Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- PREFACE
- CONTRIBUTORS
- PART ONE ANATOMY AND THE AGING PROCESS
- PART TWO ANESTHESIA AND SEDATION FOR OFFICE COSMETIC PROCEDURES
- PART THREE FILLERS AND NEUROTOXINS
- Chap. 6 FILLERS: PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE
- Chap. 7 HYALURONIC ACID FILLERS: HOW STRUCTURE AFFECTS FUNCTION
- Chap. 8 RESTYLANE: GENERAL CONCEPTS
- Chap. 9 THE RESTYLANE FAMILY OF FILLERS: CANADIAN EXPERIENCE
- Chap. 10 THE JUVÉDERM FAMILY OF FILLERS
- Chap. 11 PURAGEN: A NEW DERMAL FILLER
- Chap. 12 PURAGEN: ASIAN EXPERIENCE
- Chap. 13 REVIEW OF COLLAGEN FILLERS
- Chap. 14 HUMAN AND BOVINE COLLAGEN-BASED FILLERS
- Chap. 15 PORCINE COLLAGEN: EVOLENCE
- Chap. 16 CALCIUM HYDROXYLAPATITE (RADIESSE): A FACIAL PLASTIC SURGEON'S APPROACH
- Chap. 17 CALCIUM HYDROXYLAPATITE (RADIESSE): A DERMASURGEON'S APPROACH
- Chap. 18 CALCIUM HYDROXYLAPATITE FOR HAND VOLUME RESTORATION
- Chap. 19 LONG-LASTING FILLERS: HOW STRUCTURE AFFECTS FUNCTION
- Chap. 20 ACRYLIC PARTICLE–BASED FILLERS: ARTEFILL
- Chap. 21 POLY-L-LACTIC ACID FILLERS
- Chap. 22 POLY-L-LACTIC ACID (SCULPTRA) FOR HAND VOLUME RESTORATION
- Chap. 23 BIOALKAMIDE
- Chap. 24 SILICONE
- Chap. 25 AUTOLOGOUS FAT TRANSFER: AN INTRODUCTION
- Chap. 26 SMALL-VOLUME FAT TRANSFER
- Chap. 27 LARGER-VOLUME FAT TRANSFER
- Chap. 28 FAMI TECHNIQUE AND FAT TRANSFER FOR HAND REJUVENATION
- Chap. 29 ADDING VOLUME TO THE AGING FACE: FAT GRAFTING VERSUS FILLERS AND IMPLANTS IN EUROPE
- Chap. 30 FILLERS: HOW WE DO IT
- Chap. 31 CHOOSING A FILLER
- Chap. 32 FILLER COMPLICATIONS
- Chap. 33 NEUROTOXINS: PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE
- Chap. 34 BOTOX: HOW WE DO IT
- Chap. 35 COSMETIC BOTOX: HOW WE DO IT
- Chap. 36 BOTOX: BEYOND THE BASICS
- Chap. 37 BOTOX FOR HYPERHIDROSIS
- Chap. 38 DYSPORT
- Chap. 39 NEUROTOXIN ALTERNATIVE: RADIOFREQUENCY CORRUGATOR DENERVATION
- Chap. 40 FILLERS AND NEUROTOXINS IN ASIA
- Chap. 41 FILLERS AND NEUROTOXINS IN SOUTH AMERICA
- PART FOUR COSMETIC APPLICATIONS OF LIGHT, RADIOFREQUENCY, AND ULTRASOUND ENERGY
- PART FIVE OTHER PROCEDURES
- INDEX
- References
Chap. 12 - PURAGEN: ASIAN EXPERIENCE
from PART THREE - FILLERS AND NEUROTOXINS
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 06 July 2010
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- PREFACE
- CONTRIBUTORS
- PART ONE ANATOMY AND THE AGING PROCESS
- PART TWO ANESTHESIA AND SEDATION FOR OFFICE COSMETIC PROCEDURES
- PART THREE FILLERS AND NEUROTOXINS
- Chap. 6 FILLERS: PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE
- Chap. 7 HYALURONIC ACID FILLERS: HOW STRUCTURE AFFECTS FUNCTION
- Chap. 8 RESTYLANE: GENERAL CONCEPTS
- Chap. 9 THE RESTYLANE FAMILY OF FILLERS: CANADIAN EXPERIENCE
- Chap. 10 THE JUVÉDERM FAMILY OF FILLERS
- Chap. 11 PURAGEN: A NEW DERMAL FILLER
- Chap. 12 PURAGEN: ASIAN EXPERIENCE
- Chap. 13 REVIEW OF COLLAGEN FILLERS
- Chap. 14 HUMAN AND BOVINE COLLAGEN-BASED FILLERS
- Chap. 15 PORCINE COLLAGEN: EVOLENCE
- Chap. 16 CALCIUM HYDROXYLAPATITE (RADIESSE): A FACIAL PLASTIC SURGEON'S APPROACH
- Chap. 17 CALCIUM HYDROXYLAPATITE (RADIESSE): A DERMASURGEON'S APPROACH
