Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-nr4z6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-30T18:35:44.820Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

5 - Mechanical Properties of Composite Materials

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 April 2022

Frank R. Jones
Affiliation:
University of Sheffield
Get access

Summary

This chapter describes the mechanical performance of a fibre composite. A number of variables that control deformation and fracture are discussed: continuous or discontinuous fibres; fibre angle; fibre length; the transfer of stress between matrix and fibre at a short fibre and/or a fibre-break; and the role of the matrix. Individual components can fracture independently and control the micromechanics; the redistribution of stress after these events is discussed.

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2022

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Halpin, J. G. and Tsai, S. W., Environmental factors in composite design, AFML Technical Report, TR67 423 (1967).Google Scholar
Clyne, T. W., Cambridge composites lectures, C16, University of Cambridge (2015).Google Scholar
Hull, D., An introduction to composite materials (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981)Google Scholar
Bailey, J. E. and Parvizi, A., On fibre debonding effects and the mechanism of transverse ply failure in cross-ply laminates of glass fibre/thermoset composites. J. Materials Sci. 16 (1981), 649659.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chamis, C. C.. Microchemical failure theory. In Composite materials, vol. 5, ed. Broutman, L. J. and Krock, R. H. (New York: Academic Press, 1974).Google Scholar
Kies, J. A., Maximum strains in the resin of fiberglass composites, US Naval Research Report 5752 (1962).Google Scholar
Weibull, W., A statistical distribution function of wide applicability. J. Appl. Mech. 18 (1951), 293297.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCrum, N. G., Review of the science of fibre reinforced plastics (London: HMSO, 1971).Google Scholar
Coleman, B. D., On the strength of classical fibres and fibre bundles. J. Mech. Phy. Solids 7 (1958), 6070.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosen, B. W., Mechanics of composite strengthening. In Fibre composites materials (Metals Park, OH: ASM, 1965).Google Scholar
Hashin, Z. and Rosen, B. W., The elastic moduli of fiber-reinforced materials. J. Appl. Mech. 31 (1964), 223232.Google Scholar
Foreman, J. P., Behzadi, S., Porter, D., Curtis, P. T., and Jones, F. R., Hierarchical modelling of a polymer matrix composite. J. Mater. Sci. 43 (2008), 66426650.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dunsford, D. V., Harvey, J., Hutchings, J., and Judd, C. H., The effect of surface treatment of type 2 carbon fibres on CFRP properties. (London: HMSO, 1981).Google Scholar
Hannant, D. J., Fibre cements and fibre concretes. (Chichester: Wiley, 1978).Google Scholar
Kelly, A. and MacMillan, N. H., Strong solids, 3rd ed. (Oxford: Clarendon, 1990).Google Scholar
Kelly, A. and Tyson, W. R., Tensile properties of fibre-reinforced metals: copper/tungsten and copper/molybdenum. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 13 (1965), 329338.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cox, H. L., The elasticity and strength of paper and other fibrous materials. Br. J. Appl. Phys. 3 (1952), 72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bailey, J. E., Curtis, P. T., and Parvizi, A., On the transverse cracking and longitudinal splitting behaviour of glass and carbon fibre reinforced epoxy cross ply laminates and the effect of poisson and thermally generated strain. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. A 366 (1979), 599623.Google Scholar
Bowyer, W. and Bader, M. G., On the re-inforcement of thermoplastics by imperfectly aligned discontinuous fibres. J. Mater. Sci. 7 (1972), 13151321.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bader, M. G. and Collins, J. F. The effect of fibre-interface and processing variables on the mechanical properties glass-fibre filled nylon 6. Fibre Sci. Technol. 18 (1983), 217231.Google Scholar
Thomason, J. L., Structure–property relationships in glass reinforced polyamide: 1) The effects of fibre content. Polym. Compos. 27 (2006), 552562.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bader, M. G., University of Surrey, UCLA Short Course Notes, vol.11 (1984).Google Scholar
Curtis, P. T., The strength of fibre filled thermoplastics, PhD Thesis, University of Surrey, 1976.Google Scholar
Allan, P. S. and Bevis, M. J., Multiple live-feed injection molding. Plast. Rubber Proc. Appl. 7 (1987), 310.Google Scholar
Allan, P. S. and Bevis, M. J., Injection moulding-fibre management by shear controlled orientation. In Handbook of polymer-fibre composites, ed. Jones, F. R. (Harlow: Longman, 1994), pp. 171176.Google Scholar
Krenschel, H., Fibre reinforcement; theoretical and practical investigations of the elasticity and strength of fibre-reinforced materials, Dissertation, Technical University of Denmark (1964).Google Scholar
