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3079 results in Jagiellonian University Press

Page 83 of 154

  • F.E.C. v. Wisconsin Right to Life: 551 U.S. 489 (2007)

  • Paweł Laider, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Maciej Turek, Jagiellonian University, Krakow
  • Book:
    Basic Documents in Federal Compaign Finance Law
    Published by:
    Jagiellonian University Press
    Published online:
    12 January 2018
    Print publication:
    01 January 2015, pp 108-112

  • Summary

    The McConnell v. F.E.C. decision upheld all the major provisions of the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act, including those regarding the electioneering communications restrictions and the prohibition of those advertisements which directly promoted certain candidates for federal offices. Before the elections of 2004, the Wisconsin Right To Life corporation publicized three advertisements in which citizens were encouraged to try and influence U.S. Senators in their political activities concerning judicial nominations. According to BCRA, electioneering communications could not be presented less than 60 days before the election, which limited the possibility of the corporation to run their advertisement during that period. Wisconsin Right to Life challenged the law in the District Court, which agreed with their argumentation, and the case was appealed to the Supreme Court, which reached its verdict in 2007.

    The organization argued that their ads referred to issues and not to direct advocacy of a candidate for federal office, whereas the Federal Election Commission stated that the controversial advertisements were aimed at influencing the results of the election. The Supreme Court supported Wisconsin Right to Life, construing a five-vote majority of conservative Justices (Sandra Day O'Connor was replaced in 2005 by Samuel Alito, who signed the majority decision). The Court agreed that the advertisements at stake promoted issues not candidates, and, therefore, did not violate the BCRA, whereas the prohibited advertisements had to leave no doubts as to the intent of the authors connected with the supporting of a concrete candidate. The Justices did not find any interest of the government in restricting the publication of advertisements which only indirectly referred to the conduct of federal election campaigns.

    MR. JUSTICE ROBERTS announced the judgment of the Court…

    Section 203 of the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 (BCRA), 116 Stat. 91, 2 U. S. C. §441b(b)(2) (2000 ed., Supp. IV), makes it a federal crime for any corporation to broadcast, shortly before an election, any communication that names a federal candidate for elected office and is targeted to the electorate.

  • Wahrām Čōbīn the Rebel General and the Militarization of the Sasanian Empire

  • from History
  • Edited by Anna Krasnowolska, Jagiellonian University, Krakow
  • Book:
    Studies on the Iranian World: Before Islam
    Published by:
    Jagiellonian University Press
    Published online:
    12 January 2018
    Print publication:
    01 January 2015, pp 193-202

  • Summary

    SUMMARY

    The following essay discusses the importance of the rebellious general, Wahrām Čōbīn who in the late sixth century CE challenged the Sasanian throne. Contrary to what has been suggested, Wahrām appears not to be important because of his place in Middle Persian and Persian literature as a hero and a savior, but as this paper attempts to show, was the earliest manifestation of the militarization of the Sasanian Empire in the late sixth century which eventually lead to its decline in the seventh century CE.

    In August 589 CE Wahrām Čōbīn was defeated against the Romans in the Albania and in matter of months staged a mutiny which has captured the imagination of the surviving sources on late antique history of the Near East. We are told he was belittled by the Sasanian king of kings, Hormizd IV as a result of his defeat, furthered by jealousy of the king and / or his advisors. The mockery could have also simply been the result of Wahrām not sending the proper amount of booty from the eastern campaign against the Turks. Wahrām consequently took the unprecedented step in taking the road to Ctesiphon to meet the Sasanian king who had belittled him. According to D. Frendo, on February 6th 590 CE, just before arriving to the capital, the Sasanian nobility blinded and deposed Hormizd, and then placed his son, Khusro II on the throne. As our most important source, Sebēos, which J. Howard-Johnston has called the work the ‘History of Khosrov,’ states that Wahrām was rapidly arriving, ‘like the swoop of an eagle (khoyanal artsui),’ and so the young Khusro Parwēz (not a parwēz by any means yet), was taken away from the capital by his uncles, Wistahm and Vindōe.

