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3079 results in Jagiellonian University Press

Page 68 of 154

  • Chapter 1 - Origins of Management Sciences

  • from Part 1
  • Boguslaw Nierenberg, Jagiellonian University, Krakow
  • Book:
    Media Management
    Published by:
    Jagiellonian University Press
    Published online:
    10 January 2018
    Print publication:
    01 January 2016, pp 21-36

  • Summary

    Management as a subject of scientific interest dates back to the end of the 19th century. However, this does not mean that it was only then when humanity learned how to manage. The very idea of managerial processes is as old as civilization itself. Management, as a specific set of actions leading to a particular aim, was not of special interest because on the one hand, it used to be perceived as something natural, a thing that does not require any clarification, and on the other, it was not until the end of the 19th century that humanity was faced with the problem of the lack of possibility for further development. Humanity vividly resembled a statement made by Marshall McLuhan: “Fish don't know water exists till beached [McLuhan 2001: 57].” This statement refers to communication processes, but what is most striking about this statement is Mc Luhan's accuracy regarding the previous handling of managerial processes.

    Management from a historical perspective

    Each civilization requires the use of processes currently referred to as management. It seems that until the beginning of the 20th century, the set of actions that comprised management were not defined by the use of this term. Previously, it was the sentiment of McLuhan's simile that was applied in reference to such cases. At the same time one may say that humanity, in this respect, resembled Mr. Jourdain by Molier, a person unaware that he has been speaking only in prose all his life [Molier 1951: 29]. Indeed, in order to raise any edifice or undertake any enterprise, it would be essential to plan it above all, organize and manage, and fi nally to control whether the enterprise has been carried out according to the undertaken plan. In a word, one must perform actions which, according to one of the definitions, are referred to as functions of management [Griffi n 1999: 37]. One has to agree with these researchers who demonstrate that the phenomenon of organization and the management process are a few thousand years older than the reflection upon them [Griffin 1999: 37].

  • Conclusion

  • Jan Jacek Bruski, Jagiellonian University, Krakow
  • Book:
    Between Prometheism and Realpolitik
    Published by:
    Jagiellonian University Press
    Published online:
    12 January 2018
    Print publication:
    01 January 2016, pp 295-300

  • Summary

    The emergence of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, with a government, state administrative system, and diplomatic service of its own, on the eastern border of the Republic of Poland, offered an opportunity but also a serious challenge to Polish foreign policy. On the one hand Warsaw pinned considerable hopes on the prospect of “Rakovskii's Ukraine” achieving a kind of independence, but on the other it soon turned out that in its pursuit of emancipation Kharkiv started to take an active part in the secret war between Poland and the Soviets, and with time was even taking the lead in this conflict.

    The domestic situation on the Polish political scene did not help to define a new, coherent policy on Ukraine. Already at the time of the Riga Conference the Piłsudskiites forfeited the monopoly they had enjoyed hitherto to determine Poland's eastern policy, and in the following months their influences diminished even more. Marshal Piłsudski's adherents kept a fairly strong position only in the Eastern Department in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and in their bastion – but only for a time, until the “purges” which started in mid-923 – the Second Department of the General Staff. The coming to power of the Chjeno–Piast government marked the triumph of the Right Wing hostile to Piłsudski, who withdrew from public affairs in a flurry of protest in the wake of the conflict. However, ideas with which the National Democrats sympathised had already started to take over Poland's foreign policy earlier. Their mentor was Foreign Minister Konstanty Skirmunt, who wanted to pursue an idiosyncratic Realpolitik with respect to the Soviets, treating the Riga settlement as a permanent foundation for mutual relations and seeking to take advantage economically of the peace that had been achieved. One of the elements in Skirmunt's vision was an attempt to expand economically into Ukraine, which he perceived as a natural resource of raw materials and consumer market for Poland. Skirmunt and his collaborators thought that the Poles living in Ukraine could play a decisive part in these plans, since they had made an active contribution to Ukrainian economic affairs prior to the Revolution.

