Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-5wvtr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-16T12:04:08.998Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 8 - Management of lung cancer in older adults

from Part 2 - Management of solid tumors in older adults

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 August 2011

Arti Hurria
Affiliation:
City of Hope Cancer Center, California
Harvey Jay Cohen
Affiliation:
Duke University Medical Center, Durham
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2010

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Parkin, DM, Bray, F, Ferlay, J. Global cancer statistics, 2002. CA Cancer J Clin. 2005;55:74–108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jemal, A, Siegel, R, Ward, E. Cancer statistics, 2008. CA Cancer J Clin. 2008;58:71–96.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Owonikoko, TK, Ragin, CC, Belani, CP. Lung cancer in elderly patients: an analysis of the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results database. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25:5570–5577.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Edwards, BK, Howe, HL, Ries, . Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1973–1999, featuring implications of age and aging on U.S. cancer burden. Cancer. 2002;94: 2766–2792.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bunn, PA. Chemotherapy for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: who, what, when, why?J Clin Oncol. 2002;20:23S–33S.Google ScholarPubMed
Govindan, R, Page, N, Morgensztern, D. Changing epidemiology of small-cell lung cancer in the United States over the last 30 years: analysis of the surveillance, epidemiologic, and end results database. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24:4539–4544.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wakelee, HA, Chang, ET, Gomez, SL. Lung cancer incidence in never smokers. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25:472–478.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hutchins, LF, Unger, JM, Crowley, JJ. Underrepresentation of patients 65 years of age or older in cancer-treatment trials. N Engl J Med. 1999;341:2061–2067.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McLean, AJ, Couteur, DG. Aging biology and geriatric clinical pharmacology. Pharmacol Rev. 2004;56:163–184.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
,Effects of vinorelbine on quality of life and survival of elderly patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.The Elderly Lung Cancer Vinorelbine Italian Study Group. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1999;91:66–72.Google Scholar
Kudoh, S, Takeda, K, Nakagawa, K. Phase III study of docetaxel compared with vinorelbine in elderly patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: results of the West Japan Thoracic Oncology Group Trial (WJTOG 9904). J Clin Oncol. 2006;24:3657–3663.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gridelli, C, Perrone, F, Gallo, C. Chemotherapy for elderly patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: the Multicenter Italian Lung Cancer in the Elderly Study (MILES) phase III randomized trial. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2003;95:362–372.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lilenbaum, RC, Herndon, JE II, List, MA. Single-agent versus combination chemotherapy in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: the cancer and leukemia group B (study 9730). J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:190–196.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Langer, CJ, Manola, J, Bernardo, P. Cisplatin-based therapy for elderly patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: implications of Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group 5592, a randomized trial. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2002;94: 173–181.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Langer, CJ, Vangel, M, Schiller, J. Age-specific subanalysis of ECOG 1594: fit elderly patients (70–80 yrs) with NSCL do as well as younger pts (<70 years). Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol. 2003;22:639.Google Scholar
Schiller, JH, Harrington, D, Belani, CP. Comparison of four chemotherapy regimens for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 2002;346:92–98.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hensing, TA, Peterman, AH, Schell, MJ. The impact of age on toxicity, response rate, quality of life, and survival in patients with advanced, stage IIIB or IV nonsmall cell lung carcinoma treated with carboplatin and paclitaxel. Cancer. 2003;98:779–788.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Socinski, MA, Schell, MJ, Peterman, A. Phase III trial comparing a defined duration of therapy versus continuous therapy followed by second-line therapy in advanced-stage IIIB/IV non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2002;20:1335–1343.Google ScholarPubMed
Belani, CP, Ramalingam, S, Perry, MC. Randomized, phase III study of weekly paclitaxel in combination with carboplatin versus standard every-3-weeks administration of carboplatin and paclitaxel for patients with previously untreated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26:468–473.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ramalingam, S, Perry, MC, Rocca, RV. Comparison of outcomes for elderly patients treated with weekly paclitaxel in combination with carboplatin versus the standard 3-weekly paclitaxel and carboplatin for advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer. Cancer. 2008;113:542–546.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Belani, CP, Fossella, F. Elderly subgroup analysis of a randomized phase III study of docetaxel plus platinum combinations versus vinorelbine plus cisplatin for first-line treatment of advanced nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (TAX 326). Cancer. 2005;104:2766–2774.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Russo, A, Rizzo, S, Fulfaro, F. Gemcitabine-based doublets versus single-agent therapy for elderly patients with advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer: a literature-based meta-analysis. Cancer. 2009;115(9):124–131.