Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
  • Cited by 19
Publisher:
Cambridge University Press
Online publication date:
May 2015
Print publication year:
2015
Online ISBN:
9781107337015

Book description

Contrary to popular assumption, the development of stronger oversight mechanisms actually leads to greater secrecy rather than the reverse. When Should State Secrets Stay Secret? examines modern trends in intelligence oversight development by focusing on how American oversight mechanisms combine to bolster an internal security system and thus increase the secrecy of the intelligence enterprise. Genevieve Lester uniquely examines how these oversight mechanisms have developed within all three branches of government, how they interact, and what types of historical pivot points have driven change among them. She disaggregates the concept of accountability into a series of specified criteria in order to grapple with these pivot points. This book concludes with a discussion of a series of normative questions, suggesting ways to improve oversight mechanisms based on the analytical criteria laid out in the analysis. It also includes a chapter on the workings of the CIA to which a number of CIA officers contributed.

Awards

Winner, 2016 Choice Outstanding Academic Title

Refine List

Actions for selected content:

Select all | Deselect all
  • View selected items
  • Export citations
  • Download PDF (zip)
  • Save to Kindle
  • Save to Dropbox
  • Save to Google Drive

Save Search

You can save your searches here and later view and run them again in "My saved searches".

Please provide a title, maximum of 40 characters.
×

Contents

Bibliography
Aberbach, Joel D.The Congressional Committee Intelligence System: Information, Oversight and Change.” Congress and the Presidency 14 (1987): 51–76.
Aberbach, Joel D.Keeping a Watchful Eye: The Politics of Congressional Oversight. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 1990.
Adams, Gordon and Williams, Cindy. Buying National Security: How America Plans and Pays for its Global Role and Safety at Home. London: Routledge, 2009.
Aldrich, Howard, and Herker, Diane. “Boundary Spanning Roles and Organization Structure.” Academy of Management Review 2 (1977): 217–30.
Allen, Michael. Blinking Red: Crisis and Compromise in American Intelligence after 9/11. Dulles, VA: Potomac, 2013.
Andrew, Christopher. For the President's Eyes Only: Secret Intelligence and the American Presidency from Washington to Bush. New York: Harper Collins, 1995.
Baker, James E.In the Common Defense: National Security Law for Perilous Times. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
Baldwin, Jr., Fletcher N., and Shaw, Robert B.. “Down to the Wire: Assessing the Constitutionality of the National Security Agency's Warrantless Wiretapping Program: Exit the Rule of Law.” University of Florida Journal of Law and Public Policy 17 (2006): 429–72.
Bamford, James. The Puzzle Palace: A Report on America's Most Secret Agency. New York: Penguin, 1983.
Banks, William C.The Death of FISA.” Minnesota Law Review 91 (2007): 1209–1301.
Banks, William C.Response to the Ten Questions.” William Mitchell Law Review 35 (2009): 5007–17.
Barrett, David M.The CIA and Congress: The Untold Story from Truman to Kennedy. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2005.
Barry, James A.Managing Covert Political Action: Guideposts from Just War Theory.” Studies in Intelligence 36, no. 5 (1992): 19–31.
Bean, Hamilton. “Organizational Culture and US Intelligence Affairs.” Intelligence and National Security 24, no. 4 (2009): 479–98.
Bearden, Milton and Risen, James. The Main Enemy: The Inside Story of the CIA's Final Showdown with the KGB. New York: Random House, 2004.
Bedan, Matt. “Echelon's Effect: The Obsolescence of the U.S. Foreign Intelligence Legal Regime.” Federal Communications Law Journal 59, no. 2 (2007): 426–44.
Best, Jr., Richard A.Intelligence Authorization Legislation: Status and Challenges. CRS Report R40240, January 27, 2010.
Betts, Richard K.Analysis, War, and Decision: Why Intelligence Failures Are Inevitable.” World Politics 31 (1978): 61–89.
