Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
  1. Home
  2. Publications
  3. Publishing partners
  4. Jagiellonian University Press
  5. Content listing

Refine listing

Refine listing

Access:
Content type:
Publication date:
Apply   From and To filters
Subject: Show more
Journals Show more
Publishers: Show more
Societies Show more
Series: Show more
Collections: Show more

Actions for selected content:

Select all | Deselect all
  • View selected items
  • Export citations
  • Download PDF (zip)
  • Save to Kindle
  • Save to Dropbox
  • Save to Google Drive

Save Search

You can save your searches here and later view and run them again in "My saved searches".

Please provide a title, maximum of 40 characters.
Cancel
×

3079 results in Jagiellonian University Press

Page 52 of 154

  • Dimensions of genre

  • from PART THREE - THE QUESTION OF GENRE
  • Katarzyna Bazarnik
  • Book:
    Liberature: A Book-bound Genre
    Published by:
    Jagiellonian University Press
    Published online:
    22 December 2017
    Print publication:
    01 December 2016, pp 135-144

  • Summary

    Structural, rhetorical and thematic dimensions

    Frow distinguishes three “structural dimensions” of genre that, taken as a cluster, determine the scope of what can be expressed and how. These are “the formal organization of genre,” “the rhetorical structure,” and “the thematic content” (Frow 2015: 81–83). The first dimension refers to ways of “shaping the material medium,” starting from such an elementary decision as the choice between oral or written language, i.e. the semantic medium and its submodes. Other formal choices include text length, its layout, and all that can be called the physical setting. Though he does not consider these last parameters as generic components per se, nevertheless Frow acknowledges that they function as “framing conditions which govern and may signal generic structure” (80). They shape the medium in a physical sense, but this is also related to ways of generating sense in the linguistic layer. An example is structuring a poem into stanzas, and using enjambment, which is a spatial- visual way of adding meaning to the syntactically generated sense. This means that the choice of the printed book as form may be comparable, as a generic signal, to graphic properties of poetry regulated by punctuation marks. It is a meaningful way of segmenting textual space, “and it stipulates certain kinds of textual cohesion” (81) related to the book's architecture: a codex, a leporello, a “shuffle” book, a scroll, etc. This is, in turn, related to the other aspects of the formal organisation of the work, which embrace “the ‘immaterial’ categories of time, space and enunciative position” (ibid.). In liberature these categories cross-sect the book form in ways that produce the effect of blending the fictional space and time with the actual space of the book interface and the reading time (cf. Bazarnik 2010a). The fusion may be reinforced through metatextual, narratorial comments, or by covert, ambiguous passages that may be metaphorically related to the architecture of the book. This happens, for example, when the unnamed narator of The Unfortunates thinks about his friend's physical disintegration. The word “degeneration” is the last of the section, separated from the preceding text by an extremely long blank.

    These formal aspects of genre are interconnected with the rhetorical dimension, which pertains to relations between senders and receivers, “organised in a structured situation of address” (Frow 2015: 82).

  • 19 - Procedure of Extracorporeal Treatment of Hypothermic Patients

    • By Tomasz Darocha, “Heat for Life” Foundation, Cracow, Poland, Sylweriusz Kosiński, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Pulmonary Hospital, Zakopane, Poland, Anna Jarosz, “Heat for Life” Foundation, Cracow, Poland, Hubert Hymczak, Severe Hypothermia Treatment Centre, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, John Paul II Hospital, Cracow, Poland, Robert Gałązkowski, Department of Emergency Medical Services, Medical University, Warsaw, Poland, Tomasz Sanak, Department of Disaster Medicine and Emergency Care, Chair of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Jagiellonian University Collegium Medicum, Cracow, Poland, Jerzy Sadowski, The Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantation, Jagiellonian University Collegium Medicum, John Paul II Hospital, Cracow, Poland, Bogusław Kapelak, The Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantation, Jagiellonian University Collegium Medicum, John Paul II Hospital, Cracow, Poland, Rafał Drwiła, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, John Paul II Hospital, Cracow, Poland
  • Edited by Sylweriusz Kosiński, Tomasz Darocha, Jerzy Sadowski, Rafał Drwiła
  • Book:
    Hypothermia: Clinical Aspects Of Body Cooling
    Published by:
    Jagiellonian University Press
    Published online:
    03 January 2018
    Print publication:
    01 December 2016, pp 169-176

  • Summary

    In June 2013 the first Polish system of qualification for extracorporeal rewarming of patients in severe hypothermia was developed, it encompasses with its reach the patients of Lesser Poland Voivodeship. The core of the system is Severe Hypothermia Treatment Centre (SHTC) by Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care at John Paul II Hospital in Kraków. Its objective is treatment of severe stages of hypothermia with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) method as well support of cooperating entities with knowledge and aiding them in decision making process. The concept of the entire programme and procedure itself were based upon experts’ recommendations as well as experience of other centres in the world [1–3], but reach and range of activity of SHTC are exceptional.

    The idea of the system development was based on previous experience of the systems originators and information gathered via countrywide questionnaire concerning hypothermia diagnosis and treatment [4]. Hypothermia, and its severe stages in particular, is diagnosed sporadically, but its incidence rate is probably higher than implied by the official statistical data. The means of treatment which were put to use have not always been successful, and instances of extracorporeal techniques were merely anecdotal. We assumed that the only way of increasing the efficacy of treatment is developing a system which will provide full care of the patients – from early identification, through safe transportation, up to present-day and efficient possibilities of rewarming and life support. Initially the victims of acute exposure hypothermia (e.g. in the mountains, after cold water immersion) were in the scope of our interest, but, according to our expectations, chronic urban hypothermia has proven to be the greatest challenge.