  • Introduction

  • Boguslaw Nierenberg, Jagiellonian University, Krakow
  • Book:
    Media Management
    Published by:
    Jagiellonian University Press
    Published online:
    10 January 2018
    Print publication:
    01 January 2016, pp 9-16

  • Summary

    It seems obvious and trivial to state that the basic determinant of the contemporary world is its mediality. Meanwhile, the platitude of some phenomenon is, in no way, synonymous with its common understanding. Mediality does not stand for the knowledge of its governing rights, either. It appears that the case is similar with media management. Europe, including Poland, differs in this respect from the United States. One of the weaknesses of the Polish economic and social situation, for example, results from the inability to govern. In Poland it is the doctor who manages a hospital and the actor who is in charge of the theater. Obviously, it could be both the doctor and the actor, provided that they possess the relevant competency in scope of management. For management is not arcane knowledge. It can be learned. Media management can be learned as well.

    The aim of this monograph is to compare scientific output in the scope of media management; focusing on the United States as well as on European countries, primarily Poland, and sharing the results of the research which I have been conducting for many years. From my point of view, in order to understand the essence of contemporary media management, there are two statements by Peter Drucker which are crucial to consider. First: “information shall always be a basic resource of the 21st century, and, the second: the more common information, the more valuable.” In so far as the first maxim seems to be quite commonly accepted, although the consequences of such a statement are not always brought to one's attention, the latter one demolishes the foundations of traditional economic knowledge. In classic economics it is assumed that the rarer good, the more precious it is and vice versa. Universal availability of a given good lowers its price. However, research by P. Drucker contradicts this thesis. In this book I have attempted to clarify this apparent contradiction by media dualism described in 1989 by Robert Picard and my own formula of “media buttons (informational)” which made it possible to comprehend the paradox captured by P. Drucker's findings. An explanation of these problems is included in Chapters Two and Three.

  • Chapter 7 - Managers and Journalists

  • from Part 3
  • Boguslaw Nierenberg, Jagiellonian University, Krakow
  • Book:
    Media Management
    Published by:
    Jagiellonian University Press
    Published online:
    10 January 2018
    Print publication:
    01 January 2016, pp 125-146

  • Summary

    This chapter will deal with people who manage the media (quartermasters and managers) and media workers, primarily journalists who for many decades exemplified the essence of the media. In the 19th century and for a good part of the 20th century, journalism was perceived as a public service. In the 19th century it was even thought that a journalist performing his or her duty should not receive any monetary compensation so as not to be dependent on the cash buyer. The notion of the “journalist” today has been increasingly superseded by the notion of a “media worker” and not only and not primarily in its semantic meaning. In turn, distinction into media quartermasters and managers is significant as every manager on a level suitable for their competences is a media quartermaster as well. On the other hand, not every media quartermaster is a manager. For instance, it is hard to call Zygmunt Solorz a manager who deals with direct management of a media organization. In fact he is a media quartermaster who profoundly influences TV Polsat as the major shareholder. His decisions or lack of them also predestines the situation within the entire business. Thus, an analysis of cases of chosen media careers, both quartermasters as well as managers and journalists, will be included in this chapter.

    Human resources in media

    In the monograph Media Management. In the Age of Giants one finds an interesting anecdote that can serve as a great starting point for discussing motivation and productivity in the media. Professor Bob Gassaway of University of New Mexico recalls his job interview which he had many years before with the publisher of a journal from Missouri. While looking around the office, Gassaway asked his prospective boss about the number of people working in the editorial office. “‘Well’ – the old editor said slowly, bending over the desk – ‘as far as I know, more or less one in three [Herrick 2003: 67].’” Human resources in the media along with their motivation to increase productivity have always posed a major challenge for managers, but a substantial research field as well.