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sandler, A, Gray, R, Perry, MC. Paclitaxel-carboplatin alone or with bevacizumab for non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 2006;355:2542–2550.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ramalingam, SS, Dahlberg, SE, Langer, CJ. Outcomes for elderly, advanced-stage non small-cell lung cancer patients treated with bevacizumab in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel: analysis of Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Trial 4599. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26:60–65.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weiss, GJ, Langer, C, Rosell, R. Elderly patients benefit from second-line cytotoxic chemotherapy: a subset analysis of a randomized phase III trial of pemetrexed compared with docetaxel in patients with previously treated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24:4405–4411.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hanna, N, Shepherd, FA, Fossella, FV. Randomized phase III trial of pemetrexed versus docetaxel in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer previously treated with chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol. 2004;22:1589–1597.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shepherd, FA, Rodrigues, Pereira J, Ciuleanu, T. Erlotinib in previously treated non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 2005;353:123–132.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wheatley-Price, P, Ding, K, Seymour, L. Erlotinib for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer in the elderly: an analysis of the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group Study BR.21. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26:2350–2357.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Paez, JG, Janne, PA, Lee, JC. EGFR mutations in lung cancer: correlation with clinical response to gefitinib therapy. Science. 2004;304:1497– 1500.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lynch, TJ, Bell, DW, Sordella, R. Activating mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor underlying responsiveness of non-small-cell lung cancer to gefitinib. N Engl J Med. 2004;350: 2129–2139.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jackman, DM, Yeap, BY, Lindeman, NI. Phase II clinical trial of chemotherapy-naive patients > or = 70 years of age treated with erlotinib for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25:760–766.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Evans, EW.Resection for bronchial carcinoma in the elderly. Thorax. 1973;28:86–88.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ginsberg, RJ, Hill, LD, Eagan, RT. Modern thirty-day operative mortality for surgical resections in lung cancer. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1983;86:654–658.Google ScholarPubMed
Pignon, JP, Tribodet, H, Scagliotti, GV. Lung adjuvant cisplatin evaluation: a pooled analysis by the LACE Collaborative Group. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26:3552–3559.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Winton, T, Livingston, R, Johnson, D. Vinorelbine plus cisplatin vs. observation in resected non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 2005;352:2589–2597.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Douillard, JY, Rosell, R, Lena, M. Adjuvant vinorelbine plus cisplatin versus observation in patients with completely resected stage IB-IIIA non-small-cell lung cancer (Adjuvant Navelbine International Trialist Association [ANITA]): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol. 2006;7:719–727.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pepe, C, Hasan, B, Winton, TL. Adjuvant vinorelbine and cisplatin in elderly patients: National Cancer Institute of Canada and Intergroup Study JBR.10. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25:1553–1561.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fruh, M, Rolland, E, Pignon, JP. Pooled analysis of the effect of age on adjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy for completely resected non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26:3573–3581.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Curran, W, Scott, C, Langer, CJ. Phase III comparison of sequential vs concurrent chemoradiation for patients (pts) with unresected stage iii non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): Initial report of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) 9410. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol. 2000;19:484a.Google Scholar
Furuse, K, Fukuoka, M, Kawahara, M. Phase III study of concurrent versus sequential thoracic radiotherapy in combination with mitomycin, vindesine, and cisplatin in unresectable stage III non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol. 1999;17:2692–2699.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Belani, CP, Choy, H, Bonomi, P. Combined chemoradiotherapy regimens of paclitaxel and carboplatin for locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a randomized phase ii locally advanced multi-modality protocol. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:5853–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schild, SE, Stella, PJ, Geyer, SM. The outcome of combined-modality therapy for stage III non-small-cell lung cancer in the elderly. J Clin Oncol. 2003;21:3201–3206.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rocha, Lima CM, Herndon, JE II, Kosty, M. Therapy choices among older patients with lung carcinoma: an evaluation of two trials of the Cancer and Leukemia Group B. Cancer. 2002;94:181–187.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Langer, C, Hsu, C, Curran, W. Elderly patients (pts) with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC) benefit from combined modality therapy: secondary analysis of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) 94-10 [abstract]. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol. 2002;20:1193.Google Scholar
Owonikoko, TR, Belani, CP, Oton, AB. Lung cancer in elderly patients: an analysis of the SEER database. J Clin Oncol. 25(35):5570–5577.CrossRef