Peters, P. W. M. and Anderson, S. I., The influence of matrix fracture strain and interface strength on cross-ply cracking in CFRP in the temperature range of –100°C to +100°C. J. Compos. Mater. 23 (1989), 944960.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Verpoest, I., Interfacial bond strength determination: critique. In Handbook of polymer-fibre composites, ed. Jones, F. R. (Harlow. Longman, 1994), pp. 230235.Google Scholar
Jones, F. R., Interfacial analysis in fiber composite materials. In Wiley encyclopaedia of composites, ed. Nicolais, L. and Borzacchiello, A., 2nd ed. (Chichester: Wiley, 2012).Google Scholar
Tripathi, D. and Jones, F. R., Single filament fragmentation test for assessing adhesion in fibre reinforced composites: a review. J. Mater. Sci. 33 (1998), 116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tripathi, D., Chen, F., and Jones, F. R., A comprehensive model to predict the stress fields in a single fibre composite. J. Compos. Mater. 30 (1996), 15141538.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nairn, J. A., A variational mechanics analysis of the stresses around breaks in embedded fibersMech. Mater. 12 (1992), 131154.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, A. C., Hayes, S. A., and Jones, F. R., Data reduction methodologies for single fibre fragmentation test: role of the interface and interphase. Composites A 40 (2009), 449454.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wu, W., Jacobs, E., Verpoest, I., and Varna, J., Variational approach to the stress-transfer problem through partially debonded interfaces in a three-phase composite. Comp. Sci. Technol. 59 (1999), 519535.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hampe, A., Kalinka, G., Meretz, S., and Schulz, E., An advanced equipment for single-fibre pull-out test designed to monitor the fracture process. Composites 26 (1995), 4046CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pisanova, E., Zhandarov, S., Mäder, E., Ahmad, I., and Young, R. J., Three techniques of interfacial bond strength estimation from direct observation of crack initiation and propagation in polymer–fibre systems. Composites A 32 (2001), 435443.Google Scholar
Pitkethly, M. and Doble, J. B., Characterizing the fibre/matrix interface of carbon fibre-reinforced composites using a single fibre pull-out test. Composites 21 (1990), 389395.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greszczuk, L. B.. Theoretical studies of the mechanics of the fiber–matrix interface in composites. In Interfaces in composites (Philadelphia, PA: American Society for Testing and Materials, 1969) pp. 4258.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Penn, L. S., Interfacial bond strength determination: microdebond pull-out test. In Handbook of polymer-fibre composites, ed. Jones, F. R. (Harlow. Longman, 1994), pp. 238242.Google Scholar
Penn, L. S. and Chou, C., Identification of factors affecting single filament pull-out test results. J. Compos. Technol. Res. 12 (1990), 164171.Google Scholar
Chua, P. S. and Piggott, M. R., The glass fibre-polymer interface: II – work of fracture and shear stresses. Comp. Sci. Technol. 22 (1985), 107119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yang, L. and Thomason, J. L., Interface strength in glass fibre–polypropylene measured using the fibre pull-out and microbond methods. Composites A 41 (2010), 10771083.Google Scholar
Hejda, M., Kong, K., Young, R. J., and Eichhorn, S. J., Deformation micromechanics of model glass fibre composites. Comp. Sci. Technol. 68 (2008), 848853.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Montes-Moran, M. A. and Young, R. J., Raman spectroscopy study of HM carbon fibres: effect of plasma treatment on the interfacial properties of single fibre/epoxy composites part I: fibre characterization. Carbon 40 (2002), 845855.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Montes-Moran, M. A. and Young, R. J., Raman spectroscopy study of high-modulus carbon fibres: effect of plasma-treatment on the interfacial properties of single-fibre–epoxy composites part II: characterisation of the fibre–matrix interface. Carbon 40 (2002), 857875.Google Scholar
Zhao, F. M., Martin, R. D. S., Hayes, S. A., et al., Photoelastic analysis of matrix stresses around a high modulus sapphire fibre by means of phase-stepping automated polariscope. Composites A. 36 (2005), 229244CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhao, F. M., Hayes, S. A., Patterson, E. A., and Jones, F. R., Phase stepping photoelasticity for the measurement of interfacial shear stress in single fibre composites. Composites A 37 (2006), 216221.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ogihara, S. and Koyanagi, J., Investigation of combined stress state failure criterion for glass fiber/epoxy interface by the cruciform specimen method. Comp. Sci. Technol. 70 (2010), 143150.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koyanagia, J., Ogiharab, S., Nakatanic, H., Okabed, T., and Yoneyamae, S., Mechanical properties of fiber/matrix interface in polymer matrix composites. Adv. Compos. Mater. 23 (2014), 551570.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×