    The system would fail to function without broad educational and information campaign. Series of trainings for physicians, nurses, paramedics and also for the police, fire departments, and other entities cooperating with the system was initiated. During the meetings the means of recognising and treatment of hypothermia were discussed, population at risk was identified, and newly developed algorithm was presented. Educational materials and information on methods of notifying system coordinator reached all emergency departments (20 emergency departments proper and 11 inpatient departments), ambulance stations, fire departments, railroad police units, employees of 6 national parks, border guard, and police departments within the voivodeship.

  • Genre trouble

  • from PART THREE - THE QUESTION OF GENRE
  • Katarzyna Bazarnik
  • Book:
    Liberature: A Book-bound Genre
    Published by:
    Jagiellonian University Press
    Published online:
    22 December 2017
    Print publication:
    01 December 2016, pp 109-122

  • Summary

    A “venerable error”

    The word ‘genre’ derives from the Greek genos and Latin genus, i.e. ‘race’ or ‘kind.’ It entered the English language via French in the early nineteenth century (White 2003: 376), therefore coming into the language quite late. The same is true of “literature” – in the modern sense of imaginative works that possess an aesthetic quality, and which form a canon of texts important to a given culture – and the two words share a comparable vagueness. The etymology of ‘genre’ further imposes an analogy with biological taxonomy. With a long-lasting tradition going back to Aristotle, this analogy is responsible for the first, and still fairly common, understanding of genre as a tool for classifying texts and evaluating them against some prescribed criteria (Fowler 1982: 37; Fishelov 1993: 19–53; Miller 1994: 20; Rosmarin 1985: 23; Swales 1990: 34, Frow 2006: 26–7, 55–69).

    But for Alastair Fowler “this is a venerable error” (Fowler 1982: 37). The narrow, taxonomical perspective has not proved viable since many, if not most, literary works trespass upon, blur, or explode prescribed boundaries and often, if not always, blend several genres (Fowler 1982: 45–46, 171–190; Genette 1992; Beebee 1994; Frow 2015: 43–54). This is what must have led Croce to declare the “impossibility of such systematizations,” and to formulate his radical proposition that “[a]ll the books dealing with classifications and systems of the arts could be burned without any loss whatever” (1995: 114–115). Another essential factor that contributed to his view was the historical reconceptualisation of literature, rooted in German romanticism. In the wake of this reconceptualisation, “[t]he literary work came to be considered as an autonomous process, self-instituting and self-reflexive, entailing the laws of its own production and of its own theory. Hence, genre, in the sense of the literary genre, became the genre of self-generation… in its generalised and self-generating movement, literature seems to imply its own specification” (Chartin et al. 1980: 236, qtd. in Dowd 2006: 12). Convinced of this position, some literary critics have questioned the utility of genres for the classification of literature, if not the utility of the category per se, especially where this relates to twentieth and twenty-first century literature that supposedly defies generic labels (cf. Cohn 1989: 11).

Hypothermia: Clinical Aspects Of Body Cooling
  • Analysis Of Dangers Directions Of Modern Treatment
  • Edited by Sylweriusz Kosiński, Tomasz Darocha, Jerzy Sadowski, Rafał Drwiła
  • Published by:
    Jagiellonian University Press
    Published online:
    03 January 2018
    Print publication:
    01 December 2016
  • HYPOTHERMIA can be a blessing or a curse for our patients. Cardiac surgery, neurosurgery and intensive care are fields in which cooling of the body increases chances for recovery. Medical research is conducted in the entire world which aims to expand the use of hypothermia onto other spheres of medical practice.

    Unfortunately, hypothermia may also claim life. It may be a curse for those who live, work or rest in cold climate zones and for those who live in poverty right on our doorstep... It can strike hard and rough, but it can also be cunning and devious. The malicious side of hypothermia is the subject of the book which we present to our Readers. It was written by a group of people who have been studying intricacies of hypothermia for years? physicians, paramedics, mountain rescuers, and specialists in technical fields.

    We hope that the knowledge contained here will help to discover and comprehend hypothermia together with the modern methods of its treatment. Technological advancement offers us constantly new capabilities efficient and safe rewarming. Extracorporeal rewarming should not be considered 'a last-ditch effort'. Early diagnosis, identification of risk factors, and qualification of patients for extracorporeal life support enable a more efficient treatment. Delays in reporting of hypothermic patients and incomprehensible decision halting, often met in practice, determine eventual prognosis in this group of patients.