    The Sasanian general, Wahrām Čōbīn boasted to be from the Mehrān family, and may have used his lineage as a means of legitimacy in claiming some sort of case against the king. Theophylactus Simocatta, however, suggests that Wahrām was attempting to undo the unlawful usurpation of Khusro II, but we know that Wahrām appears to have wanted to assume the Kayānid crown for himself. In a letter to Khusro it is reported that Wahrām had said: ‘come to us and you will at once become a regional commander of the Persian state.’

  • Types of Personality, Styles of Coping with Stress and Professional Burnout among Social Workers

  • from IV - THREATS TO MENTAL HEALTH
  • Tadeusz Marian Ostrowski, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Iwona Sikorska, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Krzysztof Gerc, Jagiellonian University, Krakow
  • Book:
    Resilience and Health in a Fast-changing World
    Published by:
    Jagiellonian University Press
    Published online:
    12 January 2018
    Print publication:
    01 January 2015, pp 205-220

  • Summary

    Abstract

    The issue of physical and mental health is an important aim of research around, especially in the time of huge demands and challenges in the workplace. One of the ideas focusing on the good functioning of the unit, despite stressful conditions or demands is resilience conception (Garmezy, 2006; Rutter, 1987; Werner, 1994, 2000). This contributes to the search for individual characteristics that increase probability to overcome stress and coping with.

    The research problem concerns personal determinants of professional burnout among social workers.

    The aim was to establish: do the special types of personality exist among social workers, which of them impersonate the highest level of burnout and which styles of coping with stress are used by samples with high and low level of professional burnout? The study involved 296 polish social workers employed in municipal centers of social assistance. The methods were: Cattell's 16 Personality Questionnaire (16 PF-5), Questionnaire of Coping with Stressful Situations (CISS) and Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI).

    The results indicate, there are four types of personality among social workers, with different levels of burnout, including the highest: type – logical but very unstable emotionally tense, vigilant and fearful, inflexible, conservative, and type of the lowest level of burnout: logical, serious, calm, careful and conventional. Type of the highest level of burnout prefers style of coping with stress concentrated on emotions and avoiding but type of the lowest burnout – style concentrated on the task.

    Key words: professional burnout, types of personality, coping with stress, social worker

    Introduction

    The issue of physical and mental health is an important aim of research around the world, especially in the time of huge demands and challenges in the workplace. Health research concern both attempts to understand and reduce the risk factors and strengthening personal resources to cope with stress. One of the ideas focusing on the good functioning of the person, despite difficult and stressful living conditions or demands is resilience conception (Garmezy, 2006; Rutter, 1987; Werner, 1994, 2000). Literally resilience means: flexibility, elasticity, resistance or regeneration. It can be understood as a positive or protective process, which reduces the inappropriateness of the person exposed to stressors, so that the retains a relatively good mental health. It considers the interactions and protection factors.

Studies on the Iranian World
  • Medieval and Modern
  • Volume 2
  • Edited by Anna Krasnowolska, Renata Rusek-Kowalska
  • Published by:
    Jagiellonian University Press
    Published online:
    12 January 2018
    Print publication:
    01 January 2015
  • The international conferences on Iranian studies, held every four years by the Societas Iranologica Europaea, offer a broad forum for academic discussion and give opportunity for an exchange of views and ideas. They allow the participants to get acquainted with the results of the newest research projects and discoveries (field research in ethnolinguistics, study of manuscripts etc.), as well as new trends and methodologies in Iranian studies.The texts which contribute to the present book cover a broad variety of questions concerning the Iranian World: languages, literature, religions, history anthropology, demography, sociology, medicine, art and film. Any reader interested in the history and modernity of Islamic Iran and Central Asia, will certainly find some fascinating material here. The interdisciplinary character of this book and the competences of its authors - acknowledged authorities in their field, as well as representatives of a younger generation - can be considered as its greatest merits.
    Kinga Paraskiewicz, Department of Iranian Studies, Jagiellonian University

  • Work in Progress: The Catalogue of the Buddhist Sogdian Fragments of the Berlin Turfan Collection

  • from Linguistics
  • Edited by Anna Krasnowolska, Jagiellonian University, Krakow
  • Book:
    Studies on the Iranian World: Before Islam
    Published by:
    Jagiellonian University Press
    Published online:
    12 January 2018
    Print publication:
    01 January 2015, pp 59-66

  • Summary

    SUMMARY

    Three fragments of the Buddhist Sogdian part of the Berlin Turfan collection preserve a commentary or explanation of a Vinaya-text, identified by Yoshida Yutaka. The keywords allow the conclusion that these three fragments originate from successive pages and contain the §§ 19–24 of the Vinaya-text about the 90 Pātayantika-Dharma. One part mentions two as yet unknown words. 1. krpyc is well attested in Old Turkic and in Russian. We hope to explain it as a word of Sogdian origin. 2. ‘rs’ could be an Arabic word. But the meaning remains uncertain.

