Anatomy

Section 2: - Anatomy

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 12 August 2022

Edited by

Michael M. Halassa

Show author details

Michael M. Halassa: Affiliation:
Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Book contents

Get access

Summary

A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'

Type: Chapter
Information: The Thalamus , pp. 27 - 90

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108674287 [Opens in a new window]

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Print publication year: 2022

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Asanuma, C., Thach, W.T., & Jones, E.G. (1983) Anatomical evidence for segregated focal groupings of efferent cells and their terminal ramifications in the cerebellothalamic pathway of the monkey. Brain Res. Rev., 5, 267–297.CrossRef Google Scholar

Barsy, B., Kocsis, K., Magyar, A., Babiczky, Á., Szabó, M., Veres, J.M., Hillier, D., Ulbert, I., Yizhar, O., & Mátyás, F. (2020) Associative and plastic thalamic signaling to the lateral amygdala controls fear behavior. Nat. Neurosci., 23, 625–637.CrossRef Google Scholar

Barthó, P., Freund, T.F., & Acsády, L. (2002) Selective GABAergic innervation of thalamic nuclei from zona incerta. Eur. J. Neurosci., 16, 999–1014.Google Scholar

Barthó, P., Slézia, A., Varga, V., Bokor, H., Pinault, D., Buzsáki, G., & Acsády, L. (2007) Cortical control of zona incerta. J. Neurosci., 27, 1670–1681.Google Scholar

Bender, D.B. (1981) Retinotopic organization of macaque pulvinar. J. Neurophysiol., 46, 672–693.Google Scholar

Bennett, C., Gale, S.D., Garrett, M.E., Newton, M.L., Callaway, E.M., Murphy, G.J., & Olsen, S.R. (2019) Higher-order thalamic circuits channel parallel streams of visual information in mice. Neuron, 102, 477–492.e5.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Bickford, M.E. (2019) Synaptic organization of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus. Eur. J. Neurosci., 49, 938–947.CrossRef Google Scholar

Bickford, M.E., Zhou, N., Krahe, T.E., Govindaiah, G., & Guido, W. (2015) Retinal and tectal “driver-like” inputs converge in the shell of the mouse dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus. J. Neurosci., 35, 10523–10534.Google Scholar

Blot, A., Roth, M., Gasler, I., Javadzadeh, M., Imhof, F., & Hofer, S. (2020) Visual intracortical and transthalamic pathways carry distinct information to cortical areas. bioRxiv, 2020.07.06.189902.CrossRef Google Scholar

Blot, A., Roth, M.M., Gasler, I., Javadzadeh, M., Imhof, F., & Hofer, S.B. (2021) Visual intracortical and transthalamic pathways carry distinct information to cortical areas. Neuron, 109, 1996–2008.Google Scholar

Bodor, Á.L., Giber, K., Rovó, Z., Ulbert, I., & Acsády, L. (2008) Structural correlates of efficient GABAergic transmission in the basal ganglia-thalamus pathway. J. Neurosci., 28, 3090–3102.Google Scholar

Bokor, H., Acsády, L., & Deschênes, M. (2008) Vibrissal responses of thalamic cells that project to the septal columns of the barrel cortex and to the second somatosensory area. J. Neurosci., 28, 5169–5177.Google Scholar

Bokor, H., Frère, S.G.A., Eyre, M.D., Slézia, A., Ulbert, I., Lüthi, A., & Acsády, L. (2005) Selective GABAergic control of higher-order thalamic relays. Neuron, 45, 929–940.Google Scholar

Bokor, H., Hádinger, N., & Acsády, L. (2016) Efficient cortical control of basal ganglia recipient motor thalamus. Soc. Neurosci. Abs., 720.18/SS16.Google Scholar

Bourassa, J., & Desche ̂nes, M. (1995) Corticothalamic projections from the primary visual cortex in rats: a single fiber study using biocytin as an anterograde tracer. Neuroscience, 66, 253–263.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Bourassa, J., Pinault, D., & Deschênes, M. (1995) Corticothalamic projections from the cortical barrel field to the somatosensory thalamus in rats: a single‐fibre study using biocytin as an anterograde tracer. Eur. J. Neurosci., 7, 19–30.Google Scholar

Bubb, E.J., Kinnavane, L., & Aggleton, J.P. (2017) Hippocampal–diencephalic–cingulate networks for memory and emotion: an anatomical guide. Brain Neurosci. Adv., 1, 239821281772344.Google Scholar

Budisantoso, T., Matsui, K., Kamasawa, N., Fukazawa, Y., & Shigemoto, R. (2012) Mechanisms underlying signal filtering at a multisynapse contact. J. Neurosci., 32, 2357–2376.Google Scholar

Castro-Alamancos, M.A. (2002a) Different temporal processing of sensory inputs in the rat thalamus during quiescent and information processing states in vivo. J. Physiol., 539, 567–578.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Castro-Alamancos, M.A. (2002b) Properties of primary sensory (lemniscal) synapses in the ventrobasal thalamus and the relay of high-frequency sensory inputs. J. Neurophysiol., 87, 946–953.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Cathala, L., Holderith, N.B., Nusser, Z., DiGregorio, D.A., & Cull-Candy, S.G. (2005) Changes in synaptic structure underlie the developmental speeding of AMPA receptor-mediated EPSCs. Nat. Neurosci., 8, 1310–1318.Google Scholar

Chen, X., Aslam, M., Gollisch, T., Allen, K., & Von Engelhardt, J. (2018) CKAMP44 modulates integration of visual inputs in the lateral geniculate nucleus. Nat. Commun., 9, 261.Google Scholar

Clemente-Perez, A., Makinson, S.R., Higashikubo, B., Brovarney, S., Cho, F.S., Urry, A., Holden, S.S., Wimer, M., Dávid, C., Fenno, L.E., Acsády, L., Deisseroth, K., & Paz, J.T. (2017) Distinct thalamic reticular cell types differentially modulate normal and pathological cortical rhythms. Cell Rep., 19, 2130–2142.Google Scholar

Colonnier, M., & Guillery, R.W. (1964) Synaptic organization in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the monkey. Zeitschrift für Zellforsch. und Mikroskopische Anat., 62, 333–355.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Constantinople, C.M., & Bruno, R.M. (2011) Effects and mechanisms of wakefulness on local cortical networks. Neuron, 69, 1061–1068.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Cooper, H.M., Herbin, M., & Nevo, E. (1993) Visual system of a naturally microphthalmic mammal: The blind mole rat, Spalax ehrenbergi. J. Comp. Neurol., 328, 313–350.Google Scholar

De Zeeuw, C.I., Lisberger, S.G., & Raymond, J.L. (2021) Diversity and dynamism in the cerebellum. Nat. Neurosci., 24, 160–167.Google Scholar

Dekker, J.J., & Kuypers, H.G.J.M. (1976) Morphology of rat’s AV thalamic nucleus in light and electron microscopy. Brain Res., 117, 387–398.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Deschênes, M., Bourassa, J., & Pinault, D. (1994) Corticothalamic projections from layer V cells in rat are collaterals of long-range corticofugal axons. Brain Res., 664, 215–219.CrossRef Google Scholar

Deschênes, M., Timofeeva, E., & Lavallée, P. (2003) The relay of high-frequency sensory signals in the whisker-to-barreloid pathway. J. Neurosci., 23, 6778–6787.Google Scholar

Deschênes, M., Veinante, P., & Zhang, Z.W. (1998) The organization of corticothalamic projections: reciprocity versus parity. Brain Res. Brain Res. Rev., 28, 286–308.Google Scholar

Diamond, M.E., Armstrong‐James, M., Budway, M.J., & Ebner, F.F. (1992) Somatic sensory responses in the rostral sector of the posterior group (POm) and in the ventral posterior medial nucleus (VPM) of the rat thalamus: dependence on the barrel field cortex. J. Comp. Neurol., 319, 66–84.Google Scholar

Diamond, M.E., Armstrong‐James, M., & Ebner, F.F. (1992) Somatic sensory responses in the rostral sector of the posterior group (POm) and in the ventral posterior medial nucleus (VPM) of the rat thalamus. J. Comp. Neurol., 318, 462–476.Google Scholar

Economo, M.N., Viswanathan, S., Tasic, B., Bas, E., Winnubst, J., Menon, V., Graybuck, L.T., Nguyen, T.N., Smith, K.A., Yao, Z., Wang, L., Gerfen, C.R., Chandrashekar, J., Zeng, H., Looger, L.L., & Svoboda, K. (2018) Distinct descending motor cortex pathways and their roles in movement. Nature, 563, 79–84.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Erişir, A., Van Horn, S.C., & Sherman, S.M. (1997) Relative numbers of cortical and brainstem inputs to the lateral geniculate nucleus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 94, 1517–1520.Google Scholar

Friedlander, M.J., Lin, C.S., Stanford, L.R., & Sherman, S.M. (1981) Morphology of functionally identified neurons in lateral geniculate nucleus of the cat. J. Neurophysiol., 46, 80–129.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Gao, Z., Davis, C., Thomas, A.M., Economo, M.N., Abrego, A.M., Svoboda, K., De Zeeuw, C.I., & Li, N. (2018) A cortico-cerebellar loop for motor planning. Nature, 563, 113–116.Google Scholar

Giber, K., Diana, M.A., M Plattner, V., Dugué, G.P., Bokor, H., Rousseau, C. V., Maglóczky, Z., Havas, L., Hangya, B., Wildner, H., Zeilhofer, H.U., Dieudonné, S., & Acsády, L. (2015) A subcortical inhibitory signal for behavioral arrest in the thalamus. Nat. Neurosci., 18, 562–568.Google Scholar

Goldberg, J.H., Farries, M.A., & Fee, M.S. (2013) Basal ganglia output to the thalamus: still a paradox. Trends Neurosci., 36, 695–705.Google Scholar

Goodridge, J.P. & Taube, J.S. (1997) Interaction between the postsubiculum and anterior thalamus in the generation of head direction cell activity. J. Neurosci., 17, 9315–9330.Google Scholar

Groh, A., Bokor, H., Mease, R.A., Plattner, V.M., Hangya, B., Stroh, A., Deschênes, M., & Acsády, L. (2014) Convergence of cortical and sensory driver inputs on single thalamocortical cells. Cereb. Cortex, 24, 3167–3179.Google Scholar

Groh, A., de Kock, C.P.J., Wimmer, V.C., Sakmann, B., & Kuner, T. (2008) Driver or coincidence detector: modal switch of a corticothalamic giant synapse controlled by spontaneous activity and short-term depression. J. Neurosci., 28, 9652–9663.Google Scholar

Guillery, R.W. (1956) Degeneration in the post-commissural fornix and the mamillary peduncle of the ratNo Title. J. Anat., 90, 350–370.Google Scholar

Guillery, R.W. & Sherman, S.M. (2002) Thalamic relay functions and their role in corticocortical communication: generalizations from the visual system. Neuron, 33, 163–175.Google Scholar

Guillery, R.W. & Sherman, S.M. (2011) Branched thalamic afferents: what are the messages that they relay to the cortex? Brain Res. Rev., 66, 205–219.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Guo, Z. V., Inagaki, H.K., Daie, K., Druckmann, S., Gerfen, C.R., & Svoboda, K. (2017) Maintenance of persistent activity in a frontal thalamocortical loop. Nature, 545, 181–186.Google Scholar

Hádinger, N., Bősz, E., Tóth, B., Vantomme, G., Lüthi, A., & Acsády, L. (2022) Region selective cortical control of the thalamic reticular nucleus. BioRxiv, 2022.01.17.476335. https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.01.17.476335 Google Scholar

Halassa, M.M., & Acsády, L. (2016) Thalamic inhibition: diverse sources, diverse scales. Trends Neurosci., 39, 680–693.Google Scholar

Halassa, M.M., & Kastner, S. (2017) Thalamic functions in distributed cognitive control. Nat. Neurosci., 20, 1669–1679.Google Scholar

Hamos, J.E., VanHorn, S.C., Raczkowski, D., & Sherman, S.M. (1987) Synaptic circuits involving an individual retinogeniculate axon in the cat. J. Comp. Neurol., 259, 165–192.CrossRef Google Scholar

Harding, B.N., & Powell, T.P. (1977) An electron microscopic study of the centre-median and ventrolateral nuclei of the thalamus in the monkey. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B. Biol. Sci., 279, 357–412.Google Scholar

Harris, J.A., Mihalas, S., Hirokawa, K.E., Whitesell, J.D., Choi, H., Bernard, A., Bohn, P., Caldejon, S., Casal, L., Cho, A., Feiner, A., Feng, D., Gaudreault, N., Gerfen, C.R., Graddis, N., Groblewski, P.A., Henry, A.M., Ho, A., Howard, R., Knox, J.E., Kuan, L., Kuang, X., Lecoq, J., Lesnar, P., Li, Y., Luviano, J., McConoughey, S., Mortrud, M.T., Naeemi, M., Ng, L., Oh, S.W., Ouellette, B., Shen, E., Sorensen, S.A., Wakeman, W., Wang, Q., Wang, Y., Williford, A., Phillips, J.W., Jones, A.R., Koch, C., & Zeng, H. (2019) Hierarchical organization of cortical and thalamic connectivity. Nature, 575, 195–202.Google Scholar