Betts, Richard K.Enemies of Intelligence: Knowledge and Power in American National Security. New York: Columbia University Press, 2007.
Bloom, Robert M., and Dunn, William J., “The Constitutional Infirmity of Warrantless NSA Surveillance: The Abuse of Presidential Power and the Injury to the Fourth Amendment.” William and Mary Bill of Rights Journal 15 (2006): 147–202.
Boren, David L.The Winds of Change at the CIA.” Yale Law Journal 101, no. 4 (1992): 853–65.
Bovens, Mark. “Analysing and Assessing Accountability: A Conceptual Framework.” European Law Journal 13 (2007): 447–68.
Bradley, Alison A.Extremism in the Defense of Liberty? The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act and the Significance of the USA PATRIOT ACT.” Tulane Law Review 77 (2002–3): 465–93.
Breglio, Nola K.Leaving FISA Behind: The Need to Return to Warrantless Foreign Intelligence Surveillance.” Yale Law Journal 113 (2003): 179–217.
Brooks, David G. Presentation at International Spy Museum, Washington, DC, February 7, 2011.
Burton, Adam. “Fixing FISA for Long War: Regulating Warrantless Surveillance in the Age of Terrorism.” Pierce Law Review 4 (2005–6): 381–404.
Cain, Bruce E., Egan, Patrick, and Fabbrini, Sergio. “Towards More Open Democracies: The Expansion of Freedom of Information Laws.” In Democracy Transformed? Expanding Political Opportunities in Advanced Industrial Democracies, edited by Bruce E. Cain, Russell J. Dalton, and Susan E. Scarrow, 115–39. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.
Calvert, Randall L., Moran, Mark J., and Weingast, Barry R., “Congressional Influence over Policymaking: the Case of the FTC.” In Congress: Structure and Policy, edited by Mathew D. McCubbins and Terry Sullivan, 493–522. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.
Campbell, Colton C., Rae, Nicol C., and Stack, John F., Jr. Congress and the Politics of Foreign Policy. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2003.
Central Intelligence Agency, Inspector General. OIG Report on CIA Accountability with Respect to the 9/11 Attacks: Executive Summary, June 2005, publicly released April 2007. Available online at https://www.cia.gov/library/reports/Executive%20Summary_OIG%20Report.pdf (downloaded March 18, 2009).
Central Intelligence Agency, Inspector General. Key Unclassified Conclusions from CIA Inspector General Report: “(U)Procedures Used in Narcotics Airbridge Denial Program in Peru, 1995–2001,” August 25, 2008. Available online at http://hoekstra.house.gov/UploadedFiles/Peru__Release__Key_Unclassified_Conclusions_from_CIA_Inspector_General_Report.pdf (downloaded March 6, 2009).
Central Intelligence Agency. Family Jewels 00418 (1973). Available online at http://www.foia.cia.gov.
Champion, J. Christopher. “The Revamped FISA: Striking a Better Balance between the Government's Need to Protect Itself and the 4th Amendment.” Vanderbilt Law Review 58 (2005): 1671–1704.
Check, Ryan M., and Radsan, A. John. “One Lantern in the Darkest Night – the CIA's Inspector General.” William Mitchell College of Law Legal Studies Research Paper Series, paper no. 119, July 28, 2009: 1–50
Cinquegrana, Americo R.Dancing in the Dark: Accepting the Invitation to Struggle in the Context of ‘Covert Action,’ the Iran-Contra Affair and the Intelligence Oversight Process.” Houston Journal of International Law 11 (1988–9): 177–209.
Cinquegrana, Americo R.The Walls (and Wires) Have Ears: The Background and First Ten Years of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978.” University of Pennsylvania Law Review 137 (1989): 793–828.
Colby, William. Honorable Men: My Life in the CIA. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1978.
Cole, David. “Reviving the Nixon Doctrine: NSA Spying, the Commander-in-Chief and Executive Power in the War on Terror.” Washington and Lee Journal of Civil Rights and Social Justice 13 (2006): 17–40.
Cole, David, and Lederman, Martin S.. “The National Security Agency's Domestic Spying Program: Framing the Debate.” Indiana Law Journal 81 (2006): 1355–1425.