    The work on the catalogue of the Buddhist Sogdian manuscripts of the Berlin Turfan collection continues to advance. There are approximately 500 Buddhist Sogdian fragments. Most of them are very badly damaged; an identification is therefore very difficult. Here an example of my recent work shall be presented.

    The three fragments, So 10921, So 19530a and So 19530b are written in the same hand and have a similar form. For the photographs see: http://www. bbaw.de/forschung/turfanforschung/dta/so/dta_so_index.htm.

    For many years, only two fragments were known: So 10921 and So 19530. In 1999 Yoshida Yutaka investigated the Buddhist Sogdian fragments in the Berlin Turfan collection and discovered that two fragments of the same form actually were put under the same glass one on the top of the other. The fragments were separated by the restoration department of the Berlin State Library. A caption became visible. Helped by this caption Yoshida Yutaka was able to identify the text as part of a Vinayavibhaṅga. These are texts with explanations of monastic rules. He found the matching passage in the 32nd book of the Mūlasarvāstivāda-vinaya-vibhaṅga, T.T. 1442, vol. 23, 803c. The Sogdian text does not agree with the Chinese text in detail, but keywords are corresponding. For example So 19530a contains the end of the § 21 and the beginning of § 22 of the Vinaya text as published by Yoshida Yutaka.

    The paragraphs referred to belong to the 90 Pātayantika Dharmas of the Prātimokṣa of the Sarvāstivāda (Sv.) as they are preserved in several languages.

    These are the paragraphs in question

    ‘Sv. V. 19: Whatsoever Bhikṣu knowing there are creatures in the water shall sprinkle it on grass or on clay or shall cause other to do the same – that is a Pātayantika.’

  • ‘The Painted Village’ – Zalipie as an Expression of Ethnographic Tourism in the Powiśle Dąbrowskie Region of Poland

  • Edited by Ewa Kocój, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Łukasz Gaweł, Jagiellonian University, Krakow
  • Book:
    Faces of Identity and Memory
    Published by:
    Jagiellonian University Press
    Published online:
    10 January 2018
    Print publication:
    01 January 2015, pp 123-140

  • Summary

    Abstract: This paper explains the concept of ethnographic tourism and aims to showcase the tradition and folk culture of South-Eastern Poland, namely the 19th century practice of decorating both the interior and the exterior of buildings and other objects with intricate, floral patterns. It focuses on the village of Zalipie, its history and the genesis of the art form. It also showcases the entire Powiśle Dąbrowskie region as a major ethnographic tourist attraction.

    Key words: folk culture, painted village, Zalipie, floral patterns, ethnographical tourism

    Preface

    Tourism and culture have always been closely related; cultural differences promote the development of tourism, which in turn exposes the general public to different cultures. Cultural tourism aims specifically to showcase the different ways of life of communities around the world, exhibiting their customs, religious beliefs and cultural heritage, all serving the express purpose of satisfying the cultural needs of their people. Amongst the motivations behind cultural tourism and travelling in general, the learning about different folk cultures is steadily raising in prominence.

    Folk culture, as used by Bukraba, is defined as the sum produce fashioned within a given rural society and the collection of standards, norms and values developed by it.

    Ethnographic tourism is strongly linked to folk culture, and as such, is very much dependant on what a given region can off er in terms of cultural heritage, local customs and rituals. It is very inconspicuous in emphasizing local practices, which is fundamental for its appeal. One might even say that accentuating the uniqueness of a local lifestyle, is what makes an area attractive to tourists. For the purpose of this work the term ‘cultural heritage’ will refer to the parts of folk culture and art, created and cultivated in the rural areas of Poland.