  • Bulg. tarikàt ‘Gauner’

  • Elżbieta Mańczak-Wohlfeld, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Barbara Podolak, Jagiellonian University, Krakow
  • Book:
    Words and Dictionaries
    Published by:
    Jagiellonian University Press
    Published online:
    18 January 2018
    Print publication:
    01 January 2016, pp 167-172

  • Summary

    Bedeutung und Derivate

    Das bulgarische maskuline Substantiv tarikat, tarikatin (mit dem Suffix -in zur Bildung von maskulinen Nomina agentis) ist ein häufig gebrauchter Bestandteil der bulgarischen Umgangssprache. Seine Bedeutung ist ‘Schlaumeier’ und im pejorativen Sinne ‘Gauner, geriebener Kerl’. Als veraltete Bedeutung aus der Zeit um 1910 verzeichnet Armjanov (2001: 329) im Wörterbuch des bulg. Jargons ‘Randalierer, Halbstarker’. Das davon abgeleitete Femininum tarikatka wird seltener gebraucht.

    Umgangssprachliches tarikatlằk (Subst. masc.) ‘Schlaumeierei’, pejorativ ‘Gaunerei’, weist ein Suffix türkischer Herkunft auf, das laut Radeva (2003: 196, 199) für die Bildung von Nomina essendi eingesetzt wird. Sie zeichnen sich durch Merkmale aus, die als selbstständig und abstrahiert vom Träger dargestellt werden, wobei das Suffix -lằk eine beschränkte Produktivität zeige und die entsprechenden Nomina essendi einen umgangssprachlichen Charakter trügen. Laut Armjanov (2001: 329) kann tarikatlằk (mit dem Plural tarikatlằci) 1. ‘Listigkeit, Schlauheit, Schläue’ sowie ‘List’ bedeuten, und 2. ‘etwas Effektvolles, Interessantes, Originelles, das Eindruck macht und die Neugier weckt’. Das bulg. Wort tarikatlằk ist eine Neubildung im Bulgarischen, bestehend aus einer Übernahme aus dem Türkischen und einem angefügten Suffix türkischer Herkunft. Ein entsprechendes türkisches Etymon, das für eine direkte Übernahme des Wortes spräche, existiert nicht (Stamenov 2011: 583). Krasteva (2000: 100–101) dokumentiert den Gebrauch des Wortes und seiner Derivate (bulg. tarikat, artikuliert tarikatat, sowie tarikatlằk und im Plural und artikuliert tarikatlằtcite – in etwa ‘die Findigkeiten, die Gaunereien’) in der bulgarischen Boulevardpresse, meist im Kontext von Berichten über Kriminalität und politische Machenschaften.

    Das Adverb tarikatskata bedeutet im bulg. Jargon ‘listig, scharfsinnig, effektvoll’, das Adjektiv tarikatski 1. ‘scharfsinnig, listig erdacht/getan’, 2. ‘gut, schön, anziehend’ und 3. ‘Gauner-, gaunerartig’, und als Adverb ebenfalls ‘listig, scharfsinnig, effektvoll’. Weitere Derivate sind laut BER (7, 822) die Substantive tarikatstvo ‘Gaunertum’, tarikatština ‘Gaunerei, Gaunerhaftigkeit’ (das Suffix -štin(a) ist lt. Radeva (2003: 199) gegenwärtig bereits unproduktiv). Die mit dem Verbalsuffix iz- gebildeten Verben iztarikatja se, iztarikatjavam se und iztarikatvam se bedeuten ‘ein tarikat werden, wie ein tarikat handeln, clever sein/werden’.

  • I - Basic Tendencies in the Linguistics of Discourse

  • from A - PRAGMATICS OF DISCOURSE
  • Maciej Kawka, Jagiellonian University, Krakow
  • Book:
    Macedonian Discourses
    Published by:
    Jagiellonian University Press
    Published online:
    12 January 2018
    Print publication:
    01 January 2016, pp 13-17

  • Summary

    The notion of discourse in humanities and social sciences, as well as in linguistics, is, among all else, due to necessity, must to include a communication element in its description of the functioning of language. This prompted the beginning of involving a description of statements and texts from general communication perspective in research. When it comes to the discourse of neo-liberalism, more often than not, we come across the use of the term with its popular meaning in informal use by the media and some social sciences, in which case, this discourse refers not only to those ways of speaking, as adopted by neoliberal thinkers or politicians, but also to the concepts and ideas they propagate, and studies of neoliberal discourse, in general, may not include and are not concerned with, the use of language.