Conner, William E.Reforming Oversight of Covert Actions after the Iran-Contra Affair: A Legislative History of the Intelligence Authorization Act for FY 1991.” Virginia Journal of International Law 32, no. 4 (1991–2): 871–928.
Cooper Blum, Stephanie. “What Really Is at Stake with the FISA Amendments Act of 2008 and Ideas for Future Surveillance Reform.” Public Interest Law Journal 18, no. 2 (2009): 269–314.
Cumming, Alfred. “Gang of Four” Congressional Intelligence Notifications. CRS Report R40698, January 29, 2010.
Cumming, Alfred. Sensitive Covert Action Notification: Oversight Options for Congress. CRS Report R40691, January 29, 2010.
Daugherty, William J.Executive Secrets: Covert Action and the Presidency. Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 2008.
Davidson, Roger H.Congressional Committees as Moving Targets.” Legislative Studies Quarterly 11 (1986): 19–33.
Davies, Philip H. J.Intelligence Culture and Intelligence Failure in Britain and the United States.” Cambridge Review of International Affairs 17 (2004): 495–520.
Diamond, John. The CIA and the Culture of Failure: US Intelligence from the End of the Cold War to the Invasion of Iraq. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2008.
Dowdle, Michael W. “Public Accountability: Conceptual, Historical, and Epistemic Mappings.” In Public Accountability: Designs, Dilemmas and Experiences, edited by Michael W. Dowdle, 1–29. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
Drumheller, Tyler. On the Brink: An Insider's Account of How the White House Compromised American Intelligence. New York: Carroll and Graf, 2006.
Evans, Diana. “Congressional Oversight and the Diversity of Members’ Goals.” Political Science Quarterly 109 (1994): 669–87.
Faddis, Charles S.The Decline and Fall of the CIA. Guildford CT: Lyons Press, 2010.
Fenno, Jr., Richard F.Congressmen in Committees. Boston: Little, Brown, 1973.
Ferejohn, John. “Accountability and Authority: Toward a Theory of Political Accountability.” In Democracy, Accountability and Representation, edited by Adam Przeworski, Susan Carol Stokes, and Bernard Manin, 131–53. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
Final Report of the National Commission on the Attacks on the United States. New York: W. W. Norton, 2004.
Fisher, Louis. “How Tightly Can Congress Draw the Purse Strings?American Journal of International Law 83, no. 4 (1989) 758–66.
Forgang, Jonathan D.‘The Right of the People’: The NSA, the FISA Amendments Act of 2008, and the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance of Americans Overseas.” Fordham Law Review 78 (2009–10): 237–9.
Gannon, John C. “Managing Analysis in the Information Age.” In Analyzing Intelligence: Origins, Obstacles, and Innovations, edited by Roger Z. George and James B. Bruce. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 2008.
Gates, Margaret J., and Knowles, Marjorie Fine. “The Inspector General Act in the Federal Government: A New Approach to Accountability.” Alabama Law Review 36 (1985): 473–514.
Gates, Robert M. “American Intelligence and Congressional Oversight.” Presentation to World Affairs Council of Boston, January 15, 1993.
Gates, Robert M.From the Shadows: The Ultimate Insider's Story of Five Presidents and How They Won the Cold War. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1996.
Gellman, Barton. Angler: The Cheney Vice Presidency. New York: Penguin Press, 2008.
Gerber, Burton. “The Ethical Aspects of Intelligence Work: The Cold War and Beyond.” Presentation at DePauw University, March 22, 2001.
Gill, Peter. “Democratic and Parliamentary Accountability of Intelligence Services after September 11.” Paper presented at Workshop on Democratic and Parliamentary Oversight of Intelligence Services, Geneva, October 2–5, 2002.
Gill, Peter. “The Politicization of Intelligence: Lessons from the Invasion of Iraq.” In Who's Watching the Spies, edited by Hans Born, Loch K. Johnson, and Ian Leigh, 12–33. Washington, DC: Potomac, 2005.
Goldsmith, Jack. The Terror Presidency: Law and Judgment Inside the Bush Administration. New York: W. W. Norton, 2007.