  • Liberature: an appendix to a dictionary of literary terms

  • from PART ONE - INBETWEENNESS
  • Katarzyna Bazarnik
  • Book:
    Liberature: A Book-bound Genre
    Published by:
    Jagiellonian University Press
    Published online:
    22 December 2017
    Print publication:
    01 December 2016, pp 31-38

  • Summary

    Incidentally, the question of gaze is also central to Fajfer's work. As a theme it features in the titles of his individual and collaborative books: Oka-leczenie, (O)patrzenie, Spoglądając przez ozonową dziurę, Powieki, and Widok z głębokiej wieży; which mean respectively: “healing/hurting of the eye,” “(over)looking,” “looking through an ozone hole,” “eyelids,” and “a view from a deep tower.” It is also at the heart of his programmatic, emanational poem “Ars poetica,” whose “invisible” lines spell out the urge “to see with your eyes, differently, to have other (different) eyes, to go, to see but with your and my eyes” (Fajfer 2007b) as if to erase the distance between different individual selves in order to merge them into hybrid I's/ eyes. So perhaps it was no coincidence that the poet turned his gaze towards literature's Other.

    Whoever should be cast in the role of coloniser and colonized here, it so happened that Fajfer spoke from a position of in-betweenness. Although he has always considered himself a creative writer, by provocatively entitling his essay “Liberature. Appendix to the Dictionary of Literary Terms” (1999) he ventured into the foreign land of theorising. The title suggested it was to be a scholarly text, a gloss of critical terminology, and an addition to the toolkit of analytical concepts. But the essay opens with a truculent tone, full of colourful comparisons, sweeping statements, emotive vocabulary, and a rhetorical question concerning the alleged “exhaustion of literature” (Fajfer 2010b: 23–24). Stylistically, it resembles an artistic manifesto rather than a restrained scholarly article. It has no apparatus, no footnotes, nor bibliography. Only after a passionate introduction does the argument move to more critical and philosophical reflections in which the author poses a series of questions concerning the medium of literature, form, space and time of the literary work, and the book.

    Employing definitions from a popular, comprehensive dictionary of literary terms as a foil, Fajfer argued for an acknowledgement of what he believed had been overlooked by scholarly analyses, namely the semantic potential of the materiality of language.

  • 15 - Changes of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Medications in Hypothermic Patients

    • By Jarosław Woroń, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit no. 1, Emergency and Mass-Event Medicine Trauma Centre, The University Hospital in Cracow, Poland, Jerzy Wordliczek, Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Collegium Medicum, Cracow, Poland
  • Edited by Sylweriusz Kosiński, Tomasz Darocha, Jerzy Sadowski, Rafał Drwiła
  • Book:
    Hypothermia: Clinical Aspects Of Body Cooling
    Published by:
    Jagiellonian University Press
    Published online:
    03 January 2018
    Print publication:
    01 December 2016, pp 139-144

  • Summary

    Medications administered to human organism undergo various subsequent pharmacokinetic processes. The drug must, first of all, be released from its formulation, i.e. tablet, capsule or suppository etc. Next, it is absorbed from various areas depending on the administration route – gastrointestinal tract when administered orally or rectally, subcutaneous or muscular tissue when given in form of tissue injection. Medications can be also absorbed through skin, and various types of mucous membrane other than in GI tract, e.g. in vagina or conjunctival sac of the eye. Volatile liquids, gasses and fine particles of solid bodies administered as aerosols or fine colloids can be absorbed by the lungs. Only drugs administered directly to circulatory system (intravenously, intra-arterially) are distributed instantaneously after administration, without release and absorption processes [1]. Both absorption as well as permeation of medications to tissues relies on transportation through various biological membranes. Such modes of transportation are: simple diffusion, convective transport, carrier mediated transport (facilitated diffusion and active transport), and pinocytosis. The essential role is played by simple diffusion and active transport. Simple diffusion is permeation of non-ionized and lipid-soluble particles through lipid membrane – the process is a movement down concentration gradient, is non-competitive and does not become saturated. Active transport is enabled by carrier system in cell membrane – the movement is against concentration gradient, is energy-dependent and its maximal speed is limited by number of carrier particles, it is competitively inhibited. Most of the processes described are determined in assumed physiological conditions [1].

    One of the significant parameters capable of altering drugs efficacy is body temperature. In pharmacokinetics pertaining to physiological state, speed of processes is evaluated in normothermia (36–37°C) [1]. Hypothermia and hyperthermia may cause alterations in distribution, metabolism, and elimination processes of a drug, what in clinical practice translates into variation in response to administered drug, frequently a necessity to modify doses, and different profile of potential side effects. Majority of medications after reaching circulatory system become bound to blood proteins – protein-bound drug is inactive, does not become distributed, biotransformed, or excreted. In hypothermic patients binding to proteins may occur to a lower extent what implies a larger fraction of free drug i.e. available for receptors in target tissues [1, 2].

  • Poetics of presence

  • from PART TWO - LIBERATURE AND RELATED CONCEPTS
  • Katarzyna Bazarnik
  • Book:
    Liberature: A Book-bound Genre
    Published by:
    Jagiellonian University Press
    Published online:
    22 December 2017
    Print publication:
    01 December 2016, pp 77-86

  • Summary

    Presentification

    In liberatic works, the metatextual and material devices create an impression of actuality. They attempt to make the reader aware of himself or herself as the reading self, and to suggest the author's “presence.” It is as if this is an attempt to fight back against the absence connoted by writing, which Derrida has pointed out. In other words, such devices may be understood as “presentification,” a term I borrow from Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht to describe a set of strategies intended to produce this effect. Reflecting on contemporary culture, Gumbrecht notes a drive towards experiencing artefacts in a palpable, multisensory way. For example, with regard to history, he points to the desire to simulate or create an experience of historical events, an urge that has recently intensified and that is achieved through:

    the presentification of past worlds – that is, techniques that produce the impression (or, rather, the illusion) that worlds of the past can become tangible again – [it] is an activity without any explanatory power in relation to the relative values of different forms of aesthetic experience (providing such explanations is what we used to think of as the function of historical knowledge in relation to aesthetics). (Gumbrecht 2004: 93–94)

    As Gumbrecht explains, it is an activity that stimulates an affective response. He claims that its value lies precisely in the experiential potential, which facilitates feeling rather than understanding of the past. As he stresses, “presentification” is concerned with experiencing “moments of intensity,” and not necessarily with generating meanings that can be captured in words (hence, the subtitle of his book – “What Meaning Cannot Convey”). Even if meaningful sense is generated, this cannot be grasped in terms of precise, easily verbalised concepts. It is closer to deeply felt impressions, associations, and evocations.