    The view for common determinants of both types of descriptions – theoretical and empirical – has begun to dominate linguistics at a relatively late date. The traditional differentiation between system (langue, competence) and use (parole, performance) represents dynamic network connections between authentic language information and data (computer databases and information corps), and their conditionality in the communication processes – the discourse. “Interdisciplinarity,” the empirical orientation and social conditionality of language use, reinforces the processing of discourse interactive character as a set of instructions or strategies used in the communication game in order to achieve, primarily, understanding.

    Ambiguity of the term discourse, also posed difficulties in the methodology of linguistic description which arises mainly from the absence of an appropriate method according to which, texts, thanks to special additional indicators, may prescribe or incorporate not only grammatical and semantic information but also cultural, political, and societal tradition. Within this framework, besides the structural methods (linguistic discourse analysis), cognitive discipline and related disciplines such as anthropology, sociology, logic, semiotics (critical discourse analysis), a special place belongs to corpus linguistics as a discipline that can greatly modify the methodology for text analysis and discourse as the basis of linguistic data that integrate these, so far, divided research fields.

  • Liberature in Relation to the Reconfiguration of Aisthesis

  • from LITERATURE AND CONVERGENCE
  • Edited by Jarosława Płuciennika, Peter Gärdenfors
  • Book:
    On-line/Off-line
    Published by:
    Jagiellonian University Press
    Published online:
    12 January 2018
    Print publication:
    01 January 2016, pp 255-270

  • Summary

    Abstract

    This article proposes to inspect the phenomenon of liberature from the perspective of the reconfiguration of aisthesis, as described by Wolfgang Welsch. In the German researcher's approach, this consists in questioning the primacy of vision in favour of other senses, and is, first of all, an effect of the dominance of the media. However, in a broader approach towards the reasons of transformations, aisthesis must be looked for in phenomena that are summarised in the formula of “new aesthetics”, as proposed by Arnold Berleant. One of the significant features of this concept is the constant expansion of the area of art and the appearance of forms that stimulate the audience's experience, requiring the activation of new sensory receptors. Without a doubt, liberature is one of those forms of art that re-quires interactivity and a special involvement. Being a unique example of the co-existence of various types of messages (verbal, iconic and material), liberature requires a polysenso-ry perception. This, in turn, can be a source of aesthetic satisfaction, but also a reason for an impoverishment of the aesthetic experience spanning between aisthesis and anaisthesis.

    Key words: liberature, aisthesis, aesthetic experience, polysensory perception

    Every culture and every age has its favorite model of perception and knowledge that it is inclined to prescribe for everybody and everything. The mark of our time is its revulsion against imposed patterns. (McLuhan 1964: 6).

    Even the distinctions among the arts have broken down, and we are often un-able to decide where a new development belongs – whether, for example, envi-ronments are sculpture or architecture; assemblages are paintings or sculptures; Happenings are theater, painting (as an outgrowth of action painting), or an en-tirely new art form synthesizing elements of theater, sculpture, dance, painting, and music (Berleant 2004: 57).

    The doubts expressed by Arnold Berleant could, to some extent, also refer to the phenomenon of liberature. It is difficult to claim that liberature is simply literature, or even a fourth literary genre, as Zenon Fajfer postu-lated some time ago (Fajfer 2010 A)1.Liberature should rather be seen as a peculiar kind of art, which combines the verbal, the iconic, and the ma-terial. Liberature remains a specific combination of mutually determining contents and material form of a work, and constitutes a “combination of textual semiosis with the semiosis of the material medium” (Kalaga 2010: 11).

  • The etymological connection between ἐνίπτω, ἐνίψω, ἴψαο, (προ)ΐαψε, ἐνένῑπε and ἠνίπαπε

  • Elżbieta Mańczak-Wohlfeld, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Barbara Podolak, Jagiellonian University, Krakow
  • Book:
    Words and Dictionaries
    Published by:
    Jagiellonian University Press
    Published online:
    18 January 2018
    Print publication:
    01 January 2016, pp 97-112