Gaspar, , Gay, EG, Crawford, J. Limited-stage small-cell lung cancer (stages I–III): observations from the National Cancer Data Base. Clin Lung Cancer. 2005;6:355–360.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mascaux, C, Paesmans, M, Berghmans, T. A systematic review of the role of etoposide and cisplatin in the chemotherapy of small cell lung cancer with methodology assessment and meta-analysis. Lung Cancer. 2000;30:23–36.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pujol, JL, Carestia, L, Daures, JP. Is there a case for cisplatin in the treatment of small-cell lung cancer? A meta-analysis of randomized trials of a cisplatin-containing regimen versus a regimen without this alkylating agent. Br J Cancer. 2000;83: 8–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fukuda, M, Soda, H, Soejima, Y. A phase I trial of carboplatin and etoposide for elderly (> or = 75 year-old) patients with small-cell lung cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2006;58:601–606.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Quoix, E, Breton, JL, Daniel, C. Etoposide phosphate with carboplatin in the treatment of elderly patients with small-cell lung cancer: a phase II study. Ann Oncol. 2001;12:957–962.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Larive, S, Bombaron, P, Riou, R. Carboplatin-etoposide combination in small cell lung cancer patients older than 70 years: a phase II trial. Lung Cancer. 2002;35:1–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Okamoto, H, Watanabe, K, Kunikane, H. Randomised phase III trial of carboplatin plus etoposide vs split doses of cisplatin plus etoposide in elderly or poor-risk patients with extensive disease small-cell lung cancer: JCOG 9702. Br J Cancer. 2007;97:162–169.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Noda, K, Nishiwaki, Y, Kawahara, M. Irinotecan plus cisplatin compared with etoposide plus cisplatin for extensive small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 2002;346:85–91.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hanna, N, Bunn, PA, Langer, C. Randomized phase III trial comparing irinotecan/cisplatin with etoposide/cisplatin in patients with previously untreated extensive-stage disease small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24:2038–2043.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Natale, NB, Lara, P, Chansky, K. S0124: a randomized phase III trial comparing irinotecan/cisplatin (IP) with etoposide/cisplatin (EP) in patients (pts) with previously untreated extensive stage small cell lung cancer (E-SCLC) [abstract]. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26:7512.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pawel, J, Schiller, JH, Shepherd, FA. Topotecan versus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and vincristine for the treatment of recurrent small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol. 1999;17:658–667.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O';Brien, ME, Ciuleanu, TE, Tsekov, H. Phase III trial comparing supportive care alone with supportive care with oral topotecan in patients with relapsed small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24:5441–5447.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pignon, JP, Arriagada, R, Ihde, DC. A meta-analysis of thoracic radiotherapy for small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 1992;327:1618–1624.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Arriagada, R, Pignon, JP, Ihde, DC. Effect of thoracic radiotherapy on mortality in limited small cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis of 13 randomized trials among 2,140 patients. Anticancer Res. 1994;14:333–335.Google ScholarPubMed
Warde, P, Payne, D. Does thoracic irradiation improve survival and local control in limited-stage small-cell carcinoma of the lung? A meta-analysis. J Clin Oncol. 1992;10:890–895.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Turrisi, AT, Kim, K, Blum, R. Twice-daily compared with once-daily thoracic radiotherapy in limited small-cell lung cancer treated concurrently with cisplatin and etoposide. N Engl J Med. 1999;340:265–271.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Movsas, B, Moughan, J, Komaki, R. Radiotherapy patterns of care study in lung carcinoma. J Clin Oncol. 2003;21:4553–4559.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yuen, AR, Zou, G, Turrisi, AT. Similar outcome of elderly patients in intergroup trial 0096: cisplatin, etoposide, and thoracic radiotherapy administered once or twice daily in limited stage small cell lung carcinoma. Cancer. 2000;89:1953–1960.3.3.CO;2-Y>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schild, SE, Stella, PJ, Brooks, BJ. Results of combined-modality therapy for limited-stage small cell lung carcinoma in the elderly. Cancer. 2005;103:2349–2354.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Socinski, MA, Bogart, JA. Limited-stage small-cell lung cancer: the current status of combined-modality therapy. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25:4137–4145.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schild, SE, Bonner, JA, Hillman, S. Results of a phase II study of high-dose thoracic radiation therapy with concurrent cisplatin and etoposide in limited-stage small-cell lung cancer (NCCTG 95-20-53). J Clin Oncol. 2007;25:3124–3129.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bogart, JA, Herndon, JE II, Lyss, AP. 70 Gy thoracic radiotherapy is feasible concurrent with chemotherapy for limited-stage small-cell lung cancer: analysis of Cancer and Leukemia Group B study 39808. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2004;59:460–468.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pijls-Johannesma, M, Ruysscher, D, Vansteenkiste, J. Timing of chest radiotherapy in patients with limited stage small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Cancer Treat Rev. 2007;33:461–473.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Murray, N, Grafton, C, Shah, A. Abbreviated treatment for elderly, infirm, or noncompliant patients with limited-stage small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol. 1998;16:3323–3328.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jeremic, B, Shibamoto, Y, Acimovic, L. Carboplatin, etoposide, and accelerated hyperfractionated radiotherapy for elderly patients with limited small cell lung carcinoma: a phase II study. Cancer. 1998;82:836–841.3.0.CO;2-H>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Girling, DJ.Comparison of oral etoposide and standard intravenous multidrug chemotherapy for small-cell lung cancer: a stopped multicentre randomised trial. Medical Research Council Lung Cancer Working Party. Lancet. 