    With its emphasis on the affective response, this activity is related to catharsis. However, unlike Aristotle's concept, presentification is not limited to emotions with negative connotations. According to Gumbrecht, the intensity of the aesthetic experience connects with enchantment, rapture, elation, and the sense of being deeply moved. In my view, this may be related to the “immersion,” “absorption,” or “identification” experienced in literary reading. While recognising that these feelings are a facet of the encounter with art works, and constitute an important aspect of the aesthetic experience, Gumbrecht does not simply equate the feelings with the experience.

  • Chapter 4 - Treatment of stress urinary incontinence

  • Edited by Klaudia Stangel-Wójcikiewicz
  • Book:
    Regenerative Medicine for the Treatment of Urinary Incontinence
    Published by:
    Jagiellonian University Press
    Published online:
    03 January 2018
    Print publication:
    01 September 2016, pp 31-36

  • Summary

    Noninvasive treatment of SUI

    Noninvasive treatment is the cheapest and safest option for female patients. It includes pharmacotherapy, physiotherapy and behavioural therapy (reinforcing certain patterns of behaviour). Mixed UI, with a component of overactive bladder, requires pharmacological treatment with anticholinergic drugs. These substances (e.g. oxybutynin, tolterodine, soliphenacin), by reacting with muscarinic receptors, reduce the number of episodes of urge incontinence and consequently the number of leakage episodes associated with them. Local therapy with oestrogens or hyaluronic acid, by increasing the turgor and tone of vaginal tissues can, to some extent, improve symptoms of urinary incontinence [1]. The isolated type of SUI is treated with duloxetine, a serotonine and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor. This drug increases neuronal connectivity to the external urethral sphincter and increases bladder capacity by influencing the central nervous system. Duloxetine has been tested in a pre-approval clinical study. Physiotherapeutic procedures are also important in the treatment of mild symptoms of urine leakage. These include electrotherapy, kinesiotherapy and biofeedback.

    Pelvic floor training, first described by Arnold Kegel, strengthens the whole system of pelvic floor muscles to restore the normal position of pelvic organs. Therapy should be commenced as soon as the first symptoms of urine leakage occur. The highest success rates of conservative treatment are achieved in stress UI and mixed first- and second-grade UI (80 and 50% positive outcomes, respectively). The described methods require a high level of involvement from the patient and months-long training [2].

    Surgical treatment

    Surgery is the main method of treating SUI. In 1949 Marshall-Marchetti and Krantz reported a surgical suspension of the bladder neck to the periosteum of the pubic bone [3]. Because of complications, i.e. pubic periostitis, this method has been replaced by more advanced treatment options. In 1961 Burch proposed another surgical procedure in which the urethra and bladder neck are suspended by lifting the perivaginal tissues and suturing them to the Cooper's (pectineal) ligament on either side. This procedure is still considered the gold standard in the surgical treatment of SUI [4–6]. In 1991 Vancaillie reported the first laparoscopic colposuspension. Since then Burch procedures have been performed without opening the abdominal cavity [7].

  • Chinese Foreign Direct Investments in Europe. The Polish Case

  • from PART TWO - Economy and Markets in Transition
    • By Luciano Segreto, School of Political Sciences of the University of Florence, Magdalena Popowska, Associate Professor, Associate- Dean for International and Public Affairs
  • Edited by Joanna Wardęga
  • Book:
    China - Central and Eastern Europe Cross-Cultural Dialogue Society, Business and Education in Transition
    Published by:
    Jagiellonian University Press
    Published online:
    22 December 2017
    Print publication:
    01 September 2016, pp 229-258

  • Summary

    Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has been one of the most discussed topics in the economic globalization. In effect, Multi-National Corporations (MNCs) consider FDI as an important means to reform their production activities across the borders, maintaining the corporate strategies while using the competitive advantages of the host country. The inflow of FDI in the host country has seen as a significant opportunity to integrate their economies into the global market, and to promote their economic development. Host country's government, in order to maximize FDI's benefits, employs a variety of policies and measures. Nowadays, China becomes one of the biggest players in this FDI global game.

    This paper aims to present an updated vision of Chinese foreign investments in Europe, focusing particularly on Poland. The internationalization process of Chinese companies, which is perceived as the consequence of the greatest economic phenomenon that can be described as the progressive integration of China in the global economy, occurred in the last decades. It has been worth noticing how nowadays, enterprises compete among them through international strategies, not only on a trade relation basis, but also increasingly through overseas foreign direct investment (FDI). The framework in which the Chinese enterprising is evolving is taking enormous proportions, and it is expanding throughout the global market, seeking new opportunities and resources. Hence, seeking more favourable conditions than those found within their own national borders.