Hirsch, J.A. (2003) Synaptic physiology and receptive field structure in the early visual pathway of the cat. In Cerebral Cortex. Oxford University Press, pp. 63–69.Google Scholar

Hoerder-Suabedissen, A., Hayashi, S., Upton, L., Nolan, Z., Casas-Torremocha, D., Grant, E., Viswanathan, S., Kanold, P.O., Clascá, F., Kim, Y., & Molnár, Z. (2018) Subset of cortical layer 6b neurons selectively innervates higher order thalamic nuclei in mice. Cereb. Cortex, 28, 1882–1897.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Hoogland, P. V, Wouterlood, F.G., Welker, E., & Van der Loos, H. (1991) Ultrastructure of giant and small thalamic terminals of cortical origin: a study of the projections from the barrel cortex in mice using Phaseolus vulgaris leuco-agglutinin (PHA-L). Exp. Brain Res., 87, 159–172.Google Scholar

Ilinsky, I.A., Jouandet, M.L., & Goldman-Rakic, P.S. (1985) Organization of the nigrothalamocortical system in the rhesus monkey. J. Comp. Neurol., 236, 315–330.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Ilinsky, I.A., Yi, H., & Kultas-Ilinsky, K. (1997) Mode of termination of pallidal afferents to the thalamus: a light and electron microscopic study with anterograde tracers and immunocytochemistry in Macaca mulatta. J. Comp. Neurol., 386, 601–612.3.0.CO;2-6>CrossRef Google Scholar

Ito, H.T., Moser, E.I., & Moser, M.B. (2018) Supramammillary nucleus modulates spike-time coordination in the prefrontal-thalamo-hippocampal circuit during navigation. Neuron, 99, 576–587.e5.Google Scholar

Ito, H.T., Zhang, S.J., Witter, M.P., Moser, E.I., & Moser, M.B. (2015) A prefrontal-thalamo-hippocampal circuit for goal-directed spatial navigation. Nature, 522, 50–55.Google Scholar

Jacobson, S., & Trojanowski, J.Q. (1975) Corticothalamic neurons and thalamocortical terminal fields: An investigation in rat using horseradish peroxidase and autoradiography. Brain Res., 85, 385–401.Google Scholar

Jones, E.G. (2007a) Descriptions of thalamus in representative mammals. In The Thalamus, 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press, pp. 43–87.Google Scholar

Jones, E.G. (2007b) Principles of thalamic organization. In The Thalamus, 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press, pp. 87–171.Google Scholar

Jones, E.G. (2007c) Thalamic neurons, synaptic organization, and functional properties. In The Thalamus, 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press, pp. 171–318.Google Scholar

Jones, E.G., & Rockel, A.J. (1971) The synaptic organization in the medial geniculate body of afferent fibres ascending from the inferior colliculus. Zeitschrift für Zellforsch. und Mikroskopische Anat., 113, 44–66.Google Scholar

Kakei, S., Na, J., & Shinoda, Y. (2001) Thalamic terminal morphology and distribution of single corticothalamic axons originating from layers 5 and 6 of the cat motor cortex. J. Comp. Neurol., 437, 170–185.Google Scholar

Kenigfest, N.B., Repérant, J., Rio, J. ‐P, Belekhova, M.G., Tumanova, N.L., Ward, R., Vesselkin, N.P., Herbin, M., Chkeidze, D.D., & Ozirskaya, E. V. (1995) Fine structure of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the turtle, Emys orbicularis: A Golgi, combined hrp tracing and GABA immunocytochemical study. J. Comp. Neurol., 356, 595–614.Google Scholar

Kirouac, G.J. (2015) Placing the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus within the brain circuits that control behavior. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev., 56, 315–329.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Komura, Y., Nikkuni, A., Hirashima, N., Uetake, T., & Miyamoto, A. (2013) Responses of pulvinar neurons reflect a subject’s confidence in visual categorization. Nat. Neurosci., 16, 749–755.Google Scholar

Krettek, J.E. & Price, J.L. (1977) Projections from the amygdaloid complex to the cerebral cortex and thalamus in the rat and cat. J. Comp. Neurol., 172, 687–722.Google Scholar

Kuroda, M., & Price, J.L. (1991) Synaptic organization of projections from basal forebrain structures to the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus of the rat. J. Comp. Neurol., 303, 513–533.Google Scholar

Lavallée, P., Urbain, N., Dufresne, C., Bokor, H., Acsády, L., & Deschênes, M. (2005) Feedforward inhibitory control of sensory information in higher-order thalamic nuclei. J. Neurosci., 25, 7489–7498.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Li, Y., Lopez-Huerta, V.G., Adiconis, X., Levandowski, K., Choi, S., Simmons, S.K., Arias-Garcia, M.A., Guo, B., Yao, A.Y., Blosser, T.R., Wimmer, R.D., Aida, T., Atamian, A., Naik, T., Sun, X., Bi, D., Malhotra, D., Hession, C.C., Shema, R., Gomes, M., Li, T., Hwang, E., Krol, A., Kowalczyk, M., Peça, J., Pan, G., Halassa, M.M., Levin, J.Z., Fu, Z., & Feng, G. (2020) Distinct subnetworks of the thalamic reticular nucleus. Nature, 583, 819–824.Google Scholar

Liu, X.B., Honda, C.N., & Jones, E.G. (1995) Distribution of four types of synapse on physiologically identified relay neurons in the ventral posterior thalamic nucleus of the cat. J. Comp. Neurol., 352, 69–91.Google Scholar

Lovett-Barron, M., Kaifosh, P., Kheirbek, M.A., Danielson, N., Zaremba, J.D., Reardon, T.R., Turi, G.F., Hen, R., Zemelman, B. V., & Losonczy, A. (2014) Dendritic inhibition in the hippocampus supports fear learning. Science, 343, 857–863.Google Scholar

Lund, J.S., Lund, R.D., Hendrickson, A.E., Bunt, A.H., & Fuchs, A.F. (1975) The origin of efferent pathways from the primary visual cortex, area 17, of the macaque monkey as shown by retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. J. Comp. Neurol., 164, 287–303.Google Scholar

Maendly, R., Ruegg, D.G., Wiesendanger, M., Lagowska, J., & Hess, B. (1981) Thalamic relay for group I muscle afferents of forelimb nerves in the monkey. J. Neurophysiol., 46, 901–917.CrossRef Google Scholar

Maglóczky, Z., Acsády, L., & Freund, T.F. (1994) Principal cells are the postsynaptic targets of supramammillary afferents in the hippocampus of the rat. Hippocampus, 4, 322–334.Google Scholar

Martinez-Garcia, R.I., Voelcker, B., Zaltsman, J.B., Patrick, S.L., Stevens, T.R., Connors, B.W., & Cruikshank, S.J. (2020) Two dynamically distinct circuits drive inhibition in the sensory thalamus. Nature, 583, 813–818.Google Scholar

Mason, A., Ilinsky, I.A., Beck, S., & Kultas-Ilinsky, K. (1996) Reevaluation of synaptic relationships of cerebellar terminals in the ventral lateral nucleus of the rhesus monkey thalamus based on serial section analysis and three-dimensional reconstruction. Exp. Brain Res., 109, 219–239.Google Scholar

Mátyás, F., Komlósi, G., Babiczky, Á., Kocsis, K., Barthó, P., Barsy, B., Dávid, C., Kanti, V., Porrero, C., Magyar, A., Szűcs, I., Clascá, F., & Acsády, L. (2018) A highly collateralized thalamic cell type with arousal-predicting activity serves as a key hub for graded state transitions in the forebrain. Nat. Neurosci., 21, 1551–1562.Google Scholar

Mátyás, F., Lee, J., Shin, H.-S., & Acsády, L. (2014) The fear circuit of the mouse forebrain: connections between the mediodorsal thalamus, frontal cortices and basolateral amygdala. Eur. J. Neurosci., 39, 1810–1823.Google Scholar

Mátyás, F., Sreenivasan, V., Marbach, F., Wacongne, C., Barsy, B., Mateo, C., Aronoff, R., & Petersen, C.C.H. (2010) Motor control by sensory cortex. Science, 330, 1240–1243.Google Scholar

Mikula, S., Manger, P.R., & Jones, E.G. (2008) The thalamus of the monotremes: Cyto- and myeloarchitecture and chemical neuroanatomy. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci., 363, 2415–2440.Google Scholar

Moore, B., Li, K., Kaas, J.H., Liao, C.C., Boal, A.M., Mavity-Hudson, J., & Casagrande, V. (2019) Cortical projections to the two retinotopic maps of primate pulvinar are distinct. J. Comp. Neurol., 527, 577–588.Google Scholar

Moore, R.Y., Weis, R., & Moga, M.M. (2000) Efferent projections of the intergeniculate leaflet and the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus in the rat. J. Comp. Neurol., 420, 398–418.Google Scholar

Morgan, J.L., Berger, D.R., Wetzel, A.W., & Lichtman, J.W. (2016) The Fuzzy logic of network connectivity in mouse visual thalamus. Cell, 165, 192–206.Google Scholar

Negyessy, L., Hamori, J., & Bentivoglio, M. (1998) Contralateral cortical projection to the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus: origin and synaptic organization in the rat. Neuroscience, 84, 741–753.Google Scholar

Ojima, H. (1994) Terminal morphology and distribution of corticothalamic fibers originating from layers 5 and 6 of cat primary auditory cortex. Cereb. Cortex, 4, 646–663.Google Scholar

Otis, J.M., Zhu, M.H., Namboodiri, V.M.K., Cook, C.A., Kosyk, O., Matan, A.M., Ying, R., Hashikawa, Y., Hashikawa, K., Trujillo-Pisanty, I., Guo, J., Ung, R.L., Rodriguez-Romaguera, J., Anton, E.S., & Stuber, G.D. (2019) Paraventricular thalamus projection neurons integrate cortical and hypothalamic signals for cue-reward processing. Neuron, 103, 423–431.e4.Google Scholar

Pare, D., Dossi, R.C., & Steriade, M. (1991) Three types of inhibitory postsynaptic potentials generated by interneurons in the anterior thalamic complex of cat. J. Neurophysiol., 66, 1190–1204.Google Scholar

Pelzer, P., Horstmann, H., & Kuner, T. (2017) Ultrastructural and functional properties of a giant synapse driving the piriform cortex to mediodorsal thalamus projection. Front. Synaptic Neurosci., 9, 3.Google Scholar

Penzo, M.A., & Gao, C. (2021) The paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus: an integrative node underlying homeostatic behavior. Trends Neurosci., 44, 538–549.Google Scholar

Percheron, G., Franqois, C., Talbi, B., Yelnik, J., & Ffnelon, G. (1996) The primate motor thalamus. Brain, 22, 93–181.Google Scholar

Peyrache, A., Lacroix, M.M., Petersen, P.C., & Buzsáki, G. (2015) Internally organized mechanisms of the head direction sense. Nat. Neurosci., 18, 569–575.Google Scholar

Pinault, D. (2004) The thalamic reticular nucleus: structure, function and concept. Brain Res. Brain Res. Rev., 46, 1–31.Google Scholar

Pinault, D., & Deschênes, M. (1998) Projection and innervation patterns of individual thalamic reticular axons in the thalamus of the adult rat: a three-dimensional, graphic, and morphometric analysis. J. Comp. Neurol., 391, 180–203.Google Scholar

Purushothaman, G., Marion, R., Li, K., & Casagrande, V.A. (2012) Gating and control of primary visual cortex by pulvinar. Nat. Neurosci., 15, 905–912.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Ralston, H.J. (1969) The synaptic organization of lemniscal projections to the ventrobasal thalamus of the cat. Brain Res., 14, 99–115.Google Scholar

Reichova, I., & Sherman, S.M. (2004) Somatosensory corticothalamic projections: distinguishing drivers from modulators. J. Neurophysiol., 92, 2185–2197.Google Scholar

Rikhye, R. V., Wimmer, R.D., & Halassa, M.M. (2018) Toward an integrative theory of thalamic function. Annu. Rev. Neurosci., 41, 163–183.Google Scholar

Rinvik, E., & Grofová, I. (1974a) Cerebellar projections to the nuclei ventralis lateralis and ventralis anterior thalami – Experimental electron microscopical and light microscopical studies in the cat. Anat. Embryol. (Berl)., 146, 95–111.Google Scholar

Rinvik, E., & Grofová, I. (1974b) Light and electron microscopical studies of the normal nuclei ventralis lateralis and ventralis anterior thalami in the cat. Anat. Embryol. (Berl)., 146, 57–93.Google Scholar

Rollenhagen, A., & Lübke, J.H.R. (2006) The morphology of excitatory central synapses: From structure to function. Cell Tissue Res., 326, 221–237.Google Scholar