    Passed on from generation to generation, cultural heritage is a mix of both material and immaterial, i.e. spiritual, parts of folklore. It can be divided into three main elements:

  • • Material culture – comprising of various utilitarian craft s such as: architecture, blacksmithing, plaiting, pottery and weaving. • Immaterial culture – folklore – specific dances and music, as well as customs, rituals, beliefs, local customary laws and aesthetics. • Folk art – sculpture, painting, embroidery, lace-making, weaving, paper- cutting, woodcarving and xylography, ornamental metalworking, toy-making.

  • The Publicity Act: 36 Stat. 822 (1910) The 1911 Amendments to the Publicity Act: 37 Stat. 25 (1911)

  • Paweł Laider, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Maciej Turek, Jagiellonian University, Krakow
  • Book:
    Basic Documents in Federal Compaign Finance Law
    Published by:
    Jagiellonian University Press
    Published online:
    12 January 2018
    Print publication:
    01 January 2015, pp 15-17

  • Summary

    The Tillman Act did not address all of the important issues concerning the regulation of campaign finance on the federal level, such as spending limits, and pre-election disclosure of contributions by political committees. From 1907, numerous representatives and Senators had pressed for the implementation of further campaign finance regulations, which would provide the system with greater transparency and accountability. As a result, three years later the Republican-led Congress created a new law, which established the system of public disclosure of campaign funds. However, not all committees contributing to the electoral process were subject to this legislation.

    The problem was that The Federal Corrupt Practices Act of 1910, also known as The Publicity Act, made campaign committees operating in two or more states report their House of Representatives’ campaign receipts and expenditures. But as it did not require that the disclosure be made before the election and was limited only to election years, it was amended a year later. In 1911 Congress expanded the regulation, now demanding the revelation of both House and Senate campaign funds before and after elections, both primary and general. The 1911 amendment also established the first ever limits to campaign spending on the federal level, setting it at a total of $5,000 for House and $10,000 for Senate candidates. The law was in force until the early 1920s, when the Supreme Court struck down some of its key provisions in Newberry v. United States.

    An Act Providing for publicity of contributions made for the purpose of influencing elections at which Representatives in Congress are elected

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress Assembled, That the term “political committee” under the provisions of this Act shall include the national committees of all political parties and the national congressional campaign committees of all political parties and all committees, associations, or organizations which shall in two or more States influence the result or attempt to influence the result of an election at which Representatives in Congress are to be elected…

  • Fictional Structure of the Middle Persian Ayādgār ī Zarērān

  • from Literature
  • Edited by Anna Krasnowolska, Jagiellonian University, Krakow
  • Book:
    Studies on the Iranian World: Before Islam
    Published by:
    Jagiellonian University Press
    Published online:
    12 January 2018
    Print publication:
    01 January 2015, pp 105-118

  • Summary

    SUMMARY

    Ancient myths, retold by generation after generation, gradually lose some of their typical features i.e. god-like characters, super-naturalness and sanctity. This process results in stories containing ancient motifs and archetypes. In this research, the fictional structure of Ayādgār ī Zarērān – a story deriving from an ancient myth – will be examined. This structure includes the elements of theme, verisimilitude, plot, Freytag's pyramid, conflict, characterization, viewpoint, setting and tone of voice. Additionally universal archetypes present in the text will be analyzed. Accordingly, the narrative features of the text are presented, and the foundation of narration in ancient Iran is shown and its qualities are illustrated.

    Middle Persian (Pahlavi) refers to the Persian language between c. 300 B.C. and c. 950 A.C. The literary remains from this long period are few and of secular works only fugitive pieces survive. These books, in the vast majority of cases, safeguard older materials going back to the Sasanian period and, in some cases, even earlier. The surviving Pahlavi literature preserves part of the literary heritage of the late Sasanian period, with a great prevalence of religious books. As Mary Boyce writes: ‘The state of Zoroastrian writings in Middle Persian (Pahlavi) is paradoxical in that they represent the literature of a religious minority in its country of origin, where it was once supreme.’