- Chap. 18 CALCIUM HYDROXYLAPATITE FOR HAND VOLUME RESTORATION
- Chap. 19 LONG-LASTING FILLERS: HOW STRUCTURE AFFECTS FUNCTION
- Chap. 20 ACRYLIC PARTICLE–BASED FILLERS: ARTEFILL
- Chap. 21 POLY-L-LACTIC ACID FILLERS
- Chap. 22 POLY-L-LACTIC ACID (SCULPTRA) FOR HAND VOLUME RESTORATION
- Chap. 23 BIOALKAMIDE
- Chap. 24 SILICONE
- Chap. 25 AUTOLOGOUS FAT TRANSFER: AN INTRODUCTION
- Chap. 26 SMALL-VOLUME FAT TRANSFER
- Chap. 27 LARGER-VOLUME FAT TRANSFER
- Chap. 28 FAMI TECHNIQUE AND FAT TRANSFER FOR HAND REJUVENATION
- Chap. 29 ADDING VOLUME TO THE AGING FACE: FAT GRAFTING VERSUS FILLERS AND IMPLANTS IN EUROPE
- Chap. 30 FILLERS: HOW WE DO IT
- Chap. 31 CHOOSING A FILLER
- Chap. 32 FILLER COMPLICATIONS
- Chap. 33 NEUROTOXINS: PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE
- Chap. 34 BOTOX: HOW WE DO IT
- Chap. 35 COSMETIC BOTOX: HOW WE DO IT
- Chap. 36 BOTOX: BEYOND THE BASICS
- Chap. 37 BOTOX FOR HYPERHIDROSIS
- Chap. 38 DYSPORT
- Chap. 39 NEUROTOXIN ALTERNATIVE: RADIOFREQUENCY CORRUGATOR DENERVATION
- Chap. 40 FILLERS AND NEUROTOXINS IN ASIA
- Chap. 41 FILLERS AND NEUROTOXINS IN SOUTH AMERICA
- PART FOUR COSMETIC APPLICATIONS OF LIGHT, RADIOFREQUENCY, AND ULTRASOUND ENERGY
- PART FIVE OTHER PROCEDURES
- INDEX
- References
Summary
Hyaluronic acid (HA) was first discovered by Meyer and Palmer in 1934. HA is a long, linear polysaccharide composed of repeating disaccharide units of N-acetylglucosamine and D-glucuronic acid. HA has potential use in skin rejuvenation, is rapidly metabolized by hyaluronidase and free radicals, and is highly soluble. By using cross-linking agents, the in vivo residence of HA can be increased. Currently various HAs are being used to rejuvenate facial skin. Animal-source single-cross-linked HA was developed in 1990; its concentration is 5.5 mg/mL, and its duration is relatively short. Non-animal-source single-cross-linked HA was developed in 1994, with a concentration of 20–24 mg/mL and a duration that is relatively longer than the animal-source HA. More recently, a non-animal-source double-cross-linked HA, Puragen, which was recently renamed Prevelle (Mentor Corp.), was developed.
WHAT IS PURAGEN?
Restylane and Puragen have the same concentration of HA (20 mg/mL); however, Puragen has different constituent properties from Restylane. First, the HA chains of Puragen are chemically cross-linked, giving in vivo stability to the product. Hylaform, Restylane, and Juvéderm are single cross-linked with ether bonds. Puragen is double cross-linked with ether bonds and ester bonds. Ester bond linkages confer increased stability and protect ether bonds during sterilization, and are hydrophobic. The novel process can be tailored to yield water-insoluble gels and films with a broad range of physical and chemical characteristics, and greater resistance to degradation by hyaluronidase and free radicals. Second, Restylane has a larger particle size (about 250–300 μm) than Puragen (about 200 μm).
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- Chapter
- Information
- Office-Based Cosmetic Procedures and Techniques , pp. 56 - 58Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2010