    Short historical background

    The inflow of FDI in China over the past 20 years, has significantly influenced its economic development. Since the opening-up to the global economy, China became one of the most important host countries for FDI flows (Wei & Liu, 2011). Therefore, the foreign companies established in the Mainland did not only provide financial capital, but also human capital such as management expertise and new technologies. In addition, FDI have helped to integrate the country into the regional and the global manufacturing and sales process, which has been determinant in intensifying its export-driven economic growth. Accordingly, it is now widely recognized that foreign investment has contributed significantly in the Chinese process of modernization (Jiang, 2012).

    Nowadays, the trend has changed; from China's impressive economic development, and after its accession to WTO in 2001, the Chinese government decided to adopt a policy aiming at encouraging Chinese outbound investments.

  • Chapter 7 - Development of a robotic tool aiding a new stem cell-based treatment for stress urinary incontinence in women

  • Edited by Klaudia Stangel-Wójcikiewicz
  • Book:
    Regenerative Medicine for the Treatment of Urinary Incontinence
    Published by:
    Jagiellonian University Press
    Published online:
    03 January 2018
    Print publication:
    01 September 2016, pp 65-74

  • Summary

    In 2012, the Polish National Centre for Research and Development (NCBiR), under its Applied Research Programme, granted funds to launch a project entitled Micromanipulation with surgical instruments for assisting in intercorporeal procedures with the use of vision imaging (MACHWIZ). The project's aim was to develop practical methods of designing devices for the micromanipulation of surgical instruments with visual feedback for handling the tools and additional imaging methods for the location of tissues or organs subject to the treatment. The work was focused on procedures carried out with endoscopic tools through natural body orifices within the lesser pelvis. Injecting stem cells into the urethral sphincter in treating stress urinary incontinence in women is an example of this type of procedure used for the verification of the developed method. The functionality of the designed tool was verified during experiments on a demonstration station fitted with a urologic phantom.

    Current studies use conventional systems to visualise the manipulation environment. The most common are ultrasound imaging and endoscopic vision systems. The disadvantage of these methods is that the obtained image allows only for the assessment of some parameters critical for the manipulation process. Therefore, the MACHWIZ project relies on multimodal (hybrid) imaging methods using an ultrasound scanner, an endoscopic camera with an integrated light source, and urethral pressure profilometry. Experiments were carried out on a laboratory station fitted with imaging systems and a phantom model of the lesser pelvis. The project aimed at developing techniques for data acquisition to be used for multimodal imaging (synergistic images), initial processing and joint presentation of multimodal images.

    The developed methods were used to design a robotic device aiding the micromanipulation of endoscopic surgical instruments through natural body orifices within the lesser pelvis. The functionality of the designed device was verified during experiments on a demonstration station fitted with a urologic and gynaecologic phantom, imitating the real anatomical, optical and mechanical features of major organs of the lesser pelvis. Results from the experiments were considered for necessary modifications of the developed design procedure and for preliminary evaluation of the designed tool with a focus on its functionality in clinical practice.

  • Link in the History: The Development of the Research on Avguštin Hallerstein and its Contemporary Meaning

  • from PART THREE - Education in Transition
    • By Huang Zhuoyue, Professor of Literary and Cultural Studies, Director of Institute for International Sinology Studies in Beijing Language and Culture University
  • Edited by Joanna Wardęga
  • Book:
    China - Central and Eastern Europe Cross-Cultural Dialogue Society, Business and Education in Transition
    Published by:
    Jagiellonian University Press
    Published online:
    22 December 2017
    Print publication:
    01 September 2016, pp 433-442

  • Summary

    Since the end of the 16th century, Jesuits carried out a huge plan of taking a sea-voyage eastward. Missionaries from Eastern Europe started arriving in China accordingly. For example, from the early 17th century to the mid-18th century, statistics show that four Polish missionaries came into mainland China, amongst whom Jean M. Smogolenski and Michal Boym (Wardęga, 2010) were the most famous ones and both had the experience of studying theology in Krakow. Amongst other missionaries to China were also Karel Slavicek from Czech (Bohemia) Avguštin Hallerstein from Slovenia.They were the first Eastern Europeans getting to know China. In recent years, with the increasingly close communication between China and Europe, the research on Eastern European missionaries which concerns plenty of untapped materials and topics, begins to attract attention from academia. I attended a round table conference on Avguštin Hallerstein, held by Slovenian scholars at Ljubljana in 2006. From then on, I got myself involved with the historical character. Participating in a lot of activities in Europe or Beijing, I, to some extent, became a direct witness to the research plan on Avguštin Hallerstein. Therefore, I hope to take this opportunity to provide an academic overview to this important historical character. Since in contemporary academic context, as we can see, the Jesuits’ coming to China is not an issue free of controversy, this paper intends to give reflective consideration to the activities of early Jesuit missionaries including Avguštin Hallerstein in China, with reference to some new theoretical discourses.

    A kind of Process: Retrospection on the Research of Avguštin Hallerstein

    As an international project, the research on Avguštin Hallerstein was undertaken mainly by the scholars from Slovenia and China. Yan Zonglin, a scholar living in Republican China, was the first one paying attention to Avguštin Hallerstein. At the end of the 1930s (or in the beginning of 1940) he published a paper named The Document of Portuguese Envoy coming to China in the 18th Year of the Reign of Emperor Qianlong, which illustrated in detail, how Avguštin Hallerstein, a man from “热尔马尼亚人”, as a Portuguese envoy, had passed through customs in China (Yan, 2003, pp. 213–215).