Goldsmith, Michael. “The Supreme Court and Title III: Rewriting the Law of Electronic Surveillance.” Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 74 (1983): 1–171.
Grant, Ruth W., and Keohane, Robert O.. “Accountability and Abuses of Power in World Politics.” American Political Science Review 99, no. 1 (2005): 29–43.
Grossman, Andrew. Neither Dead nor Red: Civil Defense and American Political Development in the Early Cold War. New York: Routledge, 2001.
Gumina, Paul. “Title VI of the Intelligence Authorization Act, Fiscal Year 1991: Effective Covert Action Reform or ‘Business as Usual’.” Hastings Constitutional Law Quarterly 20 (1992–3): 149–205.
Hardin, David. “The Fuss over Two Small Words: The Unconstitutionality of the USA PATRIOT Act Amendments to FISA under the Fourth Amendment.” George Washington Law Review 71 (2003): 291–346.
Hayden, Michael V. “Address to the National Press Club: What American Intelligence and Especially the NSA Have Been Doing to Defend the Nation.” National Press Club, Washington, DC, January 23, 2006.
Hersh, Seymour. “Huge CIA Operation in US against Antiwar Forces, Other Dissidents in Nixon Years.” New York Times, December 22, 1974.
Hinrichs, Christine E.Flying under the Radar or an Unnecessary Intelligence Watchdog: A Review of the President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board.” William Mitchell Law Review 35, no. 5 (2009): 5109–18.
Hitz, Frederick P.Why Spy? Espionage in an Age of Uncertainty. New York: Thomas Dunne, 2008.
Howard, Michael, and Paret, Peter, trans. On War (Carl von Clausewitz). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1976.
Hulnick, Arthur S.Openness: Being Public About Secret Intelligence.” International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence 12 (1999): 463–83.
Jehl, Douglas. “Report Warned CIA on Tactics in Interrogation.”3New York Times, November 9, 2005.
Jeffreys-Jones, Rhodri. The CIA and American Democracy, 3rd edition. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2003.
Jervis, Robert. “Intelligence, Civil-intelligence Relations, and Democracy,” in Reforming Intelligence: Obstacles to Democratic Control and Effectiveness, edited by Thomas C. Bruneau and Steven C. Boraz, vii–xx. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 2007.
Jervis, Robert. “Intelligence, Counterintelligence, Perception, and Deception.” In Vaults, Mirrors, and Masks, edited by Jennifer E. Sims and Burton Gerber, 69–80. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 2009.
Jervis, Robert. Why Intelligence Fails: Lessons from the Iranian Revolution and the Iraq War. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2010.
Johnson, Loch K.The U.S. Congress and the CIA: Monitoring the Dark Side of Government.” Legislative Studies Quarterly 5 (1980): 477–99.
Johnson, Loch K.A Season of Inquiry. Chicago: Dorsey Press, 1988.
Johnson, Loch K.America's Secret Power: The CIA in a Democratic Society. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989.
Johnson, Loch K.Covert Action and Accountability: Decision-Making for America's Secret Foreign Policy.” International Studies Quarterly 33 (1989): 81–109.
Johnson, Loch K.Bombs, Bugs, Drugs and Thugs: Intelligence and America's Quest for Security.New York: New York University Press, 2002.
Johnson, Loch K.Bricks and Mortar for a Theory of Intelligence.” Comparative Strategy 22 (2003): 1–28.
Johnson, Loch K. “Governing in the Absence of Angels.” In Who's Watching the Spies? Edited by Hans Born, Loch K. Johnson, and Ian Leigh, 57–78. Washington, DC: Potomac, 2005.
Johnson, Loch K.A Framework for Strengthening U.S. Intelligence.” Yale Journal of International Affairs 1 (2006): 116–131.
Johnson, Loch K.The Church Committee Investigation of 1975 and the Evolution of Modern Intelligence Accountability.” Intelligence and National Security 23 (2008): 198–225.
Johnson, Loch K. “A Shock Theory of Congressional Accountability for Intelligence.” In Handbook of Intelligence Studies, edited by Loch K. Johnson, 343–60. London: Routledge, 2009.