    In pre-Islamic Iran, writing down either literary or religious texts was not common. Texts were transmitted orally from one generation to the next; it was not considered necessary to write them down. Only official, political and financial documents were considered worthy of being written. One of the reasons which persuaded the Sasanians to consider writing down their oral literature is the radical change in themes and literary fashions brought about by the Arab conquest and the other should be the fact that only during the latter part of this period, the Sasanian epoch (c. 224–652 A.C.), did Persian literature begin to evolve from an oral (uzwānīg) to a written (nibēsišnīg) form.

    Several different literary genres are represented in Middle Persian literature, and the vast majority of them relate to religious themes. Works of fiction include historical novels, stories, fables, folk and fairy tales. In spite of the fact that sole literary texts did not survive; some small books, that are not considered to be completely religious, have survived.

  • The Old Persian Genitive. A Study of a Syncretic Case

  • from Linguistics
  • Edited by Anna Krasnowolska, Jagiellonian University, Krakow
  • Book:
    Studies on the Iranian World: Before Islam
    Published by:
    Jagiellonian University Press
    Published online:
    12 January 2018
    Print publication:
    01 January 2015, pp 13-30

  • Summary

    SUMMARY

    Old Persian does not have separate forms for genitive and dative, as formerly distinct grammatical categories merged into the genitive. Indeed, a detailed examination of Old Persian textual data reveals that the genitive expresses a variety of syntactic functions and semantic roles, cross-linguistically typical not only of the genitive, but also of the dative. This scenario can be accounted for by considering the Old Persian genitive case as a polysemic radial category, the expression of the Possessor being the core function and other attested functions being metaphorical extensions. The aim of this paper is to analyse Old Persian dative-genitive syncretism. The evidence from a crosslinguistic perspective suggests that the semantic or functional overlapping of genitive and dative cases has been the main cause of this syncretism, given the tendency of languages to eliminate synonymous grammatical forms over time.

    INTRODUCTION

    As is well-known, case syncretism is a phenomenon that has taken place in many Indo-European languages, and involves a reduction of the number of cases when compared to the system usually reconstructed for Proto-Indo- European. This paper will focus on the syncretism of the Indo-European dative and genitive in Old Persian (henceforth OP) – where the syncretic process had already occurred and the dative case had totally disappeared – and argue that this change affected cases with partially overlapping semantic content and similar syntactic functions. The merging of the functional load of the two original cases into one ending resulted in the polysemy of the surviving morpheme, namely the genitive. Given these premises, an examination of OP raises at least two important questions: (1) the nature of the syncretism that is to be reconstructed; (2) the processes that brought about the loss of the dative case.

    A few preliminary remarks are in order to frame the subsequent analysis. First of all, the important theoretical notion of syncretism should be considered. Following Meiser (1992: 190) and Luraghi (2000), this term is used to indicate a diachronic process comprising the integration of two or more originally distinct paradigmatic categories into a single category, either through the merging of their form or of their underlying functions.

    Secondly, we will adopt a cognitive-functional approach as a methodological framework.

  • Concerning One Unpublished Persian Historical Document from Afshar Period

  • from History
  • Edited by Anna Krasnowolska, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Renata Rusek-Kowalska, Jagiellonian University, Krakow
  • Book:
    Studies on the Iranian World
    Published by:
    Jagiellonian University Press
    Published online:
    12 January 2018
    Print publication:
    01 January 2015, pp 175-186

  • Summary

    SUMMARY

    Among rich collections preserved at Georgian Depositories, Persian and Georgian-Persian historical documents present the most important records for the study of Iranian- Georgian political as well as social-economic interrelations. They belong to 16th–19th centuries and comprise over 1700 manuscripts.

    In Georgian collections are found nearly 30 Persian documents from the Afshar period (1736–1796). Some of them remain unpublished up to the present. These documents reflect Nadir Shah's (Pers. Nāder Shāh) policy toward Georgia, inner social situation of East Georgia during the Qizilbashs.

    The article deals with an unpublished document issued in 1737 by the commander of East Georgia, Sefi-Khan (Pers. Safi-Khān), kept at the National Center of Manuscripts of Georgia (Pd-53). The deed is an order according to which Sefi-Khan points out the mdivanbeg (Pers. Turkish divānbeyg) of the region, Kaikhosro Baratashvili to reconfirm villages to one of aristocracy representative's descendant.