1996;348:563–566.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Souhami, RL, Spiro, SG, Rudd, RM. Five-day oral etoposide treatment for advanced small-cell lung cancer: randomized comparison with intravenous chemotherapy. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1997;89:577–580.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ardizzoni, A, Favaretto, A, Boni, L. Platinum-etoposide chemotherapy in elderly patients with small-cell lung cancer: results of a randomized multicenter phase II study assessing attenuated-dose or full-dose with lenograstim prophylaxis – a Forza Operativa Nazionale Italiana Carcinoma Polmonare and Gruppo Studio Tumori Polmonari Veneto (FONICAP-GSTPV) study. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:569–575.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Arriagada, R, Pignon, JP, Laplanche, A. Prophylactic cranial irradiation for small-cell lung cancer. Lancet. 1997;349:138.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Arriagada, R, Chevalier, T, Borie, F. Prophylactic cranial irradiation for patients with small-cell lung cancer in complete remission. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1995;87:183–190.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gregor, A, Cull, A, Stephens, RJ. Prophylactic cranial irradiation is indicated following complete response to induction therapy in small cell lung cancer: results of a multicentre randomised trial. United Kingdom Coordinating Committee for Cancer Research (UKCCCR) and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC). Eur J Cancer. 1997;33:1752–1758.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meert, AP, Paesmans, M, Berghmans, T. Prophylactic cranial irradiation in small cell lung cancer: a systematic review of the literature with meta-analysis. BMC Cancer. 2001;1:5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Auperin, A, Arriagada, R, Pignon, JP. Prophylactic cranial irradiation for patients with small-cell lung cancer in complete remission. Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation Overview Collaborative Group. N Engl J Med. 1999;341: 476–484.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
,Cranial irradiation for preventing brain metastases of small cell lung cancer in patients in complete remission. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2000;CD002805.
Arriagada, R, Chevalier, T, Riviere, A. Patterns of failure after prophylactic cranial irradiation in small-cell lung cancer: analysis of 505 randomized patients. Ann Oncol. 2002;13:748–754.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ludbrook, JJ, Truong, PT, MacNeil, MV. Do age and comorbidity impact treatment allocation and outcomes in limited stage small-cell lung cancer? a community-based population analysis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2003;55:1321–1330.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Meyers, CA, Byrne, KS, Komaki, R. Cognitive deficits in patients with small cell lung cancer before and after chemotherapy. Lung Cancer. 1995;12:231–235.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Seute, T, Leffers, P, ten Velde, GP. Neurologic disorders in 432 consecutive patients with small cell lung carcinoma. Cancer. 2004;100: 801–806.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Seute, T, Leffers, P, Wilmink, JT. Response of asymptomatic brain metastases from small-cell lung cancer to systemic first-line chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24:2079–2083.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Oosterhout, AG, Pol, M, ten Velde, GP. Neurologic disorders in 203 consecutive patients with small cell lung cancer: results of a longitudinal study. Cancer. 1996;77:1434– 1441.3.0.CO;2-C>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Slotman, B, Faivre-Finn, C, Kramer, G. Prophylactic cranial irradiation in extensive small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 2007;357:664–672.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fillenbaum, GG, Smyer, MA. The development, validity, and reliability of the OARS multidimensional functional assessment questionnaire. J Gerontol. 1981;36:428–434.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maestu, I, Munoz, J, Gomez-Aldaravi, L. Assessment of functional status, symptoms and comorbidity in elderly patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with gemcitabine and vinorelbine. Clin Transl Oncol. 2007;9:99–105.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Katz, S.Assessing self-maintenance: activities of daily living, mobility, and instrumental activities of daily living. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1983;31:721–727.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Podsiadlo, D, Richardson, S. The timed “up & go”: a test of basic functional mobility for frail elderly persons. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1991;39:142–148.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olaussen, KA, Dunant, A, Fouret, P. DNA repair by ERCC1 in non-small-cell lung cancer and cisplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy. N Engl J Med. 2006;355:983–991.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Potti, A, Mukherjee, S, Petersen, R. A genomic strategy to refine prognosis in early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 2006;355:570–580.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Crino, L, Cappuzzo, F, Zatloukal, P. Gefitinib versus vinorelbine in chemotherapy-naive elderly patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (INVITE): a randomized, phase II study. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26:4253–4260.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jackman, DM, Yeap, BY, Lindeman, NI. Phase II clinical trial of chemotherapy-naive patients >= 70 years of age treated with erlotinib for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2007:25;751–753.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ebi, N, Semba, H, Tokunaga, SJ. A phase II trial of gefitinib monotherapy in chemotherapynaive patients of 75 years or older with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. J Thorac Oncol. 2008;3:1166–1171.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×