Johnston, David, and Shane, Scott. “CIA Fires Senior Officer over Leaks.” New York Times, April 22, 2006.
Jonas, David S.The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act through the Lens of the 9/11 Commission Report: The Wisdom of the PATRIOT ACT Amendments and the Decision of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review.” North Carolina Central Law Journal 27 (2004–5):
Jones, Ishmael. The Human Factor: Inside the CIA's Dysfunctional Intelligence Culture. New York: Encounter, 2008.
Kahn, David. “An Historical Theory of Intelligence.” Intelligence and National Security 16 (2001): 79–92.
Kaiser, Frederick M. “Statutory Offices of Inspector General: Past and Present.” CRS Report for Congress, updated September 25, 2008.
Kaiser, Frederick M.Congressional Oversight of Intelligence: Current Structure and Alternatives. Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service, 2011.
Kessler, Ronald. The CIA at War: Inside the Secret Campaign against Terror. New York: St Martin's Griffin, 2003.
Kingdon, John. Agendas, Alternatives, and Public Policies, 2nd edition. Boston: Addison-Wesley, 1995.
Kitts, Kenneth. “Commission Politics and National Security: Gerald Ford's Response to the CIA Controversy of 1975.” Presidential Studies Quarterly 26, no. 4 (1996): 1081–98.
Koh, Harold Hongju. The National Security Constitution: Sharing Power after the Iran-Contra Affair. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1990.
Legislative Oversight of Intelligence Activities: The US Experience. Report prepared by the Select Committee on Intelligence, United States Senate, October 1994.
Leonnig, Carol D., and Nakashima, Ellen, “Ruling Limited Spying Efforts: Move to Amend FISA Sparked by Judge's Decision.” Washington Post, August 3, 2007.
Lester, Genevieve. “Societal Acceptability of Domestic Intelligence.” In The Challenge of Domestic Intelligence in a Free Society: A Multidisciplinary Look at the Creation of U.S. Domestic Counterterrorism Intelligence Agency, edited by Brian A. Jackson, 79–104. Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 2009.
Lichtblau, Eric, and Risen, James, “Bush Lets US Spy on Callers without Courts.” New York Times, December 16, 2005.
Lowenthal, Mark M.Intelligence: From Secrets to Policy, 4th edition. Washington, DC: CQ Press, 2009.
Lundberg, Kirsten. Congressional Oversight and Presidential Prerogative. Harvard Case Study C14-01-1605.0, (2001).
Lupia, Arthur, and McCubbins, Mathew D., “Designing Bureaucratic Accountability.” Law and Contemporary Problems 57 (1994): 91–126.
MacGaffin, John. “Clandestine Human Intelligence.” In Transforming U.S. Intelligence, edited by Jennifer E. Sims and Burton Gerber, 79–95. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 2005.
Manget, Frederic F. “Another System of Oversight: Intelligence and the Rise of Judicial Intervention.” In Strategic Intelligence: Windows into a Secret World, edited by Loch K. Johnson and James J. Wirtz, 407–13. Los Angeles: Roxbury, 2005.
Manget, Frederic F. “Intelligence and the Rise of Judicial Intervention.” In Handbook of Intelligence Studies, edited by Loch K. Johnson, 329–42. London: Routledge, 2009.
Mansfield, Mark. “A Discussion on Service with Former CIA Director Michael Hayden.” Studies in Intelligence 54, no. 2 (2010): 1–7.
Marchetti, Victor, and Marks, John D.. The CIA and the Cult of Intelligence. New York: Borzoi, 1974.
Mayer, Jane. “The Secret Sharer: Is Thomas Drake an Enemy of the State?” New Yorker, May 23, 2011.
Mayer, Jane. “The Black Sites: A Rare Look inside the CIA's Secret Interrogation Program.” New Yorker, August 13, 2007.
Mazzetti, Mark. “CIA Chief Defends Review on Agency's Inspector General.” New York Times, October 23, 2007.
Mazzetti, Mark. “CIA Tells of Changes for Its Internal Inquiries.” New York Times, February 2, 2008.
Mazzetti, Mark, and Shane, Scott. “Watchdog of CIA Is Subject of CIA Inquiry.” New York Times, October 11, 2007.
McCubbins, Matthew D., and Schwartz, Thomas, “Congressional Oversight Overlooked: Police Patrols versus Fire Alarms.” American Journal of Political Science 28 (1984): 165–79.