    The document presents valuable material for the study of historical and social interrelations of Late Medieval Georgia with Persia during the Afshars. It is also important as a typical example of style and structure of the Persian juridical act.

    The cultural past of Georgia, while being a unified state, as well as divided into independent principalities clearly reflects tendencies and peculiarities of different historical periods significantly induced by political and cultural orientation of the country. Islamic Orient, and principally Medieval Iran, has become the most decisive phenomenon in Georgia's history since the 16th century. Political, social-economic and cultural interrelations of these countries were recorded in Persian, Georgian and bilingual – Georgian-Persian historicaldocuments, which present mostly important primary sources for the study of Iranian-Georgian (and in the main, Caucasian) issues as well as of the whole history of Near East.

    These significant documents are preserved in rich collections of the Georgian National Antiquities and are dated by 16th–19th centuries, belonging to Safavid, Afshar, Zand and Qajar periods, comprising more over 1700 deeds.

    They are kept at the depositories in Tbilisi – the National Center of Manuscripts (the fund Pd, 511 units), the National Archive of the Ministry of Justice (the funds N 1452 and N 1450, (1237 units) and the Museum of Art of Georgia (4 units). They are absolutely unique as regards their content, completeness, historical and artistic significance.

Management by Values (MBV)
  • Management Respecting and Promoting Values
  • Andrzej Herman, Tadeusz Oleksyn, Izabela Stańczyk
  • Published by:
    Jagiellonian University Press
    Published online:
    12 January 2018
    Print publication:
    01 January 2015
  • The work of the authors is of a theoretical, cognitive and empirical nature in accordance with their intentions, during the course of balancing these three aspects. A systemic approach has been availed of in an original way for the purpose of connecting the elements of the theories of economics, management and finance … The insightful empirical research and analysis of the aforesaid authors has facilitated the reference of the theoretical deliberations to economic practices, while the formulated conclusions are of an above-average applicable value.

    The concepts, experience and views resulting from economic science and science on management have been availed of in a creative manner, while completely new and interesting general conclusions have been put forward on the basis of the phenomena under analysis.

    'I recommend the publishing of this work as being very significant in value from a scientific viewpoint, as well as essential in terms of economic practitioners. I wholeheartedly suggest the continuation of research.'
    Excerpts from the review by Prof. Krzysztof Marecki

  • The State of Political Science in Greece

  • from Greece
  • Edited by Barbara Krauz-Mozer, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Małgorzata Kułakowska, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Piotr Borowiec, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Paweł Ścigaj, Jagiellonian University, Krakow
  • Book:
    Political Science in Europe at the Beginning of the 21st Century
    Published by:
    Jagiellonian University Press
    Published online:
    12 January 2018
    Print publication:
    01 January 2015, pp 147-164

  • Summary

    Summary: The evolution and development of political science in Greece emerges quite late in comparison to other European countries. Although the first Society for Social and Political Sciences was founded in 1919, political science remained for a long time a part of legal and historical studies. The political phenomenon was being approached from an interdisciplinary perspective without clear political dimensions. The first attempts for the systematic transformation of political science into discrete social discipline were related to the creation of the project of a Higher School of Political Sciences promoting the study of political phenomena. However, none of the curricula of the existing university departments had incorporated the political science as an autonomous field of study. The formation of the Hellenic Political Science Association (HPSA) in 1955 established the active interest for studying the political phenomenon in the scope of the institutions, of political life and the political parties, of ideas and their inter-relations with policies. The critical turning point in political science is linked to the university reform of 1982 which led to the creation of autonomous political science university departments. It included the modernization of the discipline through an extended syllabus reform and the recruitment of new academic staff. Today in Greece there are six departments of political science related either to the various sub-disciplined areas of political science or with interdisciplinary curricula. The admission of students to the university departments of political science is taking place through national examinations and the minimum duration of study to be eligible for the so-called diploma, is four years. The increasing demand for postgraduate studies led the six departments of political sciences to operate twelve different postgraduate study programmes up to a two-year duration which are linked to a variety of specialization topics. Doctoral studies in the field of political science have developed significantly over the past two decades. About 300 doctoral theses are being prepared in the aforementioned departments contributing positively to the promotion of political science in Greece.