Rompani, S.B., Müllner, F.E., Wanner, A., Zhang, C., Roth, C.N., Yonehara, K., & Roska, B. (2017) Different modes of visual integration in the lateral geniculate nucleus revealed by single-cell-initiated transsynaptic tracing. Neuron, 93, 767–776.e6.Google Scholar

Rouiller, E.M., & Welker, E. (2000) A comparative analysis of the morphology of corticothalamic projections in mammals. Brain Res. Bull., 53, 727–741.Google Scholar

Rovó, Z., Ulbert, I., & Acsády, L. (2012) Drivers of the primate thalamus. J. Neurosci., 32, 17894–17908.Google Scholar

Schmitt, L.I., Wimmer, R.D., Nakajima, M., Happ, M., Mofakham, S., & Halassa, M.M. (2017) Thalamic amplification of cortical connectivity sustains attentional control. Nature, 545, 219–223.Google Scholar

Schwartz, M.L., Dekker, J.J., & Goldman‐Rakic, P.S. (1991) Dual mode of corticothalamic synaptic termination in the mediodorsal nucleus of the rhesus monkey. J. Comp. Neurol., 309, 289–304.Google Scholar

Sherman, S.M., & Guillery, R.W. (1996) Functional organization of thalamocortical relays. J. Neurophysiol., 76, 1367–1395.Google Scholar

Sherman, S.M., & Guillery, R.W. (1998) On the actions that one nerve cell can have on another: distinguishing “drivers” from “modulators.” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 95, 7121–7126.Google Scholar

Sherman, S.M., & Guillery, R.W. (2005) The afferent axons to the thalamus: their structure and connections. In Exploring the Thalamus and Its Role in Cortical Functions. MIT Press, pp. 77–137.Google Scholar

Sirota, M.G., Swadlow, H.A., & Beloozerova, I.N. (2005) Three channels of corticothalamic communication during locomotion. J. Neurosci., 25, 5915–5925.Google Scholar

Steriade, M., & Glenn, L.L. (1982) Neocortical and caudate projections of intralaminar thalamic neurons and their synaptic excitation from midbrain reticular core. J. Neurophysiol., 48, 352–371.Google Scholar

Steriade, M., Jones, E.G., & McCormick, D.A. (1997a) Diffuse regulatory system of the thalamus. In Thalamus. Elsevier, pp. 269–339.Google Scholar

Steriade, M., Jones, E.G., & McCormick, D.A. (1997b) The relay function of the thalamus during brain activation. In Thalamus. Elsevier, pp. 393–533.Google Scholar

Sumser, A., Mease, R.A., Sakmann, B., & Groh, A. (2017) Organization and somatotopy of corticothalamic projections from L5B in mouse barrel cortex. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 114, 8853–8858.Google Scholar

Suryanarayana, S.M., Pérez-Fernández, J., Robertson, B., & Grillner, S. (2020) The evolutionary origin of visual and somatosensory representation in the vertebrate pallium. Nat. Ecol. Evol., 4, 639–651.Google Scholar

Suryanarayana, S.M., Robertson, B., Wallén, P., & Grillner, S. (2017) The lamprey Pallium provides a blueprint of the mammalian layered cortex. Curr. Biol., 27, 3264–3277.e5.Google Scholar

Szentágothai, J., Hámori, J., & Tömböl, T. (1966) Degeneration and electron microscope analysis of the synaptic glomeruli in the lateral geniculate body. Exp. Brain Res., 2, 283–301.Google Scholar

Telgkamp, P., Padgett, D.E., Ledoux, V.A., Woolley, C.S., & Raman, I.M. (2004) Maintenance of high-frequency transmission at Purkinje to cerebellar nuclear synapses by spillover from boutons with multiple release sites. Neuron, 41, 113–126.Google Scholar

Turner, J.P., & Salt, T.E. (1998) Characterization of sensory and corticothalamic excitatory inputs to rat thalamocortical neurones in vitro. J. Physiol., 510, 829–843.Google Scholar

Urbain, N., & Deschênes, M. (2007a) A new thalamic pathway of vibrissal information modulated by the motor cortex. J. Neurosci., 27, 12407–12412.Google Scholar

Urbain, N., & Deschênes, M. (2007b) Motor cortex gates vibrissal responses in a thalamocortical projection pathway. Neuron, 56, 714–725.Google Scholar

Usrey, W.M., Reppas, J.B., & Reid, R.C. (1999) Specificity and strength of retinogeniculate connections. J. Neurophysiol., 82, 3527–3540.Google Scholar

Van der Werf, Y.D., Witter, M.P., & Groenewegen, H.J. (2002) The intralaminar and midline nuclei of the thalamus. Anatomical and functional evidence for participation in processes of arousal and awareness. Brain Res. Brain Res. Rev., 39, 107–140.Google Scholar

Varga, V., Losonczy, A., Zemelman, B. V, Borhegyi, Z., Nyiri, G., Domonkos, A., Hangya, B., Holderith, N., Magee, J.C., & Freund, T.F. (2009) Fast synaptic subcortical control of hippocampal circuits. Science, 326, 449–453.Google Scholar

Veinante, P., & Deschênes, M. (2003) Single-cell study of motor cortex projections to the barrel field in rats. J. Comp. Neurol., 464, 98–103.Google Scholar

Vicq d’Azyr, F. (1786) Traite d’Anatomie et de Physiologie. Didot.Google Scholar

Vidnyánszky, Z., Gorcs, T., Negyessy, L., Borostyankoi, Z., Knopfel, T., & Hamori, J. (1996) Immunocytochemical visualization of the mGluR1a metabotropic glutamate receptor at synapses of corticothalamic terminals originating from area 17 of the rat. Eur. J. Neurosci., 8, 1061–1071.Google Scholar

Vizi, E.S., & Lábos, E. (1991) Non-synaptic interactions at presynaptic level. Prog. Neurobiol., 37, 145–163.Google Scholar

Wanaverbecq, N., Bodor, Á.L., Bokor, H., Slézia, A., Lüthi, A., & Acsády, L. (2008) Contrasting the functional properties of GABAergic axon terminals with single and multiple synapses in the thalamus. J. Neurosci., 28, 11848–11861.Google Scholar

Xu, W., & Südhof, T.C. (2013) A neural circuit for memory specificity and generalization. Science, 339, 1290–1295.Google Scholar

Yamawaki, N., & Shepherd, G.M.G. (2015) Synaptic circuit organization of motor corticothalamic neurons. J. Neurosci., 35, 2293–2307.Google Scholar

Yu, C., Derdikman, D., Haidarliu, S., & Ahissar, E. (2006) Parallel thalamic pathways for whisking and touch signals in the rat. PLoS Biol., 4,e124.Google Scholar

Zhou, H., Schafer, R.J., & Desimone, R. (2016) Pulvinar-cortex interactions in vision and attention. Neuron, 89, 209–220.Google Scholar

References

Adams, NC, Lozsádi, DA, Guillery, RW. (1997) Complexities in the thalamocortical and corticothalamic pathways. Eur J Neurosci. 9:204–209.Google Scholar

Aguilar, J, Morales-Botello, ML, Foffani, G. (2008) Tactile responses of hindpaw, forepaw and whisker neurons in the thalamic ventrobasal complex of anesthetized rats. Eur J Neurosci. 27:378–387.Google Scholar

Arbuthnott, GW, MacLeod, NK, Maxwell, DJ, Wright, AK. (1990) Distribution and synaptic contacts of the cortical terminals arising from neurons in the rat ventromedial thalamic nucleus. Neuroscience. 38:47–60.Google Scholar

Asanuma, C, Andersen, RA, Cowan, WM. (1985) The thalamic relations of the caudal inferior parietal lobule and the lateral prefrontal cortex in monkeys: divergent cortical projections from cell clusters in the medial pulvinar nucleus. J Comp Neurol. 241:357–381. doi: 10.1002/cne.902410309.Google Scholar

Avendaño, C, Stepniewska, I, Rausell, E, Reinoso-Suárez, F. (1990) Segregation and heterogeneity of thalamic cell populations projecting to superficial layers of posterior parietal cortex: a retrograde tracer study in cat and monkey. Neuroscience 39:547–559.Google Scholar

Baimbridge, KG, Celio, MR, Rogers, JH. (1992) Calcium-binding proteins in the nervous system. Trends Neurosci. 15:303–308. doi: 10.1016/0166-2236(92)90081-i.Google Scholar

Barroso-Chinea, P, Castle, M, Aymerich, MS, Pérez-Manso, M, Erro, E, Tuñon, T, Lanciego, JL. (2007) Expression of the mRNAs encoding for the vesicular glutamate transporters 1 and 2 in the rat thalamus. J Comp Neurol. 501:703–715. doi: 10.1002/cne.21265.Google Scholar

Bartlett, EL, Smith, PH. (1999) Anatomic, intrinsic, and synaptic properties of dorsal and ventral division neurons in rat medial geniculate body. J Neurophysiol. 81:1999–2016. doi: 10.1152/jn.1999.81.5.1999.Google Scholar

Bartlett, EL, Smith, PH. (2002) Effects of paired-pulse and repetitive stimulation on neurons in the rat medial geniculate body. Neuroscience. 113:957–974. doi: 10.1016/s0306-4522(02)00240-3.Google Scholar

Beatty, JA, Sylwestrak, EL, Cox, CL. (2009) Two distinct populations of projection neurons in the rat lateral parafascicular thalamic nucleus and their cholinergic responsiveness. Neuroscience. 162:155–173. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.04.043.Google Scholar

Bonnefond, M, Kastner, S, Jensen, O. (2017) Communication between brain areas based on nested oscillations. eNeuro. Mar 27;4(2):ENEURO.0153–16.2017. doi: 10.1523/ENEURO.0153-16.2017.Google Scholar

Boyd, JD, Matsubara, JA. (1996) Laminar and columnar patterns of geniculocortical projections in the cat: relationship to cytochrome oxidase. J Comp Neurol. 365:659–682.Google Scholar

Carey, RG, Fitzpatrick, D, Diamond, IT. (1979a) Thalamic projections to layer I of striate cortex shown by retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. Science. 203:556–559.Google Scholar

Carey, RG, Fitzpatrick, D, Diamond, IT. (1979b) Layer I of striate cortex of Tupaia glis and Galago senegalensis: projections from thalamus and claustrum revealed by retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. J Comp Neurol. 186:393–437.Google Scholar

Carey, RG, Neal, TL. (1986) Reciprocal connections between the claustrum and visual thalamus in the tree shrew (Tupaia glis). Brain Res. 386:155–168.Google Scholar

Casas-Torremocha, D, Porrero, C, Rodriguez-Moreno, J, García-Amado, M, Lübke, JHR, Núñez, Á, Clascá, F. (2019) Posterior thalamic nucleus axon terminals have different structure and functional impact in the motor and somatosensory vibrissal cortices. Brain Struct Funct. 224:1627–1645.Google Scholar

Castro-Alamancos, MA, Connors, BW. (1997) Thalamocortical synapses. Prog Neurobiol. 51(6):581–606. doi: 10.1016/s0301-0082(97)00002-6.Google Scholar

Catalano, SM, Robertson, RT, Killackey, HP. (1996) Individual axon morphology and thalamocortical topography in developing rat somatosensory cortex. J Comp Neurol. 367:36–53. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19960325)367:1<36::AID-CNE4>3.0.CO;2-K.Google Scholar

Clascá, F, Porrero, C, Galazo, M, Rubio-Garrido, P, Evangelio, M. (2016) Anatomy and development of multi-specific thalamocortical axons: implications for cortical dynamics and evolution. In Rockland, KS (ed.), Axons and Brain Architecture. Amsterdam: Elsevier, pp. 69–92. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-801393-9.00004-9.Google Scholar

Clascá, F, Rubio-Garrido, P, Jabaudon, D. (2012). Unveiling the diversity of thalamocortical neuron subtypes. Eur J Neurosci. 35:1524–1532.Google Scholar

Clerici, WJ, McDonald, AJ, Thompson, R, Coleman, JR. (1990) Anatomy of the rat medial geniculate body: II. Dendritic morphology. J Comp Neurol. 297:32–54.Google Scholar

Cruikshank, SJ, Ahmed, OJ, Stevens, TR, Patrick, SL, Gonzalez, AN, Elmaleh, M, Connors, BW. (2012) Thalamic control of layer 1 circuits in prefrontal cortex. J Neurosci. 32:17813–17823. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3231-12.2012.Google Scholar

Crunelli, V, Leresche, N, Parnavelas, JG. (1987) Membrane properties of morphologically identified X and Y cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the cat in vitro. J Physiol. 390:243–256. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1987.sp016697.Google Scholar

Crunelli, V, Lorincz, ML, Connelly, WM, David, F, Hughes, SW, Lambert, RC, Leresche, N, Errington, AC. (2018) Dual function of thalamic low-vigilance state oscillations: Rhythm-regulation and plasticity. Nat Rev Neurosci. 19:107–118. doi: 10.1038/nrn.2017.151Google Scholar