McDonald, Catherine. “Government, Funded Nonprofits and Accountability.” Nonprofit Management and Leadership I8 (1997): 51–64.
Medina, Carmen A.What to Do When Traditional Models Fail.” Studies in Intelligence 46 (2002): 23–8.
Meyer, John W., and Rowan, Brian, “Institutionalized Organizations: Formal Structure as Myth and Ceremony,” in The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis, edited by Walter W. Powell and Paul J. Dimaggio, 41–62. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991.
Miller, Greg. “Departing CIA Chief Hayden Defends Interrogations.” Los Angeles Times, January 16, 2009.
Miller, Michael C.Standing in the Wake of the Terrorist Surveillance Program: A Modified Standard for Challenges to Secret Government Surveillance.” Rutgers Law Review 60, no. 4 (2008): 1039–72.
Mulgan, Richard. “‘Accountability’: An Ever-Expanding Concept?Public Administration 78, no. 3 (2000): 555–73.
Mulgan, Richard. Holding Power to Account: Accountability in Modern Democracies.New York: Palgrave, 2003.
Naftali, Timothy. Blind Spot: The Secret History of American Counterterrorism. New York: Basic Books, 2005.
Nakashima, Ellen, and Markon, Jerry, “NSA Leak Trial Exposes Dilemma for Justice Department.” Washington Post, June 10, 2011.
Odom, William E.Fixing Intelligence for a More Secure America, 2nd edition. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2003.
Ogul, Morris S.Congress Oversees the Bureaucracy: Studies in Legislative Supervision. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1976.
Ogul, Morris S., and Rockman, Bert A.. “Overseeing Oversight: New Departures and Old Problems.” Legislative Studies Quarterly 15 (1990): 5–24.
Orton, James Douglas. “Enactment, Sensemaking and Decisionmaking: Redesign Processes in the 1976 Reorganization of US Intelligence.” Journal of Management Studies 37 (March 2000): 213–34.
Oseth, John M.Regulating U.S. Intelligence Operations: A Study in the Definition of the National Interest. Lexington: University of Kentucky, 1985.
Pallitto, Robert M., and Weaver, William G.. Presidential Secrecy and the Law.Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2007.
Pillar, Paul R. “Intelligence, Policy and the War in Iraq.” Foreign Affairs (March/April 2006).
Pillar, Paul R.Intelligence and U.S. Foreign Policy: Iraq, 9/11, and Misguided Reform. New York: Columbia University Press, 2011.
Pincus, Walter. “Lawmakers Criticize CIA Director's Review Order.” Washington Post, October 13, 2007.
Pines, Daniel L.The Central Intelligence Agency's ‘Family Jewels’: Legal Then? Legal Now?Indiana Law Journal 84 (2009): 637–88.
POGO Report, Inspectors General: Accountability Is a Balancing Act. Washington, DC: POGO, 2008.
Posner, Richard A. “Torture, Terrorism, and Interrogation.” In Torture: A Collection, edited by Sanford Levinson, 291–8. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004.
Posner, Richard A.Preventing Surprise Attacks: Intelligence Reform in the Wake of 9/11. Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press, 2005.
Prados, John. The Family Jewels: The CIA, Secrecy, and Presidential Power. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 2013.
Prados, John. President's Secret Wars: CIA and Pentagon Covert Operations since World War II. Morrow: New York, 1986.
Prados, John. Safe for Democracy: The Secret Wars of the CIA. Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 2006.
Priest, Dana, and Arkin, William M., Top Secret America: The Rise of the New American Security State. New York: Little Brown, 2011.
Radsan, A. John. “Sed Quis Custodiet Ispos Custodes: The CIA's Office of General Counsel?Journal of National Security Law and Policy 2, no. 201 (2006–8): 201–55.
Reisman, W. Michael, and Baker, James E.. Regulating Covert Action: Practices, Contexts, and Policies of Covert Coercion Abroad in International and American Law. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1992.
Report to the President by the Commission on CIA Activities within the United States (Rockefeller Commission Report), June 1975.