  • Political Science in Iceland 2014

  • from Iceland
  • Edited by Barbara Krauz-Mozer, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Małgorzata Kułakowska, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Piotr Borowiec, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Paweł Ścigaj, Jagiellonian University, Krakow
  • Book:
    Political Science in Europe at the Beginning of the 21st Century
    Published by:
    Jagiellonian University Press
    Published online:
    12 January 2018
    Print publication:
    01 January 2015, pp 189-204

  • Summary

    Summary: Political science was founded as an academic discipline at the University of Iceland in 1970; at that time one professor was hired, and students could only obtain a BA degree in social sciences with political science as a major. In the first two decades, few students graduated with a BA degree in political science. Now, 44 years later, 15 full-time academic staff with research duties is employed at the Faculty of Political Science (most with a PhD degree from a foreign university, three non-Icelanders), the annual number of registered students is around 600, multiple programmes are on offer for undergraduates, master students, and doctoral students. Since 2005, a total number 1181 students have graduated, 421 with a BA degree, 760 with a master's degree or postgraduate Diploma, and 8 with a PhD degree. Research in political science – almost non-existent in the beginning – now covers most areas of the discipline; major achievements in research on Icelandic politics have taken place. Most professors have extensive international connections. The Faculty of Political Science is related to three research institutes at the University of Iceland: the Institute of Public Administration and Politics, The Social Science Research Institute, and the Institute of International Affairs. Since 2005, an academic journal has been published, Icelandic Review of Politics & Administration (http://www.irpa.is).

    Introduction

    Political science has been an academic discipline at the University of Iceland since 1970. At first, only undergraduate studies were on offer in a new department of social sciences: political science and sociology as BA majors and minors, and anthropology as a BA minor. The department only had three full-time academic positions in the first years – one of those in political science. Today, the Faculty of Political Science offers both undergraduate and graduate programmes (including PhD programmes), employs staff of 15 full-time academics, and the number of students is around 600.

    In 1976, a new Faculty of Social Sciences was founded at the University of Iceland. Six disciplines functioned as departments in the new Faculty: political science, sociology, anthropology, psychology, education, and library science.

  • Political Science in Britain

  • from United Kingdom
  • Edited by Barbara Krauz-Mozer, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Małgorzata Kułakowska, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Piotr Borowiec, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Paweł Ścigaj, Jagiellonian University, Krakow
  • Book:
    Political Science in Europe at the Beginning of the 21st Century
    Published by:
    Jagiellonian University Press
    Published online:
    12 January 2018
    Print publication:
    01 January 2015, pp 583-598

  • Summary

    Summary: Political science in Britain initially developed slowly and without a clear identity diff erentiating it from other subjects. It is often studied at undergraduate level in combination with other subjects, but there has been a substantial expansion of postgraduate work. There has been a particular expansion in the study of international relations. Paradigm wars have been relatively absent compared with the United States, although there have been distinctive approaches, but in many ways the development of sub-fields has been equally important. Although political science graduates have been relatively successful in their careers, funding uncertainties surrounding higher education are a cause for concern. However, discussions about the constitution in the wake of the Scottish referendum may present new opportunities for political scientists.

    Historical and institutional context

    Political science first started to develop as a separate discipline in Britain in the 19th century. However, in this early period it was not clearly differentiated from the disciplines it grew out of, in particular philosophy and history. Indeed, this continued to be a problem for much of the 20th century. Historians argued that the proper way to approach politics was through the study of political history; sociologists argued that it should be subsumed in their discipline as political sociology; and economists thought that it could best be studied through applying the methodology of their discipline. For economists it was insufficiently quantitative to be taken seriously and for philosophers it was insufficiently rooted in their subject. Lawyers thought that insufficient attention was paid to constitutional and administrative law.

    Being a ‘junction subject’ between many disciplines was thus both a strength and a weakness. It enabled political scientists to draw on the insights of many disciplines: for example, geography could be added to those mentioned above. However, it also meant that the study of politics often looked like a field rather than a discipline. It lacked a sufficiently well-defined territory of its own and its own distinctive theoretical perspectives, methodology and research techniques.

    In the first fifty years of the 20th century, the subject was largely based in Oxford and the London School of Economics and Political Science (early developments at Cambridge had not been followed through systematically).

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