Desai, NV, Varela, C. (2021) Distinct burst properties contribute to the functional diversity of thalamic nuclei. J Comp Neurol. 529(17): 3726–3750.Google Scholar

Deschênes, M, Bourassa, J, Doan, VD, Parent, A. (1996) A single-cell study of the axonal projections arising from the posterior intralaminar thalamic nuclei in the rat. Eur J Neurosci. 8:329–343.Google Scholar

Deschênes, M, Bourassa, J, Parent, A. (1995) Two different types of thalamic fibers innervate the rat striatum. Brain Res. 701:288–292.Google Scholar

Deschênes, M, Bourassa, J, Parent, A. (1996) Striatal and cortical projections of single neurons from the central lateral thalamic nucleus in the rat. Neuroscience. 72:679–687.Google Scholar

Deschênes, M, Veinante, P, Zhang, ZW. (1998) The organization of corticothalamic projections: reciprocity versus parity. Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 28:286–308. doi: 10.1016/s0165-0173(98)00017-4.Google Scholar

Donoghue, JP, Ebner, FF. (1981) The laminar distribution and ultrastructure of fibers projecting from three thalamic nuclei to the somatic sensory-motor cortex of the opossum. J Comp Neurol. 198:389–420. doi: 10.1002/cne.901980303.Google Scholar

Doron, NN, Ledoux, JE. (2000) Cells in the posterior thalamus project to both amygdala and temporal cortex: a quantitative retrograde double-labeling study in the rat. J Comp Neurol. 425:257–274.Google Scholar

Ellender, TJ, Harwood, J, Kosillo, P, Capogna, M, Bolam, JP. (2013) Heterogeneous properties of central lateral and parafascicular thalamic synapses in the striatum. J Physiol. 591:257–272. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.2012.245233.Google Scholar

Erro, M, Lanciego, JL, Gimenez-Amaya, JM. (2002) Re-examination of the thalamostriatal projections in the rat with retrograde tracers. Neurosci Res. 42:45–55. doi: 10.1016/s0168-0102(01)00302-9.Google Scholar

Familtsev, D, Quiggins, R, Masterson, SP, Dang, W, Slusarczyk, AS, Petry, HM, Bickford, ME. (2016) Ultrastructure of geniculocortical synaptic connections in the tree shrew striate cortex. J Comp Neurol. 524:1292–1306. doi: 10.1002/cne.23907.Google Scholar

Ferster, D, LeVay, S. (1978) The axonal arborizations of lateral geniculate neurons in the striate cortex of the cat. J Comp Neurol. 182:923–944. doi: 10.1002/cne.901820510.Google Scholar

Fiebelkorn, IC, Pinsk, MA, Kastner, S. (2019) The mediodorsal pulvinar coordinates the macaque fronto-parietal network during rhythmic spatial attention. Nat Commun. 10:215. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-08151-4.Google Scholar

Fitzpatrick, D, Itoh, K, Diamond, IT. (1983) The laminar organization of the lateral geniculate body and the striate cortex in the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus). J Neurosci. 3:673–702.Google Scholar

Friedlander, MJ, Lin, CS, Stanford, LR, Sherman, SM. (1981) Morphology of functionally identified neurons in lateral geniculate nucleus of the cat. J Neurophysiol. 46:80–129. doi: 10.1152/jn.1981.46.1.80.Google Scholar

Fujiyama, F, Furuta, T, Kaneko, T. (2001) Immunocytochemical localization of candidates for vesicular glutamate transporters in the rat cerebral cortex. J Comp Neurol. 435:379–387. doi: 10.1002/cne.1037.Google Scholar

Furuta, T, Tomioka, R, Taki, K, Nakamura, K, Tamamaki, N, Kaneko, T. (2001) In vivo transduction of central neurons using recombinant Sindbis virus: Golgi-like labeling of dendrites and axons with membrane-targeted fluorescent proteins. J Histochem Cytochem. 49:1497–1508. doi: 10.1177/002215540104901203.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Galazo, MJ, Martinez-Cerdeño, V, Porrero, C, Clascá, F. (2008) Embryonic and postnatal development of the layer I-directed (“matrix”) thalamocortical system in the rat. Cereb Cortex. 18:344–363.Google Scholar

Garel, S, López-Bendito, G. (2014) Inputs from the thalamocortical system on axon pathfinding mechanisms. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 27:143–150. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2014.03.013.Google Scholar

Garraghty, PE, Sur, M. (1990) Morphology of single intracellularly stained axons terminating in area 3b of macaque monkeys. J Comp Neurol. 294:583–593. doi: 10.1002/cne.902940406. PMID: 2341626.Google Scholar

Gheorghita, F, Kraftsik, R, Dubois, R, Welker, E. (2006) Structural basis for map formation in the thalamocortical pathway of the barrelless mouse. J Neurosci. 26:10057–10067. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1263-06.2006.Google Scholar

Graybiel, AM, Berson, DM. (1980) Histochemical identification and afferent connections of subdivisions in the lateralis posterior-pulvinar complex and related thalamic nuclei in the cat. Neuroscience. 5:1175–1238. doi: 10.1016/0306-4522(80)90196-7.Google Scholar

Groh, A, Bokor, H, Mease, RA, Plattner, VM, Hangya, B, Stroh, A, Deschênes, M, Acsády, L. (2014) Convergence of cortical and sensory driver inputs on single thalamocortical cells. Cereb Cortex. 24:3167–3179.Google Scholar

Guido, W, Lu, SM, Sherman, SM. (1992) Relative contributions of burst and tonic responses to the receptive field properties of lateral geniculate neurons in the cat. J Neurophysiol. 68, 2199–2211. doi:10.1152/jn.1992.68.6.2199.Google Scholar

Guido, W, Weyand, T. (1995) Burst responses in thalamic relay cells of the awake behaving cat. J Neurophysiol. 74:1782–1786.Google Scholar

Guillery, RW. (1966) A study of Golgi preparations from the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the adult cat. J Comp Neurol. 128:21–50. doi: 10.1002/cne.901280104.Google Scholar

Guillery, RW. (1995) Anatomical evidence concerning the role of the thalamus in corticocortical communication: a brief review. J Anat. 187:583–592.Google Scholar

Guillery, RW, Sherman, SM. (2002) Thalamic relay functions and their role in corticocortical communication: generalizations from the visual system. Neuron. 33:163–175. doi: 10.1016/s0896-6273(01)00582-7.Google Scholar

Gutierrez, C, Cox, CL, Rinzel, J, Sherman, SM. (2001) Dynamics of low-threshold spike activation in relay neurons of the cat lateral geniculate nucleus. J Neurosci. 21:1022–1032.Google Scholar

Harris, JA, Mihalas, S, Hirokawa, KE, Whitesell, JD, Choi, H, Bernard, A, Bohn, P, Caldejon, S, Casal, L, Cho, A, Feiner, A, Feng, D, Gaudreault, N, Gerfen, CR, Graddis, N, Groblewski, PA, Henry, AM, Ho, A, Howard, R, Knox, JE, Kuan, L, Kuang, X, Lecoq, J, Lesnar, P, Li, Y, Luviano, J, McConoughey, S, Mortrud, MT, Naeemi, M, Ng, L, Oh, SW, Ouellette, B, Shen, E, Sorensen, SA, Wakeman, W, Wang, Q, Wang, Y, Williford, A, Phillips, JW, Jones, AR, Koch, C, Zeng, H. (2019) Hierarchical organization of cortical and thalamic connectivity. Nature. 575:195–202. doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1716-z.Google Scholar

Hashikawa, T, Rausell, E, Molinari, M, Jones, EG. (1991) Parvalbumin- and calbindin-containing neurons in the monkey medial geniculate complex: differential distribution and cortical layer specific projections. Brain Res. 544:335–341. doi: 10.1016/0006-8993(91)90076-8.Google Scholar

Hendry, SH, Yoshioka, T. (1994) A neurochemically distinct third channel in the macaque dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus. Science. 264:575–577.Google Scholar

Herkenham, M. (1978) The connections of the nucleus reuniens thalami: evidence for a direct thalamo-hippocampal pathway in the rat. J Comp Neurol. 177:589–610.Google Scholar

Herkenham, M. (1979) The afferent and efferent connections of the ventromedial thalamic nucleus in the rat. J Comp Neurol. 183:487–517.Google Scholar

Herkenham, M. (1980) Laminar organization of thalamic projections to the rat neocortex. Science. 207:532–535.Google Scholar

Herkenham, M. (1986) New perspectives on the organization and evolution of nonspecific thalamocortical projections. In Jones, EG (ed.), Cerebral Cortex, Vol 5. New York: Plenum Press, 1985, pp. 403–445.Google Scholar

Houser, CR, Vaughn, JE, Barber, RP, Roberts, E. (1980) GABA neurons are the major cell type of the nucleus reticularis thalami. Brain Res. 200:341–354.Google Scholar

Huang, CL, Winer, JA. (2000) Auditory thalamocortical projections in the cat: laminar and areal patterns of input. J Comp Neurol. 427:302–331. doi: 10.1002/1096-9861(20001113)427:2<302::aid-cne10>3.0.co;2-j.Google Scholar

Huguenard, JR. (1996) Low-threshold calcium currents in central nervous system neurons. Ann Rev Physiol. 58:329–348. doi:10.1146/annurev.ph.58.030196.001553Google Scholar

Humphrey, AL, Sur, M, Uhlrich, DJ, Sherman, SM. (1985) Termination patterns of individual X- and Y-cell axons in the visual cortex of the cat: projections to area 18, to the 17/18 border region, and to both areas 17 and 18. J Comp Neurol. 233:190–212. doi: 10.1002/cne.902330204.CrossRef Google Scholar

Jager, P, Moore, G, Calpin, P, Durmishi, X, Salgarella, I, Menage, L, Kita, Y, Wang, Y, Kim, DW, Blackshaw, S, Schultz, SR, Brickley, S, Shimogori, T, Delogu, A. (2021) Dual midbrain and forebrain origins of thalamic inhibitory interneurons. eLife. Feb 1;10:e59272. doi: 10.7554/eLife.59272.Google Scholar

Jahnsen, H, Llinás, R. (1984a) Electrophysiological properties of guinea-pig thalamic neurones: an in vitro study. J Physiol. 349:205–226. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1984.sp015153.Google Scholar

Jahnsen, H, Llinás, R. (1984b) Voltage-dependent burst-to-tonic switching of thalamic cell activity: An in vitro study. Arch Ital Biol. 122:73–82.Google Scholar

Jaramillo, J, Mejias, JF, Wang, X-J. (2019) Engagement of pulvinocortical feedforward and feedback pathways in cognitive computations. Neuron. 101:321–336. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.11.023.Google Scholar

Jhangiani-Jashanmal, IT, Yamamoto, R, Gungor, NZ, Paré, D. (2016) Electroresponsive properties of rat central medial thalamic neurons. J Neurophysiol. 115:1533–1541. doi: 10.1152/jn.00982.2015.Google Scholar

Jones, EG. (1998) Viewpoint: the core and matrix of thalamic organization. Neuroscience. 85:331–345.Google Scholar

Jones, EG. (2001) The thalamic matrix and thalamocortical synchrony. Trends Neurosci. 24, 595–601.Google Scholar

Jones, EG. (2007a) Thalamic neurons, synaptic organization, and functional properties. In The Thalamus, 2nd ed., Vol. 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, Ch. 4, pp. 171–317.Google Scholar

Jones, EG. (2007b) The chemistry of the thalamus. In The Thalamus, 2nd ed., Vol. 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, Ch. 5, pp. 318–478.Google Scholar

Jones, EG, Burton, H. (1976) Areal differences in the laminar distribution of thalamic afferents in cortical fields of the insular, parietal and temporal regions of primates. J Comp Neurol. 168: 197–247.Google Scholar

Jones, EG, Leavitt, RY. (1974) Retrograde axonal transport and the demonstration of non-specific projections to the cerebral cortex and striatum from thalamic intralaminar nuclei in the rat, cat and monkey. J Comp Neurol. 154:349–377. doi: 10.1002/cne.901540402.Google Scholar

Kageyama, GH, Wong-Riley, MT. (1984) The histochemical localization of cytochrome oxidase in the retina and lateral geniculate nucleus of the ferret, cat, and monkey, with particular reference to retinal mosaics and ON/OFF-center visual channels. J Neurosci. 4:2445–2459. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.04-10-02445.1984.Google Scholar

Kaufman, EF, Rosenquist, AC. (1985) Efferent projections of the thalamic intralaminar nuclei in the cat. Brain Res. 335, 257–279.Google Scholar

Kerschensteiner, D, Guido, W. (2017) Organization of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus in the mouse. Vis Neurosci. Jan;34:E008. doi: 10.1017/S0952523817000062.Google Scholar

Killackey, H, Ebner, F. (1972) Two different types of thalamocortical projections to a single cortical area in mammals. Brain Behav Evol. 6:141–69.Google Scholar

Killackey, H, Ebner, F. (1973) Convergent projection of three separate thalamic nuclei on to a single cortical area. Science. 179, 283–285.Google Scholar