Richelson, Jeffrey T.The US Intelligence Community, 5th edition. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 2008.
Rizzo, John. Company Man: Thirty Years of Controversy and Crisis in the CIA. New York: Scribner, 2014.
Roberts, Alasdair. Blacked Out: Government Secrecy in the Information Age. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
Rockman, Bert A.Legislative-Executive Relations and Legislative Oversight.” Legislative Studies Quarterly 9 (1984): 387–440.
Rodriguez, Jr., Jose, and Harlow, Bill. Hard Measures: How Aggressive American Actions after 9/11 Saved American Lives. New York: Threshold, 2012.
Romzek, Barbara S., and Dubnick, Melvin J.. “Accountability in the Public Sector: Lessons from the Challenger Tragedy.” Public Administration Review 47 (1987): 227–38.
Rosen, Bernard. Holding Government Bureaucracies Accountable, 3rd edition. Westport, CT: Praeger, 1998.
Rudgers, David F.The Origins of Covert Action.” Journal of Contemporary History 35 (2000): 249–62.
Sample, Timothy R. “A Federal Approach to Domestic Intelligence.” In Vaults, Mirrors and Masks: Rediscovering U.S. Counterintelligence, edited by Jennifer E. Sims and Burton Gerber, 241–60. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 2009.
Sappington, David E. M.Incentives in Principal–Agent Relationships.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 5 (1991): 45–66.
Savage, Charlie. “President Weakens Espionage Oversight: Board Created by Ford Loses Most of Its Power.” Boston Globe, March 14, 2008.
Schwarz, Jr., Frederick A. O., and Huq, Aziz Z., Unchecked and Unbalanced: Presidential Power in a Time of Terror. New York: New Press, 2007.
Schoenfeld, Gabriel. Necessary Secrets: National Security, the Media, and the Rule of Law. New York: W. W. Norton, 2010.
Sciaroni, Bretton G.The Theory and Practice of Executive Branch Oversight.” Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy 12 (1989): 397–432.
Scott, W. Richard. Organizations: Rational, Natural, and Open Systems, 5th edition. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2003.
Seamon, Richard, and Gardner, William. “Does (Should) the PATRIOT ACT Raze (or Raise) ‘the Wall’ Between Foreign Intelligence and Criminal Law Enforcement?” (2004) Available at SSRN: 1–116.
Shenon, Philip. The Commission: The Uncensored History of the 9/11 Investigation. New York: Twelve, 2008.
Shulsky, Abram N., and Schmitt, Gary J.. Silent Warfare: Understanding the World of Intelligence, 3rd edition. Washington, DC: Potomac, 2002.
Silverstein, Gordon. Imbalance of Powers: Constitutional Interpretation and the Making of American Foreign Policy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997.
Simon, Herbert A.Administrative Behavior, 4th edition. New York: Free Press, 1997.
Sims, Jennifer E. “Twenty-first-Century Counterintelligence: The Theoretical Basis for Reform.” In Vaults, Mirrors and Masks: Rediscovering U.S. Counterintelligence, edited by Jennifer E. Sims and Burton Gerber, 19–50. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 2009.
Sinclair, Amanda. “The Chameleon of Accountability: Forms and Discourses.” Accounting, Organizations and Society 20, no. 2/3 (1995): 219–37.
Smist, Jr., Frank J.Congress Oversees the United States Intelligence Community: 1947–1994, 2nd edition. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1994.
Snider, L. Britt. “Creating a Statutory Inspector General at the CIA.” Studies in Intelligence 44, (2001): 15–21.
Snider, L. Britt. The Agency and the Hill: CIA's Relationship with Congress, 1946–2004. Washington, DC: Center for the Study of Intelligence, 2008.
Solove, Daniel J.Nothing to Hide: The False Tradeoff between Privacy and Security. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2011.
Spaulding, Suzanne E. “Power Play: Did Bush Roll Past the Legal Stop Signs?” Washington Post, December 25, 2005.
Stolz, Barbara Ann. “The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978: The Role of Symbolic Politics.” Law and Policy 24 (2002): 269–98.
Strickland, Lee S.Civil Liberties vs. Intelligence Collection: the Secret Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act Court Speaks in Public.” Government Information Quarterly 20 (2003): 1–12.