  • The Role of the Confucius Institute at Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje in Promoting the Chinese language, Culture and Business in the Republic of Macedonia

  • from PART THREE - Education in Transition
    • By Velimir Stojkovski, Rector of Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Deng Shizhong, Professor, Chinese director of the Confucius Institute at Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje since 2013, Elena Damjanoska, Chinese Language and Literature and English Language and Literature
  • Edited by Joanna Wardęga
  • Book:
    China - Central and Eastern Europe Cross-Cultural Dialogue Society, Business and Education in Transition
    Published by:
    Jagiellonian University Press
    Published online:
    22 December 2017
    Print publication:
    01 September 2016, pp 391-406

  • Summary

    The Republic of Macedonia and the People's Republic of China have strengthened their relations and cooperation since establishing diplomatic relations more than two decades ago. This cooperation has increased in the past ten years, which only emphasizes the importance and the role which the Confucius Institute has had in this process.

    The purpose of this paper is to determine the extent of the need for the development of culture-specific Chinese business classes, due to the demand for business Chinese in companies and for personal use. We will focus on those Chinese classes that have been offered and conducted thus far. We plan on providing a concise overview of our teaching program as well as past experiences and results. In our research, we will use the data gathered from the surveys we have conducted among the current Confucius Institute students.

    Historical Background of the Sino – Macedonian cooperation

    The Republic of Macedonia and the People's Republic of China established diplomatic relations in 1993. In the past, Macedonia and China continued to develop and maintain close bilateral economic relations. This has later been emphasized through the increase of trade between the two countries, as well as the great number of investments and projects funded by the Chinese government in areas such as hydro power plants, IT sector, etc. In 2012, PR China established a USD 10 billion fund for infrastructure projects in Central and Eastern Europe. Macedonia is the first country to have signed an agreement to use part of the funds in the amount of EUR 580 million for the largest-ever Sino-Macedonian joint infrastructure project. The project involves the construction of two new sections of a highway: Miladinovci – Shtip and Kichevo-Ohrid, which is being constructed in Macedonia by SINOHYDRO. One of the biggest investments in the public transport sector was the purchase of 313 buses from Zhengzhou Yutong Bus Company for the purposes of the Skopje Public Transport company – JSP in 2012. In 2014, a contract was signed with CSR Zhuzhou for the procurement of four diesel and two electric trains by the Macedonian national railway operator MZ Transport.

    Chinese companies have also left a footprint in the telecommunications sector in Macedonia. In 2006, ZTE signed a contract with the second largest data communication operator Neocom to construct the first optical transmission network in Macedonia.

  • Comparison of Telecommunications Development Pattern in China and the Republic of Macedonia

  • from PART TWO - Economy and Markets in Transition
    • By Ciril Kafol, Telekom Slovenije subsidiary in Republic of Macedonia, Metka Tekavcic, Academic Unit of Management and Organization at the FELU, Ljubo Drakulevski, Faculty of Economics Skopje, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Atanas Kochov, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering in Skopje, University
  • Edited by Joanna Wardęga
  • Book:
    China - Central and Eastern Europe Cross-Cultural Dialogue Society, Business and Education in Transition
    Published by:
    Jagiellonian University Press
    Published online:
    22 December 2017
    Print publication:
    01 September 2016, pp 291-302

  • Summary

    Introduction

    Telecommunication operators market has been growing fast in the last two decades. Convergent telecommunication operators operated in four major areas: mobile telephony, fixed telephony, broadband or Internet services and lately, delivery of television services over existing telecommunication platforms. The telecommunication industry boomed especially in the mobile and broadband segment. There is a difference in telecommunication in the developed and developing countries.

    According to ITU (2015), 3.2 billion people globally are using the Internet by the end of 2015, out of which 2 billion are from developing countries. For every Internet user in the developed world, there are 2 in the developing world. However, 4 billion people from developing countries remain offline, representing 2/3 of the population residing in developing countries. Of the 940 million people living in the least developed countries (LDCs), only 89 million use the Internet, corresponding to a 9.5% penetration rate.

    ITU (2015) study also claims that by the end of 2015, there are more than 7 billion mobile cellular subscriptions, corresponding to a penetration rate of 97%, up from 738 million in 2000. Between 2000 and 2015, global Internet penetration grew 7-fold, from 6.5% to 43%. Mobile broadband is the most dynamic market segment; globally, mobile-broadband penetration reaches 47% in 2015, a value that increased 12 times since 2007. The proportion of households with Internet access at home increased from 18% in 2005 to 46% in 2015. Fixed-broadband uptake is growing at a slower pace, with a 7% annual increase over the past three years, reaching 11% penetration by end 2015. The proportion of the population covered by a 2G mobile-cellular network grew from 58% in 2001 to 95% in 2015.

    The Peoples Republic of China and the Republic of Macedonia went through fast development phase of telecommunication operators market over the last two decades. Study of the development patterns may give useful information and improve trending ability also uncovering available co-operation possibilities. For the purpose of this article, we compare historical data and trends of the current data on main telecommunication identifiers between the PRC and the Republic of Macedonia. We also add information on historical data and trends of the development of telecommunication systems in the Republic of Slovenia in order to compare results.