  • Summary

    The suggested etymologies

    The meaning and etymology/ies of #x1F10;#x03BD;#x1F77;#x03C0;#x03C4;#x03C9;#x002C;#x0020;#x1F10;#x03BD;#x1F77;#x03C3;#x03C3;#x03C9; (both ‘I insult’), #x1F10;#x03BD;#x1F77;#x03C8;#x03C9; ‘I will speak’, #x1F34;#x03C8;#x03B1;#x03BF; ‘you inflicted serious pain’, #x1F30;#x03AC;#x03C0;#x03C4;#x03C9; ‘I hurt, throw down’, #x03C0;#x03C1;#x03BF;#x0390;#x03B1;#x03C8;#x03B5; ‘he threw down, he sent to Hades’, #x1F10;#x03BD;#x03AD;#x03BD;#x1FD1;#x03C0;#x03B5; ‘he insulted’ and #x1F20;#x03BD;#x1F77;#x03C0;#x03B1;#x03C0;#x03B5; ‘he attacked (with a word), he insulted’ have posed problems for centuries. In what follows, an overview of the etymologies suggested so far will be given:

    1. The verb #x1F10;#x03BD;#x03AF;#x03C0;#x03C4;#x03C9; was explained as a reduplicated present with ie/o suffix built on *uekw. The evolution was *eni-ui-ukw -ie/o > *eni-ui-ikw-ie/o with dissimilation > *eni-uīkw -ie/o > *eni-īkwie/o with disappearance of the intervocalic digamma > *enīkw-ie/o with contraction> #x1F10;#x03BD;#x03AF;#x03C0;#x03C4;#x03C9;#x002F;#x1F10;#x03BD;#x03AF;#x03C3;#x03C3;#x03C9;#x002E;. The reduplicated aorists ἠνίπαπε and #x1F10;#x03BD;#x03AD;#x03BD;#x1FD1;#x03C0;#x03B5; were explained as secondary inner-Greek creations.

    There are nevertheless some issues with this reconstruction:

  • a. It supposed a contraction after the intervocalic digamma had fallen out, but if this verb had been an old inherited formation, the digamma would in all likelihood have been preserved.

  • b. The supposed dissimilation *eni-ui-ukw into *eni-uiikw seems to be contradicted by the so-called boukolos rule.6 An analogical restoration of the *u can only be assumed if the connection with *uekwos was still active. Beckwith is in our opinion right in assuming that this link was no longer felt by the speakers, contrary to the reduplicated aorist *ueukw-in which the *u was restored by the parallel with *uekwos.

  • c. The root *uekw is not attested in the present in Greek until very late,8 if it is to be linked with this root at all: the form ἐνέπουσι could belong to *sekw as well. There is no Greek parallel for Sanskrit vivakti and Latin invocare: the former is an athematic reduplicated form based on the full grade (and could be late),9 and the latter is based on the o grade. In addition, the coexistence of a reduplicated present and reduplicated aorist is very rare:10 the only certain example in Greek is Ἀ #x03C1;#x03B1;#x03C1;#x03AF;#x03C3;#x03BA;#x03C9;, which is a present that was built on the reduplicated aorist #x1F24;#x03C1;#x03B1;#x03C1;#x03BF;#x03BD;

  • Chapter 6 - Emotions and yoga practicing. Working on emotions and achieving “emotional culture” without emotions

  • Krzysztof T. Koniecki
  • Book:
    Is the Body the Temple of the Soul?
    Published by:
    Jagiellonian University Press
    Published online:
    10 January 2018
    Print publication:
    01 January 2016, pp 177-194

  • Summary

    Introduction

    Yoga in the modern version, directed mainly to the Western receiver, for example, in the shape of so-called hatha-yoga, is directed to achieve therapeutic effects. Its modern propagators adjusted it to the needs of the man feeling strong civilizational stress caused by the pressure to venture so-called career dangers connected with nutrition, environment pollution, noise, pressure on consumption, and also with the institutional secularization of the modern society, etc. Thanks to it, in yoga schools, “work on emotions” that is done by specific physical practices (with the usage of the body) in order to gain emotional stability, elimination of negative emotions, and obtaining mental peace can take place. The work on emotions seems to be an internalized ritual of “modern religion” that most often is not seen for a side viewer and even for working on emotions. Work on the mental and physical health is a “boundary place” where the aspirations of the profanum sphere (practical goals of the individual) meet with the aspirations of the sacrum sphere (spiritual goals) of a given individual whose aims are the need to overcome own possibilities and existential fitness to become somebody else, so the old body would die and the new is born with a freshened psyche and in general without emotions. The work on emotions in hatha-yoga has thus an initial character if there is a visible change in the individual confirmed by its new interpretations of own emotions and own feeling.