Taylor Saito, Naitsu. “Whose Liberty? Whose Security? The USA PATRIOT Act in the Context of COINTELPRO and the Unlawful Repression of Political Dissent.” Oregon Law Review 81 (2002): 1051–132.
Tenet, George, and Harlow, Bill. At the Center of the Storm: My Years at the CIA. New York: HarperCollins, 2007.
Thelen, Kathleen. “How Institutions Evolve: Insights from Comparative Historical Analysis.” In Comparative Historical Analysis in the Social Sciences, edited by James Mahoney and Dietrich Rueschemeyer, 208–40. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
Theoharis, Athan. Spying on Americans: Political Surveillance from Hoover to the Huston Plan. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1978.
Thompson, James D.Organizations in Action: Social Science Bases of Administrative Theory, 4th printing. New Jersey: Transaction, 2006.
Treverton, Gregory F.Covert Action: The Limits of Intervention in the Postwar World. Basic Books: New York, 1987.
Treverton, Gregory F. “Intelligence: Welcome to the American Government.” In A Question of Balance: The President, the Congress, Foreign Policy, edited by Thomas E. Mann, pp. 70–108. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 1990.
Treverton, Gregory F.Reshaping National Intelligence for an Age of Information. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.
Treverton, Gregory F.Intelligence for an Age of Terror. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.
Turner, Michael A.A Distinctive U.S. Intelligence Identity.” International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence 17, no. 1 (2004) 42–61.
Turner, Stansfield. Burn before Reading: Presidents, CIA Directors, and Secret Intelligence. New York: Hyperion, 2005.
Vaughan, Diane. The Challenger Launch Decision: Risky Technology, Culture, and Deviance at NASA. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996.
Waldron, Jeremy. “Security and Liberty: The Image of Balance.” Journal of Political Philosophy 11 (2003): 191–210
Waller, Douglas. Wild Bill Donovan: The Spymaster Who Created the OSS and Modern American Espionage. New York: Free Press, 2011.
Weiner, Tim. Legacy of Ashes: The History of the CIA. New York: Doubleday, 2007.
Wetzling, Thorsten. “Intelligence Accountability in Germany and the United Kingdom: Same Myth, Different Celebration?” Ph.D. diss., University of Geneva, 2010.
Willis, Henry, Lester, Genevieve, and Treverton, Gregory F., “Information Sharing for Infrastructure Risk Management: Barriers and Solutions.” Intelligence and National Security 24 (2009): 339–65.
Wilson, James Q.Bureaucracy. New York: Basic Books, 1989.
Wohlstetter, Roberta. Pearl Harbor: Warning and Decision. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1962 .
Wong, Katherine. Recent Developments, “The NSA Terrorist Surveillance Program.” Harvard Journal on Legislation 43 (2006): 517–34.
Yoo, John. “The Terrorist Surveillance Program and the Constitution.” George Mason Law Review 14 (2007): 565–604.
Zegart, Amy B.Flawed by Design: The Evolution of the CIA, JSC, and NSC. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1999.
Zegart, Amy B.Spying Blind: The CIA, the FBI, and the Origins of 9/11. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2007.
Zegart, Amy B.Eyes on Spies: Congress and the United States Intelligence Community. Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press, 2011.
Zegart, Amy B.The Domestic Politics of Irrational Intelligence Oversight.” Political Science Quarterly 126 (2011): 1–25.
Zelizer, Julian E.Arsenal of Democracy: The Politics of National Security – from World War II to the War on Terrorism. New York: Basic Books, 2010.

Metrics

Altmetric attention score

Full text views

Total number of HTML views: 0
Total number of PDF views: 0 *
Loading metrics...

Book summary page views

Total views: 0 *
Loading metrics...

* Views captured on Cambridge Core between #date#. This data will be updated every 24 hours.

Usage data cannot currently be displayed.