Kim, EJ, Zhang, Z, Huang, L, Ito-Cole, T, Jacobs, MW, Juavinett, AL, Senturk, G, Hu, M, Ku, M, Ecker, JR, Callaway, EM. (2020) Extraction of distinct neuronal cell types from within a genetically continuous population. Neuron. 107:274–282. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.04.018.Google Scholar

Kirouac, GJ. (2015) Placing the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus within the brain circuits that control behavior. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 56:315–329. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.08.005.Google Scholar

Kuramoto, E, Furuta, T, Nakamura, KC, Unzai, T, Hioki, H, Kaneko, T. (2009) Two types of thalamocortical projections from the motor thalamic nuclei of the rat: a single neuron-tracing study using viral vectors. Cereb Cortex. 19:2065–2077.Google Scholar

Kuramoto, E, Iwai, H, Yamanaka, A, Ohno, S, Seki, H, Tanaka, YR, Furuta, T, Hioki, H, Goto, T. (2017) Dorsal and ventral parts of thalamic nucleus submedius project to different areas of rat orbitofrontal cortex: A single neuron-tracing study using virus vectors. J Comp Neurol. 525:3821–3839. doi: 10.1002/cne.24306. Epub 2017.Google Scholar

Kuramoto, E, Ohno, S, Furuta, T, Unzai, T, Tanaka, YR, Hioki, H, Kaneko, T. (2015) Ventral medial nucleus neurons send thalamocortical afferents more widely and more preferentially to layer 1 than neurons of the ventral anterior–ventral lateral nuclear complex in the rat. Cereb Cortex. 25:221–235.Google Scholar

Kuramoto, E, Pan, S, Furuta, T, Tanaka, YR, Iwai, H, Yamanaka, A, Ohno, S, Kaneko, T, Goto, T, Hioki, H. (2017) Individual mediodorsal thalamic neurons project to multiple areas of the rat prefrontal cortex: a single neuron-tracing study using virus vectors. J Comp Neurol. 525:166–185. doi: 10.1002/cne.24054.Google Scholar

Lacey, CJ, Bolam, JP, Magill, PJ. (2007) Novel and distinct operational principles of intralaminar thalamic neurons and their striatal projections. J Neurosci. 27:4374–4384. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5519-06.2007.Google Scholar

Lanciego, JL, Gonzalo, N, Castle, M, Sanchez-Escobar, C, Aymerich, MS, Obeso, JA. (2004) Thalamic innervation of striatal and subthalamic neurons projecting to the rat entopeduncular nucleus. Eur J Neurosci. 19:1267–1277. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2004.03244.x.Google Scholar

Land, PW, Simons, DJ. (1985) Metabolic and structural correlates of the vibrissae representation in the thalamus of the adult rat. Neurosci Lett. 60:319–324. doi: 10.1016/0304-3940(85)90597-x.Google Scholar

Landisman, CE, Connors, BW. (2007) VPM and PoM nuclei of the rat somatosensory thalamus: Intrinsic neuronal properties and corticothalamic feedback. Cereb Cortex. 17:2853–2865. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhm025 Google Scholar

Leresche, N, Lightowler, S, Soltesz, I, Jassik-Gerschenfeld, D, Crunelli, V. (1991) Low-frequency oscillatory activities intrinsic to rat and cat thalamocortical cells. J Physiol. 441:155–174.Google Scholar

LeVay, S, Gilbert, CD. (1976) Laminar patterns of geniculocortical projection in the cat. Brain Res. 113:1–19.Google Scholar

Leventhal, AG. (1979) Evidence that the different classes of relay cells of the cat’s lateral geniculate nucleus terminate in different layers of the striate cortex. Exp Brain Res. 37:349–372. doi: 10.1007/BF00237719.Google Scholar

Li, J, Bickford, ME, Guido, W. (2003) Distinct firing properties of higher order thalamic relay neurons. J Neurophysiol. 90:291–299. doi: 10.1152/jn.01163.2002Google Scholar

Li, Y, Lopez-Huerta, VG, Adiconis, X, Levandowski, K, Choi, S, Simmons, SK, Arias-Garcia, MA, Guo, B, Yao, AY, Blosser, TR, Wimmer, RD, Aida, T, Atamian, A, Naik, T, Sun, X, Bi, D, Malhotra, D, Hession, CC, Shema, R, Gomes, M, Li, T, Hwang, E, Krol, A, Kowalczyk, M, Peça, J, Pan, G, Halassa, MM, Levin, JZ, Fu, Z, Feng, G. (2020) Distinct subnetworks of the thalamic reticular nucleus. Nature. 583:819–824. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2504-5.Google Scholar

Llinás, R, Jahnsen, H. (1982) Electrophysiology of mammalian thalamic neurones in vitro. Nature. 297:406–408. doi: 10.1038/297406a0.Google Scholar

Llinás, RR Steriade, M. (2006) Bursting of thalamic neurons and states of vigilance. J Neurophysiol. 95:3297–3308. doi:10.1152/jn.00166.2006.Google Scholar

López-Bendito, G, Cautinat, A, Sánchez, JA, Bielle, F, Flames, N, Garratt, AN, Talmage, DA, Role, LW, Charnay, P, Marín, O, Garel, S. (2006) Tangential neuronal migration controls axon guidance: a role for neuregulin-1 in thalamocortical axon navigation. Cell. 125:127–142. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2006.01.042.Google Scholar

López-Bendito, G, Molnar, Z. (2003) Thalamocortical development: how are we going to get there? Nat Rev Neurosci. 4:276–289. doi:10.1038/nrn1075.Google Scholar

Lorente de No, R. (1938) Cerebral cortex: architecture, intracortical connections, motor projections. In Fulton, J (ed.), Physiology of the nervous system. London: Oxford University Press. pp. 291–340.Google Scholar

Lund, JS. (1988) Anatomical organization of macaque monkey striate visual cortex. Annu Rev Neurosci. 11:253–288. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ne.11.030188.001345.Google Scholar

Macchi, G, Bentivoglio, M, Minciacchi, D, Molinari, M. (1996) Trends in the anatomical organization and functional significance of the mammalian thalamus. Ital J Neurol Sci. 17:105–129. doi: 10.1007/BF02000842.Google Scholar

Macchi, G, Bentivoglio, M, Molinari, M, Minciacchi, D. (1984) The thalamo-caudate versus thalamo-cortical projections as studied in the cat with fluorescent retrograde double labeling. Exp Brain Res. 54:225–239. doi: 10.1007/BF00236222.Google Scholar

Mandelbaum, G, Taranda, J, Haynes, TM, Hochbaum, DR, Huang, KW, Hyun, M, Umadevi Venkataraju, K, Straub, C, Wang, W, Robertson, K, Osten, P, Sabatini, BL. (2019) Distinct cortical-thalamic-striatal circuits through the parafascicular nucleus. Neuron. 102:636–652. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.02.035.Google Scholar

Martini, FJ, Guillamón-Vivancos, T, Moreno-Juan, V, Valdeolmillos, M, López-Bendito, G. (2021) Spontaneous activity in developing thalamic and cortical sensory networks. Neuron. 109:2519–2534. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.06.026.Google Scholar

Minciacchi, D, Bentivoglio, M, Molinari, M, Kultas-Ilinsky, K, Ilinsky, IA, Macchi, G. (1986) Multiple cortical targets of one thalamic nucleus: the projections of the ventral medial nucleus in the cat studied with retrograde tracers. J Comp Neurol. 252:106–129.Google Scholar

Mitani, A, Itoh, K, Mizuno, N. (1987) Distribution and size of thalamic neurons projecting to layer I of the auditory cortical fields of the cat compared to those projecting to layer IV. J Comp Neurol. 257:105–121.Google Scholar

Molnár, Z, Garel, S, López-Bendito, G, Maness, P, Price, DJ. (2012) Mechanisms controlling the guidance of thalamocortical axons through the embryonic forebrain. Eur J Neurosci. 35:1573–1585. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2012.08119.xGoogle Scholar

Monckton, JE, McCormick, DA. (2002) Neuromodulatory role of serotonin in the ferret thalamus. J Neurophysiol. 87:2124–2136. doi: 10.1152/jn.00650.2001.Google Scholar

Morest, DK. (1964) The neuronal architecture of the medial geniculate body of the cat. J Anat. 98:611–630. PMID: 14229992.Google Scholar

Murray, KD, Choudary, PV, Jones, EG. (2007) Nucleus- and cell-specific gene expression in monkey thalamus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 104:1989–1994.Google Scholar

Nagalski, A, Puelles, L, Dabrowski, M, Wegierski, T, Kuznicki, J, Wisniewska, MB. (2016) Molecular anatomy of the thalamic complex and the underlying transcription factors. Brain Struct Funct. 221:2493–2510. doi: 10.1007/s00429-015-1052-5.Google Scholar

Nakagawa, Y. (2019) Development of the thalamus: From early patterning to regulation of cortical functions. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Dev Biol. Sep;8(5):e345. doi: 10.1002/wdev.345.Google Scholar

Nakamura, H, Hioki, H, Furuta, T, Kaneko, T. (2015) Different cortical projections from three subdivisions of the rat lateral posterior thalamic nucleus: a single-neuron tracing study with viral vectors. Eur J Neurosci. 41:1294–1310.Google Scholar

Nakamura, KC, Sharott, A, Magill, PJ. (2014) Temporal coupling with cortex distinguishes spontaneous neuronal activities in identified basal ganglia-recipient and cerebellar-recipient zones of the motor thalamus. Cereb Cortex. 24:81–97. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhs287.Google Scholar

Namura, S, Takada, M, Kikuchi, H, Mizuno, N. (1997) Collateral projections of single neurons in the posterior thalamic region to both the temporal cortex and the amygdala: a fluorescent retrograde double-labeling study in the rat. J Comp Neurol. 384:59–70.Google Scholar

Noseda, R, Jakubowski, M, Kainz, V, Borsook, D, Burstein, R. (2011) Cortical projections of functionally identified thalamic trigeminovascular neurons: implications for migraine headache and its associated symptoms. J. Neurosci. 31:14204–14217.Google Scholar

Noseda, R, Kainz, V, Jakubowski, M, Gooley, JJ, Saper, CB, Digre, K, Burstein, R. (2010) A neural mechanism for exacerbation of headache by light. Nat. Neurosci. 13:239–245. doi: 10.1038/nn.2475. Epub 2010 Jan 10.Google Scholar

Nuñez, A, Amzica, F, Steriade, M. (1992) Intrinsic and synaptically generated delta (1–4 Hz) rhythms in dorsal lateral geniculate neurons and their modulation by light-induced fast (30–70 Hz) events. Neuroscience. 51:269–284.Google Scholar

Oberlaender, M, Ramirez, A, Bruno, RM. (2012) Sensory experience restructures thalamocortical axons during adulthood. Neuron. 74, 648–655.Google Scholar

Oh, SW, Harris, JA, Ng, L, Winslow, B, Cain, N, Mihalas, S, Wang, Q, Lau, C, Kuan, L, Henry, AM, Mortrud, MT, Ouellette, B, Nguyen, TN, Sorensen, SA, Slaughterbeck, CR, Wakeman, W, Li, Y, Feng, D, Ho, A, Nicholas, E, Hirokawa, KE, Bohn, P, Joines, KM, Peng, H, Hawrylycz, MJ, Phillips, JW, Hohmann, JG, Wohnoutka, P, Gerfen, CR, Koch, C, Bernard, A, Dang, C, Jones, AR, Zeng, H. (2014) A mesoscale connectome of the mouse brain. Nature. 508:207–214. doi: 10.1038/nature13186.Google Scholar

Ohno, S, Kuramoto, E, Furuta, T, Hioki, H, Tanaka, YR, Fujiyama, F, Sonomura, T, Uemura, M, Sugiyama, K, Kaneko, T. (2012) A morphological analysis of thalamocortical axon fibers of rat posterior thalamic nuclei: a single neuron tracing study with viral vectors. Cereb Cortex. 22: 2840–2857.Google Scholar

Parent, M, Parent, A. (2005) Single-axon tracing and three-dimensional reconstruction of centre median-parafascicular thalamic neurons in primates. J Comp Neurol. 481:127–144. doi: 10.1002/cne.20348.Google Scholar

Pedroarena, C. Llinás, R. (1997) Dendritic calcium conductances generate high-frequency oscillation in thalamocortical neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 94:724–728.Google Scholar

Penny, GR, Itoh, K, Diamond, IT. (1982) Cells of different sizes in the ventral nuclei project to different layers of the somatic cortex in the cat. Brain Res. 242:55–65. doi: 10.1016/0006-8993(82)90495-4.Google Scholar

Perez-Reyes, E. (2003) Molecular physiology of low-voltage-activated t-type calcium channels. Physiol Rev. 83:117–161. doi: 10.1152/physrev.00018.2002.Google Scholar