    I would like to show in the chapter what work on emotions in the social world of yoga practice is. The second goal is an attempt to interpret this phenomena in the light of the processes undergoing in the modern Western societies.

    That yoga helps to shape the emotional stability is written by hatha-yoga's guru B. K. S. Iyengar (2005b). According to Iyengar, with the use of work on the body, you can get rid of the stress. Iyengar's attitude to yoga has a therapeutic character; it concerns both the physical and psychic sphere.

  • IV - Linguistic Stereotypes in Polish and Macedonian Folk Texts by Oskar Kolberg and Marko K. Cepenkov

  • from C - FOLKLORE
  • Maciej Kawka, Jagiellonian University, Krakow
  • Book:
    Macedonian Discourses
    Published by:
    Jagiellonian University Press
    Published online:
    12 January 2018
    Print publication:
    01 January 2016, pp 259-263

  • Summary

    The emergence of stereotypes and stereotypization in different types of texts (primarily in folklore, but also in poetic and other types of texts) has been discussed in linguistics in our times.

    The terms STEREOTYPE, PROTOTYPE, PROFILING entered linguistics when related to the development of grammar, text and cognitive semantics – over the course of the last 20 – 30 years.

    The problem is very wide and of interest to authors who represent the theory of text using folklore material and achievements of cognitivism, primarily the concept of prototype by Eleonora Rosh and the reconstruction of the linguistic world view.

    The functioning of stereotypes and stereotypisation in natural languages is not new since it is very frequently discussed in everyday communication. Thus, most often we speak about stereotypes of peoples, nations, ethnical groups, citizens of certain regions, cities and the like. For example, Warszawianin (Varsovian) – is a man who doesn't work much, but who will always manage, be a braggart and a capable man…, Krakowianin (– from Cracov) – is a brave, merry, stingy, conservative and prideful man. In the stereotype of a Polish man there are three basic features: patriotism, bravery and hospitality. A French man is elegant and delicate for the Polish people. A Polish man is pathetic for the Czechs, and a nationalist for the German people. The German is a foreigner with whom the Polish cannot communicate – a mute man.

    In general, given the language of human behaviuor, as a means of communication, stereotypes are negatively valuated as dangerous for normal understanding between people. However, it is clear for linguists that stereotypes are consistant elements of the language related to its essence. Therefore, stereotypisation does not only concern people and nations but also includes societal situations, human behavior, elements of the closest human surroundings, objects of nature, animals and plants, and elements of space, related to the categorisation of reality (scientific and common). The effect of the first is produced by the notions, and stereotypes are a result of the second. Another important mark of this distinction is the fact that notions are dominated by an intellectual element, and stereotypes are dominated by an emotional element.

  • IV - On the Metaillocutionary Power of Negation in Sugar Story by Slavko Janevski

  • from B - LANGUAGE IN THE DISCOURSE: MACEDONIAN – POLISH
  • Maciej Kawka, Jagiellonian University, Krakow
  • Book:
    Macedonian Discourses
    Published by:
    Jagiellonian University Press
    Published online:
    12 January 2018
    Print publication:
    01 January 2016, pp 198-204

  • Summary

    The notion of negation can be considered from several aspects. In this case, three types of negation will be considered, of which two have an explicitly linguistic character. The first relates to the negation of expression. It is about the morphological and semantic conditionality of the connection of ‘NO’ with various expression, i.e. the thematic foundations of expressions. The participation of ‘NO’ is often expressed in relation to backformation processes – this manner of study of negation gives scarce information on its function in the text. However, placing morphological indicators of negation on a syntactic plain, also facilitates the explanation of negation function in text structure and the discourse from a methodological aspect. Sentence negation is the second aspect.