  • Preface

  • Edited by Klaudia Stangel-Wójcikiewicz
  • Book:
    Regenerative Medicine for the Treatment of Urinary Incontinence
    Published by:
    Jagiellonian University Press
    Published online:
    03 January 2018
    Print publication:
    01 September 2016, pp 7-8

  • Summary

    Recent years have seen tremendous progress in biotechnology and the use of stem cells in different fields of medical science, known as regenerative medicine. With good reason, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2012 was jointly awarded to Sir John Gurdon and Shinya Yamanaka. Despite a 40-year gap between their discoveries, both researchers focused on the same element: genes in the cytoplasm of an egg cell that can reprogramme mature cells to become pluripotent. Yamanaka introduced these genes into mature cells and experimentally obtained induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC cells). The major objective of this book is to present an overview of studies on the use of stem cells for the treatment of urinary incontinence. The ongoing progress that has been observed in this discipline requires constant knowledge update. Reports on subsequent phases of clinical trials investigating the use of mature stem cells imply that this therapy is no longer a futuristic dream but a clinical fact. The trend towards limiting the invasiveness of surgical procedures in urogynecology may prompt the use of alternative therapeutic methods with minimal risk of complications, which is possible with the application of the patient's autologous tissue material.

    Understanding the anatomical structures of the lesser pelvis, including the urethra and urethral sphincter, is important to comprehend the idea of restoring their normal functions using stem cells. In addition, this book provides information on state-of-the art teaching methods to develop clinical skills such as making diagnoses and therapeutic decisions (for students, doctors, biotechnologists) offered by e-learning and a virtual patient model accessible anytime and anywhere. This teaching tool, still underestimated and unpopular in many countries, can become a standard element of medical education. Work on the new therapeutic procedure would not be possible without the involvement of a multidisciplinary team of scientists, including engineers, who aim at developing a method for the precise administration of stem cell suspension into the target site specified by a doctor.

  • Conceptualizations of Constitutionalism in Recent China's Debates: Preliminary Typologies

  • from PART I - Society and Culture in Transition
    • By Mateusz Stępień, Associate Professor in the Department of Sociology of Law at the Faculty of Law and Administration, Jagiellonian University, Cracow
  • Edited by Joanna Wardęga
  • Book:
    China - Central and Eastern Europe Cross-Cultural Dialogue Society, Business and Education in Transition
    Published by:
    Jagiellonian University Press
    Published online:
    22 December 2017
    Print publication:
    01 September 2016, pp 155-164

  • Summary

    For many reasons, the lack of complete freedom of speech in China did not stop a wide range of schools of thought, ideologies and social and political doctrines from developing in China. According to He Li's position, some significant intellectual threads such as Liberalism, Neo-Authoritarianism, New Left, Democratic Socialism and New Confucianism have emerged (2015; see also e.g. Frenkiel, 2015). Each of them provides a different vision of a political system desirable for China. From the China's governing elite perspective, this relative pluralism of visions of political system is just as desirable as potentially destructive. That can be perfectly seen in the current mode of governance, where the need of experimenting and searching for new ideas on governance (including ideas regarding the form of official ideology) involves the risk that it may potentially lead to overthrowing of the ruling party. In fact, the role and significance of CCP's vision of political system and ideologies linked to them, does not exclude the possibility of searching for, and experimenting with unorthodox sources (due to the economic requirements, international commitments, situational necessities etc.). On the one hand, the eclectic and ‘open’ nature of the official political ideology which developed after 1978 provides relative flexibility, and on the other hand, it does not lead to the development of a coherent and stable ideological and axiological ‘guidance’ (Benedikter, 2014, p. 2). This is the perfect example of China's political practice known as ‘guerrilla policy style’ (Heilmann & Perry 2011, pp. 12–13, 23).

    With that in mind, let's focus on current debates among the Chinese intellectuals on constitutionalism, or the so called constitutional rule (xianzheng 宪政). For a long time, the role of the term xianzheng was rather marginal, though the term itself, along with the vision of political reforms related to it, was present in the debates on China's modernization since the late nineteenth century. Since 1978, other concepts, next to the official ones, dominated the narrative of the reforms (democracy, rule of law, human rights etc.). In the first and second decade of the twenty-first century, the idea of xianzheng became increasingly popular. A vibrant debate on that issue has developed, in which it is possible to distinguish three broad schools of thought: Liberal, Socialistic (or Sinized Marxist) and Confucian Constitutionalism (see e.g. Peng Chengyi, 2011b, 2011a, 2013).

  • 9 - Conclusions

  • Iwona Kowal
  • Book:
    The Dynamics of Complexity, Accuracy and Fluency in Second Language Development
    Published by:
    Jagiellonian University Press
    Published online:
    06 March 2018
    Print publication:
    01 September 2016, pp 207-216

  • Summary

    Dynamic Systems Theory investigates complex systems and describes how these systems change over time. The transformation of complex, dynamic systems is never linear in fashion. They behave chaotically and their development is thus unpredictable. A minor change in the initial phases can have major consequences in the future. Therefore, such chaotic behaviour makes it impossible to predict how a transition from one state to another will proceed. Furthermore, when considering complex systems we cannot treat them separately from one another because all their parts are interconnected. A change in behaviour in one system by necessity leads to the reorganization of others. There is also considerable variation both within several systems and between them. In developmental studies intra-individual variability indicates that a system is undergoing dynamic change and is far from being in a state of equilibrium. Variation between systems, on the other hand, suggests that they are in different phases of development.