Phillips, JW, Schulmann, A, Hara, E, Winnubst, J, Liu, C, Valakh, V, Wang, L, Shields, BC, Korff, W, Chandrashekar, J, Lemire, AL, Mensh, B, Dudman, JT, Nelson, SB, Hantman, AW. (2019) A repeated molecular architecture across thalamic pathways. Nat Neurosci. 22:1925–1935. doi: 10.1038/s41593-019-0483-3.Google Scholar

Pinault, D. (1996) A novel single-cell staining procedure performed in vivo under electrophysiological control: morpho-functional features of juxtacellularly labeled thalamic cells and other central neurons with biocytin or Neurobiotin. J Neurosci Meth. 65:113–136.Google Scholar

Puelles, L, Rubenstein, JL. (2003) Forebrain gene expression domains and the evolving prosomeric model. Trends Neurosci. 26:469–476.Google Scholar

Ramón y Cajal, S (1904) Textura del Sistema Nervioso del Hombre y de los Vertebrados. II Parte., Vol. 2. Madrid: Imprenta Nicolás Moya.Google Scholar

Rausell, E, Avendaño, C. (1985) Thalamocortical neurons projecting to superficial and to deep layers in parietal, frontal and prefrontal regions in the cat. Brain Res. 347:159–165.Google Scholar

Rausell, E, Bae, CS, Viñuela, A, Huntley, GW, Jones, EG. (1992) Calbindin and parvalbumin cells in monkey VPL thalamic nucleus: distribution, laminar cortical projections, and relations to spinothalamic terminations. J Neurosci. 12:4088–4111.Google Scholar

Rausell, E, Jones, EG. (1991) Histochemical and immunocytochemical compartments of the thalamic VPM nucleus in monkeys and their relationship to the representational map. J Neurosci. 11:210–225. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.11-01-00210.1991.Google Scholar

Real, MA, Dávila, JC, Guirado, S. (2006) Immunohistochemical localization of the vesicular glutamate transporter VGLUT2 in the developing and adult mouse claustrum. J Chem Neuroanat. 31:169–177.Google Scholar

Reinagel, P, Godwin, D, Sherman, SM, Koch, C. (1999) Encoding of visual information by LGN bursts. J Neurophysiol. 81:2558–2569. doi: 10.1152/jn.1999.81.5.2558Google Scholar

Ren, S, Wang, Y, Yue, F, Cheng, X, Dang, R, Qiao, Q, Sun, X, Li, X, Jiang, Q, Yao, J, Qin, H, Wang, G, Liao, X, Gao, D, Xia, J, Zhang, J, Hu, B, Yan, J, Wang, Y, Xu, M, Han, Y, Tang, X, Chen, X, He, C, Hu, Z. (2018) The paraventricular thalamus is a critical thalamic area for wakefulness. Science. 362:429–434. doi: 10.1126/science.aat2512.Google Scholar

Rodriguez-Moreno, J, Porrero, C, Rollenhagen, A, Rubio-Teves, M, Casas-Torremocha, D, Alonso-Nanclares, L, Yakoubi, R, Santuy, A, Merchan-Pérez, A, DeFelipe, J, Lübke, JHR, Clascá, F. (2020) Area-specific synapse structure in branched posterior nucleus axons reveals a new level of complexity in thalamocortical networks. J Neurosci. 40:2663–2679. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2886-19.2020.Google Scholar

Rodriguez-Moreno, J, Rollenhagen, A, Arlandis, J, Santuy, A, Merchan-Pérez, A, DeFelipe, J, Lübke, JHR, Clascá, F. (2018) Quantitative 3D ultrastructure of thalamocortical synapses from the “lemniscal” ventral posteromedial nucleus in mouse barrel cortex. Cereb Cortex. 28:3159–3175. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhx187.Google Scholar

Rubio-Garrido, P, Pérez-de-Manzo, F, Porrero, C, Galazo, MJ, Clascá, F. (2009) Thalamic input to distal apical dendrites in neocortical layer 1 is massive and highly convergent. Cereb Cortex. 19:2380–2395. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhn259.Google Scholar

Sampathkumar, V, Miller-Hansen, A, Sherman, SM, Kasthuri, N. (2021) Integration of signals from different cortical areas in higher order thalamic neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 118(30):e2104137118. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2104137118.Google Scholar

Scheibel, ME, Scheibel, AB. (1966) The organization of the ventral anterior nucleus of the thalamus. A Golgi study. Brain Res. 1:250–268. doi: 10.1016/0006-8993(66)90091-6.Google Scholar

Sherman, SM. (2001a) A wake-up call from the thalamus. Nat Neurosci. 4:344–346. doi: 10.1038/85973.Google Scholar

Sherman, SM. (2001b) Tonic and burst firing: dual modes of thalamocortical relay. Trends Neurosci. 24:122–126. doi: 10.1016/s0166-2236(00)01714-8.Google Scholar

Sheroziya, M, Timofeev, I. (2014) Global intracellular slow-wave dynamics of the thalamocortical system. J Neurosci. 34:8875–8893. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4460-13.2014.Google Scholar

Shi, W, Xianyu, A, Han, Z, Tang, X, Li, Z, Zhong, H, Mao, T, Huang, K, Shi, SH. (2017) Ontogenetic establishment of order-specific nuclear organization in the mammalian thalamus. Nat Neurosci. 20:516–528. doi: 10.1038/nn.4519.Google Scholar

Shibata, H. (1993a) Direct projections from the anterior thalamic nuclei to the retrohippocampal region in the rat. J Comp Neurol. 337:431–445. doi: 10.1002/cne.903370307.Google Scholar

Shibata, H. (1993b) Efferent projections from the anterior thalamic nuclei to the cingulate cortex in the rat. J Comp Neurol. 330:533–542. doi: 10.1002/cne.903300409.Google Scholar

Slézia, A, Hangya, B, Ulbert, I, Acsády, L. (2011) Phase advancement and nucleus-specific timing of thalamocortical activity during slow cortical oscillation. J Neurosci. 31:607–617. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3375-10.2011.Google Scholar

Smith, PH, Bartlett, EL, Kowalkowski, A. (2006) Unique combination of anatomy and physiology in cells of the rat paralaminar thalamic nuclei adjacent to the medial geniculate body. J Comp Neurol. 496:314–334. doi: 10.1002/cne.20913.Google Scholar

Smith, Y, Galvan, A, Ellender, TJ, Doig, N, Villalba, RM, Huerta-Ocampo, I, Wichmann, T, Bolam, JP. (2014) The thalamostriatal system in normal and diseased states. Front Syst Neurosci. Jan 30;8:5. doi: 10.3389/fnsys.2014.00005.Google Scholar

Stanford, LR, Friedlander, MJ, Sherman, SM. (1983) Morphological and physiological properties of geniculate W-cells of the cat: a comparison with X- and Y-cells. J Neurophysiol. 50:582–608. doi: 10.1152/jn.1983.50.3.582.Google Scholar

Swadlow, HA, Gusev, AG. (2001) The impact of “bursting” thalamic impulses at a neocortical synapse. Nat Neurosci. 4:402–408. doi: 10.1038/86054.Google Scholar

Turner, JP, Anderson, CM, Williams, SR, Crunelli, V. (1997) Morphology and membrane properties of neurones in the cat ventrobasal thalamus in vitro. J Physiol. 505:707–726.Google Scholar

Turner, JP, Leresche, N, Guyon, A, Soltesz, I, Crunelli, V. (1994) Sensory input and burst firing output of rat and cat thalamocortical cells: the role of NMDA and non-NMDA receptors. J Physiol. 480:281–295.Google Scholar

Unzai, T, Kuramoto, E, Kaneko, T, Fujiyama, F. (2017) Quantitative analyses of the projection of individual neurons from the midline thalamic nuclei to the striosome and matrix compartments of the rat striatum. Cereb Cortex. 27:1164–1181. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhv295.Google Scholar

Van der Werf, YD, Witter, MP, Groenewegen, HJ. (2002) The intralaminar and midline nuclei of the thalamus. Anatomical and functional evidence for participation in processes of arousal and awareness. Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 39:107–140. doi: 10.1016/s0165-0173(02)00181-9.Google Scholar

Van Groen, T, Kadish, I, Wyss, JM. (1999) Efferent connections of the anteromedial nucleus of the thalamus of the rat. Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 30:1–26. doi: 10.1016/s0165-0173(99)00006-5.Google Scholar

Van Groen, T, Wyss, JM. (1995) Projections from the anterodorsal and anteroventral nucleus of the thalamus to the limbic cortex in the rat. J Comp Neurol. 358:584–604. doi: 10.1002/cne.903580411.Google Scholar

Vanderhaeghen, P, Polleux, F. (2004) Developmental mechanisms patterning thalamocortical projections: intrinsic, extrinsic and in between. Trends Neurosci. 27:384–391.Google Scholar

Varela, C, Sherman, SM. (2009) Differences in response to serotonergic activation between first and higher order thalamic nuclei. Cereb Cortex. 19:1776–1786. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhn208.Google Scholar

Vertes, RP, Hoover, WB. (2008) Projections of the paraventricular and paratenial nuclei of the dorsal midline thalamus in the rat. J Comp Neurol. 508:212–237. doi: 10.1002/cne.21679.Google Scholar

Vertes, RP, Hoover, WB, Do Valle, AC, Sherman, A, Rodriguez, JJ. (2006) Efferent projections of reuniens and rhomboid nuclei of the thalamus in the rat. J Comp Neurol. 499:768–96. doi: 10.1002/cne.21135.Google Scholar

Vertes, RP, Hoover, WB, Rodriguez, JJ. (2012) Projections of the central medial nucleus of the thalamus in the rat: node in cortical, striatal and limbic forebrain circuitry. Neuroscience. 219:120–136. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.04.067.Google Scholar

Vue, TY, Aaker, J, Taniguchi, A, Kazemzadeh, C, Skidmore, JM, Martin, DM, Martin, JF, Treier, M, Nakagawa, Y. (2007) Characterization of progenitor domains in the developing mouse thalamus. J Comp Neurol. 505:73–91. doi: 10.1002/cne.21467.Google Scholar

Wang, Q, Ding, SL, Li, Y, Royall, J, Feng, D, Lesnar, P, Graddis, N, Naeemi, M, Facer, B, Ho, A, Dolbeare, T, Blanchard, B, Dee, N, Wakeman, W, Hirokawa, KE, Szafer, A, Sunkin, SM, Oh, SW, Bernard, A, Phillips, JW, Hawrylycz, M, Koch, C, Zeng, H, Harris, JA, Ng, L. (2020) The Allen mouse brain common coordinate framework: A 3D reference atlas. Cell. 181:936–953.e20. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.007.Google Scholar

Wang, X, Wei, Y, Vaingankar, V, Wang, Q, Koepsell, K, Sommer, FT, Hirsch, JA. (2007) Feedforward excitation and inhibition evoke dual modes of firing in the cat’s visual thalamus during naturalistic viewing. Neuron. 55:465–478. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2007.06.039.Google Scholar

Wei, H, Bonjean, M, Petry, HM, Sejnowski, TJ, Bickford, ME. (2011) Thalamic burst firing propensity: A comparison of the dorsal lateral geniculate and pulvinar nuclei in the tree shrew. J Neurosci. 31:17287–17299. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.6431-10.2011Google Scholar

Whitmire, CJ., Waiblinger, C, Schwarz, C, Stanley, GB. (2016) Information coding through adaptive gating of synchronized thalamic bursting. Cell Rep. 14:795–807. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.12.068.Google Scholar

Winnubst, J, Bas, E, Ferreira, TA, Wu, Z, Economo, MN, Edson, P, Arthur, BJ, Bruns, C, Rokicki, K, Schauder, D, Olbris, DJ, Murphy, SD, Ackerman, DG, Arshadi, C, Baldwin, P, Blake, R, Elsayed, A, Hasan, M, Ramirez, D, Dos Santos, B, Weldon, M, Zafar, A, Dudman, JT, Gerfen, CR, Hantman, AW, Korff, W, Sternson, SM, Spruston, N, Svoboda, K, Chandrashekar, J. (2019) Reconstruction of 1,000 projection neurons reveals new cell types and organization of long-range connectivity in the mouse brain. Cell. 179:268–281. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.07.042.Google Scholar

Winnubst, J, Spruston, N, Harris, JA. (2020) Linking axon morphology to gene expression: a strategy for neuronal cell-type classification. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 65:70–76. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2020.10.006.Google Scholar

Wong, SZH, Scott, EP, Mu, W, Guo, X, Borgenheimer, E, Freeman, M, Ming, G, Wu, QF, Song, H, Nakagawa, Y. (2018) In vivo clonal analysis reveals spatiotemporal regulation of thalamic nucleogenesis. PLoS Biol. 16(4):e2005211. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2005211.Google Scholar

Wouterlood, FG, Saldana, E, Witter, MP. (1990) Projection from the nucleus reuniens thalami to the hippocampal region: light and electron microscopic tracing study in the rat with the anterograde tracer phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin. J Comp Neurol. 296:179–203. doi: 10.1002/cne.Google Scholar