    In addition to the involvement of negation constructions on a grammatical (syntactic) plain, attention should be paid to another, third sphere, to negation operations and to their indicators in the text. The functioning of negation in a literary text, and the problems related to illocution are in question here, and especially, the metaillocutory forces of speech, which act with negation in a literary text. This problem will be considered in the text of the children's tale, Sugar Story by Slavko Janevski.

    The iIllocutive character of literary works has been discussed many times, however, it is obvious that not all types of literary acts use illocution with the same degree and not all of them are endowed with the power of illocution. Illocutive acts of speech are particularly often used in certain types of magical stories intended for children. These kind of works and special genres, enriched with fantasy, possess magical formulae such as: magical words, curses, spells, messages, forbiddances, orders etc., which if passed on, can harm (or help) the protagonist first of all, but in certain circumstances, supporting characters are not spared and can also fall under their influence. The delivering of magical formulae, for example, ‘Open Sesame’ (Sezamie, otwórz się) or ‘Биди, арараио, камен, не-кјумур, не-мраз!’ cause, thanks to the language magic, events that decisively or crucially change the further course of action.

  • VI - The Global Dating Phenomenon

  • Violetta Krawczyk-Wasilewska
  • Foreword by Andy Ross
  • Book:
    Folklore in the Digital Age: Collected Essays
    Published by:
    Jagiellonian University Press
    Published online:
    22 December 2017
    Print publication:
    01 January 2016, pp 81-100

  • Summary

    Introduction

    The development of digital technology has facilitated the growth of interpersonal contacts through the spread of low cost telephone calls, mobile telephony, online chatting and emailing. Various forms of electronic contact have replaced traditional face-to-face communication within a so called ‘social network’, while a further intriguing aspect of this phenomenon is ‘online dating’ or ‘Internet dating’. This is a personal introductory system whereby individuals can find and contact each other over the Internet to arrange a date. Globalisation makes it possible to organise certain behaviours that follow the rules of match-making or dating, giving people the chance to find their soul mate and become a part of the eternal story of pairing a man and a woman. Online dating is now a part of everyday life for millions of people. It is the largest single way in which relationships start today. Young, but also middle-aged and elderly are subscribers to friend finding and dating websites looking for an e-pal, a friend, a companion, a lover, a partner, a consort or a spouse. This trend is caused by the increase of human loneliness in many developed countries.

    It is more than possible that the growing number of singletons (estimated to reach up to 40% of world adult population by 2021) will change habits, housing, use of energy, cost of living, services, etc. This truly revolutionary process may destroy the fabric of life based on home, family and permanent place of living. Young singletons of both sexes no longer feel socially odd; they use their status to explore the world, to build their careers before settling down, to try out new experiences and to enjoy working life to achieve a greater self-esteem. Singletons happy with their single status, known in the USA as “quirkylones” (from quirky alone) create a growing population all over the world. This trend is slowly becoming evident; suffice it to mention holidays for singles, solo-lifestyle promotion (i.e. National Unmarried and Single Americans Week), single meals in supermarkets, smaller apartments and properties, but also the rising amount of sheltered accommodation for the elderly and nursing homes, and finally the growth of online dating websites.

  • 8 - Contemporary value profiles of women and men – Polish pilot survey

  • Ewa Okoń-Horodyńska, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Anna Zachorowska-Mazurkiewicz, Jagiellonian University, Krakow
  • Book:
    Statistical Profiles of Women's and Men's Status in the Economy, Science and Society
    Published by:
    Jagiellonian University Press
    Published online:
    12 January 2018
    Print publication:
    01 January 2016, pp 145-164

  • Summary

    Abstract

    This chapter presents the results of a questionnaire survey on value profiles of Polish women and men with special emphasis on creativity. The measurement instrument enabled us to gain some insight into respondents’ value content and structure from both the individual and organizational perspectives. The similarities and differences between male and female respondents were analysed according to several research questions: (i) will the survey reflect the value patterns depending on the gender reported by participants? (ii) do Polish men and women differ in terms of their emphasis placed upon specific personal values including creativity? (iii) are there any significant differences between males’ and females’ perception of values emphasized in the organizations they declared working for? Contrary to other findings on the value profiles of Polish women and men, the current survey did not show any stronger value polarization on the basis of gender as declared by participants. This means that the value profiles were shaped in a similar way no matter whether a respondent was a woman or a man. Interestingly, the results of the survey showed, however, that women placed more emphasis on the vast majority of values compared to men. This tendency was visible both at the individual and organizational levels. This general higher value recognition declared by women is discussed with respect to eudaemonic versus hedonic life orientations. Creativity also appeared among the values on which female respondents significantly placed more emphasis then men, but only in organizational contexts.

