicidal patients admitted at the Psychiatric Clinic of the University Clinical Hospital Mostar.

We conducted a retrospective study in which we analyzed data from the medical history of 189 patients hospitalized after a suicide attempt at the Psychiatric Clinic of the University Clinical Hospital Mostar in the period from 2004 to 2013.

Patients who attempted suicide were more often females (52.9%), unemployed (47.6%), with lower (31.7%) and intermediate level of education (52.4%), married (45.5%), without children (37.6%) and were more likely to come from urban areas (75.7%). Most of the subjects had already been in some kind of psychiatric treatment (65.1%) before. The most common method of attempting suicide was poisoning (54.0%) and when observed by gender it was significantly more frequent in females (p<0.001). Male subjects were significantly more frequently alcohol (p=0.001) and drug (p=0.001) abusers, and also more frequently were participants in the last Civil war (p<0.001) and wounded during it (p<0.001).

Suicide attempts are more common in unemployed subjects, subjects with intermediate level of education, subjects who come from urban areas and in subjects who had previously received psychiatric treatment. The most common way of suicide attempts is by poisoning which was statistically significant in female subjects.

Suicidal behaviour and deliberate self-harm are common among adults. Research indicates that maintaining contact either via letter or postcard with at-risk adults following discharge from care services can reduce reattempt risk. Feasibility trials demonstrated that intervention through text message was also acceptable to suicide attempters.

The aim of the current study is to investigate the effect of text message intervention versus traditional treatment on reducing the risk of suicide attempt repetition among adults after self-harm.

The study will be a 2-year multicentric randomized controlled trial conducted by the Brest University Hospital, France. Participants will be adults discharged after self–harm, from emergency services or after a short hospitalization. The intervention is comprised of an SMS that will be sent at h48, D7, D15 and monthly during 6 month. The text message enquires about the patients’ well-being and includes information regarding individual sources of help and evidence-based self help strategies. As primary endpoint, we will assess the number of patients who reattempt suicide in each group at 6 months. As secondary endpoints, we will assess the number of patients who reattempt suicide at 13 month, suicidal behaviour at month 6 and 13 and Medical costs at month 13.

Results will be accepted regarding the preliminary results of the study.

This paper describes the design and deployment of a trial SIAM; an easily reproducible intervention that aims to reduce suicide risk in adults after self-harm. It utilizes several characteristics of interventions that have shown a significant reduction in the number of suicide reattempts.

Interpersonal and self-esteem difficulties are among top concerns of college students who utilize on-campus mental health services, and depression was cited among the main mental health reasons for functional impairment. While numerous research studies identify suicide ideation as occurring concomitantly with elevated depression, suicide ideation and behaviors seem to also occur with mild or moderate levels of depression and in the absence of severe clinical depression (Cukrowicz et al., 2012).

To determine (a) if there is an association between interpersonal or family difficulties and suicide ideation, and (b) the potential role of depression and self-esteem for the above association.

To examine the fit of two concurrent path models, containing direct and mediated paths from interpersonal difficulties to suicide ideation (with depression and self-esteem as possible mediators).

Cross-sectional, self-report data from 1,916 college students was collected. The subscales of Depression, Suicidal Ideation, Interpersonal Problems, and Family Problems of the The College Adjustment Scale (CAS) (Anton & Reed, 1991) were used.

The model including both direct and mediated paths was a better fit. Notably, interpersonal difficulties were associated with suicide ideation even when depression scores were not elevated. Also, the association between self-esteem difficulties and suicide ideation can occur in the presence or absence of feelings of elevated depression.

These findings challenge the traditional view that only elevated depression can contribute to suicide ideation and brings a new light regarding the importance of self-esteem among young adult college students' mental health. Longitudinal studies are further needed.

According to statistics released by the World Health Organization, each year nearly one million people (one person every 40 seconds.) Lose their lives to suicide. In recent decades, suicide and its consequences has created basic problems in ground of general health. (Granbam and et, al.2000) we have this phenomenon in Iran, too and generalized recognition study showed the amount of suicide prevalence in Iran society does have ascending trend especially in the youth and teenagers

Present study was purpose to compare the intolerance of uncertainty and rumination with worry in suicide committed individuals and healthy individuals in Sari.

The descriptive comparative-casual study (retrospective study) was carried out. Statistical population were consisted of all suicide committed male and female in second half of year 2014 referred to health centers in Sari and also healthy people who were matched in terms of gender, age, academic level and other features with target population.

fiding showed that there is significant difference between intolerance of uncertainty, rumination and worry among suicide committed individuals and healthy individuals.

Therefore, the degree of intolerance of uncertainty, rumination and worry among suicide committed individuals is more than healthy individuals.