Yasui, Y, Itoh, K, Sugimoto, T, Kaneko, T, Mizuno, N. (1987) Thalamocortical and thalamo-amygdaloid projections from the parvicellular division of the posteromedial ventral nucleus in the cat. J Comp Neurol. 257:253–268. doi: 10.1002/cne.902570210.Google Scholar

Yen, CT, Conley, M, Jones, EG. (1985) Morphological and functional types of neurons in cat ventral posterior thalamic nucleus. J Neurosci. 5:1316–1338.Google Scholar

References

Alitto, H., Rathbun, D. L., Vandeleest, J. J., Alexander, P. C., & Usrey, W. M. (2019). The augmentation of retinogeniculate communication during thalamic burst mode. Journal of Neuroscience, 39, 5710.Google Scholar

Andolina, I. M., Jones, H. E., & Sillito, A. M. (2013). Effects of cortical feedback on the spatial properties of relay cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus. Journal of Neurophysiology, 109, 889–899.Google Scholar

Awh, E., Belopolsky, A. V., & Theeuwes, J. (2012). Top-down versus bottom-up attentional control: A failed theoretical dichotomy. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 16, 437–443.Google Scholar

Basso, M. A., & May, P. J. (2017). Circuits for action and cognition: A view from the superior colliculus. Annual Review of Vision Science, 3, 197–226.Google Scholar

Berman, R. A., & Wurtz, R. H. (2010). Functional identification of a pulvinar path from superior colliculus to cortical area MT. Journal of Neuroscience, 30, 6342–6354.Google Scholar

Bezdudnaya, T., Cano, M., Bereshpolova, Y., Stoelzel, C. R., Alonso, J. M., & Swadlow, H. A. (2006). Thalamic burst mode and inattention in the awake LGNd. Neuron, 49, 421–432.Google Scholar

Bickford, M. E., Zhou, N., Krahe, T. E., Govindaiah, G., & Guido, W. (2015). Retinal and tectal “driver-like” inputs converge in the shell of the mouse dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus. Journal of Neuroscience, 35, 10523–10534.Google Scholar

Bokor, H., Frere, S. G. A., Eyre, M. D., Slezia, A., Ulbert, I., Luthi, A., et al. (2005). Selective GABAergic control of higher-order thalamic relays. Neuron, 45, 929–940.Google Scholar

Bourassa, J., & Deschênes, M. (1995). Corticothalamic projections from the primary visual cortex in rats: A single fiber study using biocytin as an anterograde tracer. Neuroscience, 66, 253–263.Google Scholar

Bourassa, J., Pinault, D., & Deschênes, M. (1995). Corticothalamic projections from the cortical barrel field to the somatosensory thalamus in rats: A single-fibre study using biocytin as an anterograde tracer. European Journal of Neuroscience, 7, 19–30.Google Scholar

Branco, T., & Staras, K. (2009). The probability of neurotransmitter release: variability and feedback control at single synapses. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 10, 373–383.Google Scholar

Briggs, F., Mangun, G. R., & Usrey, W. M. (2013). Attention enhances synaptic efficacy and the signal-to-noise ratio in neural circuits. Nature, 499, 476–480.Google Scholar

Brown, D. A., Abogadie, F. C., Allen, T. G., Buckley, N. J., Caulfield, M. P., Delmas, P., Haley, J. E., Lamas, J. A., & Selyanko, A. A. (1997). Muscarinic mechanisms in nerve cells. Life Sciences, 60, 1137–1144.Google Scholar

Cajal, S. R. y. (1911). Histologie du Système Nerveaux de l’Homme et des Vertébrés. Paris: Maloine.Google Scholar

Chalk, M., Herrero, J. L., Gieselmann, M. A., Delicato, L. S., Gotthardt, S., & Thiele, A. (2010). Attention reduces stimulus-driven gamma frequency oscillations and spike field coherence in V1. Neuron, 66, 114–125.Google Scholar

Cohen, M. R., & Maunsell, J. H. (2009). Attention improves performance primarily by reducing interneuronal correlations. Nature Neuroscience, 12, 1594–1600.Google Scholar

Covic, E. N., & Sherman, S. M. (2011). Synaptic properties of connections between the primary and secondary auditory cortices in mice. Cerebral Cortex, 21, 2425–2441.Google Scholar

Cox, C. L., Denk, W., Tank, D. W., & Svoboda, K. (2000). Action potentials reliably invade axonal arbors of rat neocortical neurons. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 97, 9724–9728.Google Scholar

Crapse, T. B., & Sommer, M. A. (2008a). Corollary discharge across the animal kingdom. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 9, 587–600.Google Scholar

Crapse, T. B., & Sommer, M. A. (2008b). Corollary discharge circuits in the primate brain. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 18, 552–557.Google Scholar

Crunelli, V., & Leresche, N. (1991). A role for GABA_B receptors in excitation and inhibition of thalamocortical cells. Trends in Neurosciences, 14, 16–21.Google Scholar

Deleuze, C., David, F., Behuret, S., Sadoc, G., Shin, H. S., Uebele, V. N., et al. (2012). T-type calcium channels consolidate tonic action potential output of thalamic neurons to neocortex. Journal of Neuroscience, 32, 12228–12236.Google Scholar

DePasquale, R., & Sherman, S. M. (2011). Synaptic properties of corticocortical connections between the primary and secondary visual cortical areas in the mouse. Journal of Neuroscience, 31, 16494–16506.Google Scholar

DePasquale, R., & Sherman, S. M. (2012). Modulatory effects of metabotropic glutamate receptors on local cortical circuits. Journal of Neuroscience, 32, 7364–7372.Google Scholar

DePasquale, R., & Sherman, S. M. (2013). A modulatory effect of the feedback from higher visual areas to V1 in the mouse. Journal of Neurophysiology, 109, 2618–2631.Google Scholar

Deschênes, M., Bourassa, J., & Pinault, D. (1994). Corticothalamic projections from layer V cells in rat are collaterals of long-range corticofugal axons. Brain Research, 664, 215–219.Google Scholar

Desimone, R., & Duncan, J. (1995). Neural mechanisms of selective visual attention. Annual Reviews in Neuroscience, 18, 193–222.Google Scholar

Dittman, J. S., Kreitzer, A. C., & Regehr, W. G. (2000). Interplay between facilitation, depression, and residual calcium at three presynaptic terminals. Journal of Neuroscience, 20, 1374–1385.Google Scholar

Dobrunz, L. E., & Stevens, C. F. (1997). Heterogeneity of release probability, facilitation, and depletion at central synapses. Neuron, 18, 995–1008.Google Scholar

Economo, M. N., Viswanathan, S., Tasic, B., Bas, E., Winnubst, J., Menon, V., et al. (2018). Distinct descending motor cortex pathways and their roles in movement. Nature, 563, 79–84.Google Scholar

Fries, P. (2005). A mechanism for cognitive dynamics: neuronal communication through neuronal coherence. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9, 474–480.Google Scholar

Gaither, N. S., & Stein, B. E. (1979). Reptiles and mammals use similar sensory organizations in the midbrain. Science, 205, 595–597.Google Scholar

Gilbert, C. D. (1977). Laminar differences in receptive field properties of cells in cat primary visual cortex. Journal of Physiology (London), 268, 391–421.Google Scholar

Godwin, D. W., Vaughan, J. W., & Sherman, S. M. (1996). Metabotropic glutamate receptors switch visual response mode of lateral geniculate nucleus cells from burst to tonic. Journal of Neurophysiology, 76, 1800–1816.Google Scholar

Groh, A., Bokor, H., Mease, R. A., Plattner, V. M., Hangya, B., Stroh, A., et al. (2013). Convergence of cortical and sensory driver inputs on single thalamocortical cells. Cerebral Cortex, 24, 3167–3179.Google Scholar

Groh, A., Bokor, H., Mease, R. A., Plattner, V. M., Hangya, B., Stroh, A., et al. (2014). Convergence of cortical and sensory driver inputs on single thalamocortical cells. Cerebral Cortex, 24, 3167–3179.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Guillery, R. W. (1995). Anatomical evidence concerning the role of the thalamus in corticocortical communication: A brief review. Journal of Anatomy, 187, 583–592.Google Scholar

Guillery, R. W. (2003). Branching thalamic afferents link action and perception. Journal of Neurophysiology, 90, 539–548.Google Scholar

Guillery, R. W. (2005). Anatomical pathways that link action to perception. Progress in Brain Research, 149, 235–256.Google Scholar

Gulcebi, M. I., Ketenci, S., Linke, R., Hacioglu, H., Yanali, H., Veliskova, J., et al. (2011). Topographical connections of the substantia nigra pars reticulata to higher-order thalamic nuclei in the rat. Brain Research Bulletin, 87, 312–318.Google Scholar

Herman, J. P., Katz, L. N., & Krauzlis, R. J. (2018). Midbrain activity can explain perceptual decisions during an attention task. Nature Neuroscience, 21, 1651–1655.Google Scholar

Hille, B. (1992). Ionic channels of excitable membranes. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates.Google Scholar

Hubel, D. H., & Wiesel, T. N. (1961). Integrative action in the cat’s lateral geniculate body. Journal of Physiology (London), 155, 385–398.Google Scholar

Huguenard, J. R. (1996). Low-threshold calcium currents in central nervous system neurons. Annual Review of Physiology, 58, 329–348.Google Scholar

Huguenard, J. R., & McCormick, D. A. (1994). Electrophysiology of the neuron. New York: Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Huguenard, J. R., & Prince, D. A. (1994). Clonazepam suppresses GABA_B-mediated inhibition in thalamic relay neurons through effects in nucleus reticularis. Journal of Neurophysiology, 71, 2576–2581.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Isa, T., Kinoshita, M., & Nishimura, Y. (2013). Role of direct vs. indirect pathways from the motor cortex to spinal motoneurons in the control of hand dexterity. Frontiers in Neurology, 4, 191.Google Scholar

Jack, J. J. B., Noble, D., & Tsien, R. W. (1975). Electric current flow in excitable cells. Oxfrod: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Jahnsen, H., & Llinás, R. (1984a). Electrophysiological properties of guinea-pig thalamic neurones: An in vitro study. Journal of Physiology (London), 349, 205–226.Google Scholar

Jahnsen, H., & Llinás, R. (1984b). Ionic basis for the electroresponsiveness and oscillatory properties of guinea-pig thalamic neurones in vitro. Journal of Physiology (London), 349, 227–247.Google Scholar

Johnston, D., Magee, J. C., Colbert, C. M., & Christie, B. R. (1996). Active properties of neuronal dendrites. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 19, 165–186.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Kelly, L. R., Li, J., Carden, W. B., & Bickford, M. E. (2003). Ultrastructure and synaptic targets of tectothalamic terminals in the cat lateral posterior nucleus. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 464, 472–486.Google Scholar

Kim, H. R., Hong, S. Z., & Fiorillo, C. D. (2015). T-type calcium channels cause bursts of spikes in motor but not sensory thalamic neurons during mimicry of natural patterns of synaptic input. Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, 9, 428.Google Scholar

Kita, T., & Kita, H. (2012). The subthalamic nucleus is one of multiple innervation sites for long-range corticofugal axons: a single-axon tracing study in the rat. Journal of Neuroscience, 32, 5990–5999.Google Scholar

Krauzlis, R. J., Lovejoy, L. P., & Zenon, A. (2013). Superior colliculus and visual spatial attention. Annual Reviews in Neuroscience, 36, 165–182.Google Scholar

Kuramoto, E., Fujiyama, F., Nakamura, K. C., Tanaka, Y., Hioki, H., & Kaneko, T. (2011). Complementary distribution of glutamatergic cerebellar and GABAergic basal ganglia afferents to the rat motor thalamic nuclei. European Journal of Neuroscience, 33, 95–109.Google Scholar

Lam, Y. W., & Sherman, S. M. (2010). Functional organization of the somatosensory cortical layer 6 feedback to the thalamus. Cerebral Cortex, 20, 13–24.Google Scholar

Lam, Y. W., & Sherman, S. M. (2019). Convergent synaptic inputs to layer 1 cells of mouse cortex. European Journal of Neuroscience, 49, 1399.Google Scholar

Larkum, M. E., Senn, W., & Luscher, H. R. (2004). Top-down dendritic input increases the gain of layer 5 pyramidal neurons. Cerebral Cortex, 14, 1059–1070.Google Scholar

Larkum, M. E., Waters, J., Sakmann, B., & Helmchen, F. (2007). Dendritic spikes in apical dendrites of neocortical layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons. Journal of Neuroscience, 27, 8999–9008.Google Scholar

Larkum, M. E., Zhu, J. J., & Sakmann, B. (1999). A new cellular mechanism for coupling inputs arriving at different cortical layers. Nature, 398, 338–341.Google Scholar

Lavallée, P., Urbain, N., Dufresne, C., Bokor, H., Acsády, L., & Deschênes, M. (2005). Feedforward inhibitory control of sensory information in higher-order thalamic nuclei. Journal of Neuroscience, 25, 7489–7498.Google Scholar

Lee, C. C., & Sherman, S. M. (2008). Synaptic properties of thalamic and intracortical inputs to layer 4 of the first- and higher-order cortical areas in the auditory and somatosensory systems. Journal of Neurophysiology, 100, 317–326.Google Scholar