    Key words: men, women, values, creativity

    Introduction

    For the needs of this chapter, the value profiles of Polish women and men are analysed with a special respect to creativity treated as a possible psychological correlate of innovativeness. Values are thought of as important entities for many disciplines, including philosophy, economics, psychology, sociology, political science, and related areas. Values have been extensively studied at different levels of analysis -from the cultural/societal (e.g. Inglehart and Welzel, 2005; Hofstede, 1980; Boski, 2010; Czapiński, 2013), through organizational (Hofstede and Hofstede, 2007; Bugdol, 2006) to the individual (e.g. Rokeach, 1973; Schwartz, 1992). Value surveys reflect ongoing scientific effort in explaining changes in the contemporary cross-cultured world. The common dimensions of values that may help to shed some light on differences among cultures and economies seem one of the most important issues within this field of study.

  • Noun formation in modern Upper Sorbian (selected issues)

  • Elżbieta Mańczak-Wohlfeld, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Barbara Podolak, Jagiellonian University, Krakow
  • Book:
    Words and Dictionaries
    Published by:
    Jagiellonian University Press
    Published online:
    18 January 2018
    Print publication:
    01 January 2016, pp 81-86

  • Summary

    My interest in the problem of noun formation in modern Upper Sorbian has been inspired by Professor Stanisław Stachowski's article, entitled “Słowotwórstwo rzeczowników w języku górnołużyckim XVII wieku” [The formation of nouns in Upper Sorbian in the 17th century] (1968). It is a unique and model publication as far as Sorbian linguistics is concerned. In fact, the least described part of this linguistics is word-formation, especially from the historical perspective. This point was stressed in the introduction to the article by the Author himself (p. 180). Unfortunately, it should be admitted that nothing has changed since that time. We still lack analyses pertaining to the word-formation of Sorbian linguistic monuments that would help us understand their historical formative processes (cf. Pohončowa 2013: 115).

    At this point, it is worth stating that the aforementioned article is not the only publication dedicated to Sorbian in the scholarly output of Prof. Stachowski. Inspired by the then head of the Slavic studies in Kraków, Tadeusz Lehr-Spławiński, who had tried to incline young scholars to widen their knowledge of Slavic languages and become interested in the Polabian language and the Sorbian languages, Stanisław Stachowski started investigating the Upper Sorbian language (Bura 2006: 139). Besides the article in question, he published Słownik do gornołużyckiego Katechizmu Warychiusza (1597) [A dictionary of the Upper Sorbian Catechism of Warichius (1597)] (1966), a linguistic monograph of Abraham Frencel's work (1967) entitled Język gornołużycki w “De originibus linguae Sorabicae” Abrahama Frencla (1693–1696) [Upper Sorbian in Abraham Frencel's “De originibus linguae Sorabicae”], and in 1978, a dictionary Słownik gornołużycki Abrahama Frencla (1693–1696) [Abraham Frencel's dictionary of Upper Sorbian (1693–1696)].

    In his article, Prof. Stachowski analyzed the formation of nouns in Upper Sorbian in the 17th century based on Frencel's De originibus linguae Sorabicae, which was a kind of Upper Sorbian-Latin-German dictionary. He presented the rich lexical material of the dictionary according to particular semantic categories. My aim, in turn, is to show the most important tendencies and phenomena pertaining to noun formation in Upper Sorbian on the basis of the lexical material included in Němsko-hornjoserbski słownik noweje leksiki by H. Jenč, A. Pohončowa and J. Šołćina (2006).

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