    Because Dynamic Systems Theory focus on the behaviour of complex systems and describes how they change over time it has also proven useful in second language studies. In this area it investigates how a new language emerges in second language learners. Hitherto studies, conducted from the point of view of DST, have investigated second language development in a few learners and with a dense data collection point. What was missing, however, were longitudinal studies analyzing a larger set of individuals, where the focus is not on investigating different groups at different levels, but rather on tracing the development of the individuals forming a single group. The present study was conceived with a view to filling this gap. Its aim was to follow the development of fifteen young adults with Polish as their L1 who were beginning to learn a new language (Swedish) in a classroom environment. Their development was followed in all stages, starting from the first semester and ending with the end of the third year of learning Swedish. The study was not microdevelopmental but rather macrodevelopmental in character due to the fact that experimental sessions took place at the end of every semester, i.e. after about every 120−150 hours of second language classes.

  • Chapter 3 - Clinical types of urinary incontinence

  • Edited by Klaudia Stangel-Wójcikiewicz
  • Book:
    Regenerative Medicine for the Treatment of Urinary Incontinence
    Published by:
    Jagiellonian University Press
    Published online:
    03 January 2018
    Print publication:
    01 September 2016, pp 27-30

  • Summary

    The International Continence Society (ICS), a membership organisation for medical professionals and scientists focused on incontinence issues, was founded by Eric Glen in the 1970s. Because of the variety of complaints and causes of UI, the ICS proposed a classification of UI to standardize nomenclature and help to develop clear diagnostic and therapeutic protocols.

    ICS distinguished the following types of urinary incontinence:

  • - stress urinary incontinence (SUI);

  • - urgency urinary incontinence (UUI);

  • - mixed urinary incontinence (MUI);

  • - nocturnal enuresis;

  • - post-micturition dribble and continuous urinary leakage.

    • Stress urinary incontinence

    SUI is the complaint of involuntary leakage caused by increased intra- -abdominal pressure.

    Grades of SUI classified depending on the severity of symptoms (the Stamey scale) are presented below:

  • - Grade 1: urine leakage is associated with vigorous activity and a rapid increase in intra-abdominal pressure;

  • - Grade 2: urine leakage is associated with a moderate increase in intra-abdominal pressure during normal daily activities, on coughing, sneezing, laughing or change in body position;

  • - Grade 3: urine leakage occurs at all times, regardless of activity or position, even in bed.

    • A practical classification of SUI proposed by Blaivas, and also recommended by the Standardization Committee of the ICS:

  • - type 0: the vesical neck is closed at rest and is above the inferior margin of the symphysis. The neck is deficient on coughing, but no urine leakage is reported;

  • - type I: the vesical neck descends < 2 cm, and is deficient on coughing. UI is seen;

  • - type IIA: > 2 cm vesical neck descent and deficiency on coughing, UI and coexisting cystocele;

  • - type IIB: the vesical neck closed at rest and is at or below the symphysis. On coughing there may be further descent, and incontinence is seen;

  • - type III: i ntrinsic sphincter deficiency – ISD [1].

  • China's Role in the New World Order

  • from PART I - Society and Culture in Transition
  • Edited by Joanna Wardęga
  • Book:
    China - Central and Eastern Europe Cross-Cultural Dialogue Society, Business and Education in Transition
    Published by:
    Jagiellonian University Press
    Published online:
    22 December 2017
    Print publication:
    01 September 2016, pp 35-46

  • Summary

    Introduction

    Chinese cultural heritage may provide missing messages for global institutions: how to reach long-term sustainability and efficiency, and how to accommodate to Eastern cultures. These are the two basic pillars of global peace, or otherwise of enhancing the normative convergence all around the world. We would not like to suggest that western religious tradition needs the East to solve the problems of the world (as Voltaire suggested), but we state that both sides have to have the ability to understand and cooperate with each other. Basically, this means global harmony of all high cultures in the world, which may be the foundation of global institutions in the current wave of globalisation; as Buzan says:

    “Peaceful rise involves a two-way process in which the rising power accommodates itself to rules and structures of international society, while at the same time other powers accommodate some changes in those rules and structures by way of adjusting to the new disposition of power and status.” (Buzan, 2010, p. 5)

    “Peaceful rise” itself is not a historical fact, it's an idealistic goal that is based on all levels of international cooperation – this is the meaning of the term “two-way process”. Since this goal is impossible to be achieved by China alone, it requires continuous harmony among the actors of the international arena to create the necessary conditions. This proves that the common global interests are the sources of competitiveness.

    Confucian and Taoist values, China's history and its solutions for creating a unity within the Great Wall serves as an example for global powers in the 21st century in forming a sustainable method of solving global and regional issues. This is the most important source of China's own developing model that differentiates it from:

  • Western countries;

  • those emerging countries that adapted the Western suggestions and best practices without any reservations;

  • leading global powers that are historically more integrated into global issues (e.g. Russia).

    • Although China is increasingly included in globalization, the concrete process is a matter of how China joins globalization rather than how China modifies the current workflow.

Page 52 of 154