Lee, C. C., & Sherman, S. M. (2009). Modulator property of the intrinsic cortical projection from layer 6 to layer 4. Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, 3, 1–5.Google Scholar

Lee, C. C., & Sherman, S. M. (2012). Intrinsic modulators of auditory thalamocortical transmission. Hearing Research, 287, 43–50.Google Scholar

Lee, J., & Maunsell, J. H. R. (2010). Attentional modulation of MT neurons with single or multiple stimuli in their receptive fields. Journal of Neuroscience, 30, 3058–3066.Google Scholar

Levitan, I. B., & Kaczmarek, L. K. (2002). The neuron: Cell and molecular biology. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Litvina, E. Y., & Chen, C. (2017). Functional convergence at the retinogeniculate synapse. Neuron, 96, 330–338.Google Scholar

Llano, D. A., & Sherman, S. M. (2009). Differences in intrinsic properties and local network connectivity of identified layer 5 and layer 6 adult mouse auditory corticothalamic neurons support a dual corticothalamic projection hypothesis. Cerebral Cortex, 19, 2810–2826.Google Scholar

Llinás, R. (1988). The intrinsic electrophysiological properties of mammalian neurons: insights into central nervous system. Science, 242, 1654–1664.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Lujan, R., Nusser, Z., Roberts, J. D., Shigemoto, R., Somogyi, P. (1996). Perisynaptic location of metabotropic glutamate receptors mGluR1 and mGluR5 on dendrites and dendritic spines in the rat hippocampus. European Journal of Neuroscience, 8, 1488–1500.Google Scholar

MacLean, J. N., Watson, B. O., Aaron, G. B., & Yuste, R. (2005). Internal dynamics determine the cortical response to thalamic stimulation. Neuron, 48, 811–823.Google Scholar

Maunsell, J. H., & Treue, S. (2006). Feature-based attention in visual cortex. Trends in Neuroscience, 29, 317–322.Google Scholar

McCormick, D. A., & Huguenard, J. R. (1992). A model of the electrophysiological properties of thalamocortical relay neurons. Journal of Neurophysiology, 68, 1384–1400.CrossRef Google Scholar

Miller-Hansen, A.J., and Sherman, S.M. (2022) Conserved patterns of functional organization between cortex and thalamus in mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA), in press.Google Scholar

Miller, E. K., & Buschman, T. J. (2013). Cortical circuits for the control of attention. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 23, 216–222.Google Scholar

Mineault, P. J., Tring, E., Trachtenberg, J. T., & Ringach, D. L. (2016). Enhanced spatial resolution during locomotion and heightened attention in mouse primary visual cortex. Journal of Neuroscience, 36, 6382–6392.Google Scholar

Mo, C., & Sherman, S. M. (2019). A sensorimotor pathway via higher-order thalamus. Journal of Neuroscience, 39, 692–704.Google Scholar

Mott, D. D., & Lewis, D. V. (1994). The pharmacology and function of central GABA_B receptors. International Review of Neurobiology, 36, 97–223.Google Scholar

Nicoll, R. A., Malenka, R. C., & Kauer, J. A. (1990). Functional comparison of neurotransmitter receptor subtypes in mammalian central nervous system. Physiology Review, 70, 513–565.Google Scholar

Nobre, K., Nobre, A., & Kastner, S. (2014). The Oxford handbook of attention. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Osborne, L. C., Hohl, S. S., Bialek, W., & Lisberger, S. G. (2007). Time course of precision in smooth-pursuit eye movements of monkeys. Journal of Neuroscience, 27, 2987–2998.Google Scholar

Petersen, S. E., & Posner, M. I. (2012). The attention system of the human brain: 20 years after. Annual Reviews in Neuroscience, 35, 73–89.Google Scholar

Petrof, I., Viaene, A. N., & Sherman, S. M. (2012). Synaptic properties of the lemniscal and paralemniscal somatosensory inputs to the mouse thalamus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 114, E6212–E6221.Google Scholar

Petrof, I., Viaene, A. N., & Sherman, S. M. (2015). Properties of the primary somatosensory cortex projection to the primary motor cortex in the mouse. Journal of Neurophysiology, 113, 2652.Google Scholar

Pin, J. P., & Duvoisin, R. (1995). The metabotropic glutamate receptors: structure and functions. Neuropharmacology, 34, 1–26.Google Scholar

Posner, M. I. (2012). Cognitive neuroscience of attention. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar

Prasad, J. A., Carroll, B. J., & Sherman, S. M. (2020). Layer 5 corticofugal projections from diverse cortical areas: variations on a pattern of thalamic and extra-thalamic targets. Journal of Neuroscience, 40, 5785–5796.Google Scholar

Raastad, M., & Shepherd, G. M. (2003). Single-axon action potentials in the rat hippocampal cortex. Journal of Physiology, 548, 745–752.Google Scholar

Ramcharan, E. J., Gnadt, J. W., & Sherman, S. M. (2005). Higher-order thalamic relays burst more than first-order relays. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 102, 12236–12241.Google Scholar

Rathelot, J. A., & Strick, P. L. (2009). Subdivisions of primary motor cortex based on cortico-motoneuronal cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 106, 918–923.Google Scholar

Recasens, M., & Vignes, M. (1995). Excitatory amino acid metabotropic receptor subtypes and calcium regulation. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 757, 418–429.Google Scholar

Reynolds, J. H., & Chelazzi, L. (2004). Attentional modulation of visual processing. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 27, 611–647.Google Scholar

Sakai, S. T., Inase, M., & Tanji, J. (1996). Comparison of cerebellothalamic and pallidothalamic projections in the monkey (Macaca fuscata): A double anterograde labeling study. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 368, 215–228.Google Scholar

Sherman, S. M. (1996). Dual response modes in lateral geniculate neurons: mechanisms and functions. Visual Neuroscience, 13, 205–213.Google Scholar

Sherman, S. M. (2001). Tonic and burst firing: Dual modes of thalamocortical relay. Trends in Neurosciences, 24, 122–126.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Sherman, S. M. (2005). Thalamic relays and cortical functioning. Progress in Brain Research, 149, 107–126.Google Scholar

Sherman, S. M. (2016). Thalamus plays a central role in ongoing cortical functioning. Nature Neuroscience, 19, 533–541.Google Scholar

Sherman, S. M., & Guillery, R. W. (1996). The functional organization of thalamocortical relays. Journal of Neurophysiology, 76, 1367–1395.Google Scholar

Sherman, S. M., & Guillery, R. W. (1998). On the actions that one nerve cell can have on another: Distinguishing “drivers” from “modulators.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 95, 7121–7126.Google Scholar

Sherman, S. M., & Guillery, R. W. (2006). Exploring the thalamus and its role in cortical function (2nd ed.). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar

Sherman, S. M., & Guillery, R. W. (2013). Functional connections of cortical areas: a new view from the thalamus. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar

Sherman, SM, Usrey, WM (2021) Cortical control of behavior and attention from an evolutionary perspective. Neuron 109:3048–3064.Google Scholar

Snutch, T. P., & Reiner, P. B. (1992). Ca²⁺ channels: Diversity of form and function. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 2, 247–253.Google Scholar

Soltész, I., Lightowler, S., Leresche, N., & Crunelli, V. (1989). On the properties and origin of the GABA_B inhibitory postsynaptic potential recorded in morphologically identified projection cells of the cat dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus. Neuroscience, 33, 23–33.Google Scholar

Sommer, M. A., & Wurtz, R. H. (2004). What the brain stem tells the frontal cortex. II. Role of the SC-MD-FEF pathway in corollary discharge. Journal of Neurophysiology, 91, 1403–1423.Google Scholar

Sommer, M. A., & Wurtz, R. H. (2008). Brain circuits for the internal monitoring of movements. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 31, 317–338.Google Scholar

Sperry, R. W. (1950). Neural basis of the spontaneous optokinetic response produced by visual inversion. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 43, 482–489.Google Scholar

Stein, B. E., & Gaither, N. S. (1983). Receptive-field properties in reptilian optic tectum: some comparisons with mammals. Journal of Neurophysiology, 50, 102–124.Google Scholar

Stein, B. E., Stanford, T. R., & Rowland, B. A. (2009). The neural basis of multisensory integration in the midbrain: Its organization and maturation. Hearing Research, 258, 4–15.Google Scholar

Sur, M., Esguerra, M., Garraghty, P. E., Kritzer, M. F., & Sherman, S. M. (1987). Morphology of physiologically identified retinogeniculate X- and Y-axons in the cat. Journal of Neurophysiology, 58, 1–32.Google Scholar

Suzuki, D. G., Perez-Fernandez, J., Wibble, T., Kardamakis, A. A., & Grillner, S. (2019). The role of the optic tectum for visually evoked orienting and evasive movements. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 116, 15272–15281.Google Scholar

Suzuki, M., & Larkum, M. E. (2020). General anesthesia decouples cortical pyramidal neurons. Cell, 180, 666–676.Google Scholar

Swadlow, H. A., & Gusev, A. G. (2001). The impact of “bursting” thalamic impulses at a neocortical synapse. Nature Neuroscience, 4, 402–408.Google Scholar

Swadlow, H. A., Gusev, A. G., & Bezdudnaya, T. (2002). Activation of a cortical column by a thalamocortical impulse. Journal of Neuroscience, 22, 7766–7773.Google Scholar

Tamamaki, N., Uhlrich, D. J., & Sherman, S. M. (1995). Morphology of physiologically identified retinal X and Y axons in the cat’s thalamus and midbrain as revealed by intra-axonal injection of biocytin. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 354, 583–607.Google Scholar

Ulrich, D., Besseyrias, V., & Bettler, B. (2007). Functional mapping of GABA(B)-receptor subtypes in the thalamus. Journal of Neurophysiology, 98, 3791–3795.Google Scholar

Usrey, W. M., Reppas, J. B., & Reid, R. C. (1999). Specificity and strength of retinogeniculate connections. Journal of Neurophysiology, 82, 3527–3540.Google Scholar

Van Horn, S. C., Erisir, A., & Sherman, S. M. (2000). The relative distribution of synapses in the A-laminae of the lateral geniculate nucleus of the cat. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 416, 509–520.Google Scholar

Van Horn, S. C., & Sherman, S. M. (2007). Fewer driver synapses in higher order than in first order thalamic relays. Neuroscience, 475, 406–415.Google Scholar

Varela, C., & Sherman, S. M. (2007). Differences in response to muscarinic agonists between first and higher order thalamic relays. Journal of Neurophysiology, 98, 3538–3547.Google Scholar

Varela, C., & Sherman, S. M. (2008). Differences in response to serotonergic activation between first and higher order thalamic nuclei. Cerebral Cortex, 19, 1776–1786.Google Scholar

Viaene, A. N., Petrof, I., & Sherman, S. M. (2011a). Properties of the thalamic projection from the posterior medial nucleus to primary and secondary somatosensory cortices in the mouse. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 108, 18156–18161.Google Scholar

Viaene, A. N., Petrof, I., & Sherman, S. M. (2011b). Synaptic properties of thalamic input to layers 2/3 in primary somatosensory and auditory cortices. Journal of Neurophysiology, 105, 279–292.Google Scholar

Viaene, A. N., Petrof, I., & Sherman, S. M. (2011c). Synaptic properties of thalamic input to the subgranular layers of primary somatosensory and auditory cortices in the mouse. Journal of Neuroscience, 31, 12738–12747.Google Scholar

Viaene, A. N., Petrof, I., & Sherman, S. M. (2013). Activation requirements for metabotropic glutamate receptors. Neuroscience Letters, 541, 67–72.Google Scholar

von Graefe, A. (1854). Beiträge zur Physiologie und Pathologie der schiefen Augenmuskeln. Archiv für Opthlalmologie, 1, 1–81.Google Scholar

von Holst, E., & Mittelstaedt, H. (1950). The reafference principle. Interaction between the central nervous system and the periphery. In Selected papers of Erich von Holst: The behavioural physiology of animals and man (Martin, R., Trans.; Vol. 1, pp. 139–173). Coral Gables, FL: University of Miami Press.Google Scholar

Wang, L., & Krauzlis, R. J. (2018). Visual selective attention in mice. Current Biology, 28, 676–685.Google Scholar

Wang, L., McAlonan, K., Goldstein, S., Gerfen, C. R., & Krauzlis, R. J. (2020). A causal role for mouse superior colliculus in visual perceptual decision-making. Journal of Neuroscience, 40, 3768–3782.Google Scholar

Wang, S., Eisenback, M. A., & Bickford, M. E. (2002). Relative distribution of synapses in the pulvinar nucleus of the cat: Implications regarding the “driver/modulator” theory of thalamic function. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 454, 482–494.Google Scholar

Wang, W., Jones, H. E., Andolina, I. M., Salt, T. E., & Sillito, A. M. (2006). Functional alignment of feedback effects from visual cortex to thalamus. Nature Neuroscience, 9, 1330–1336.Google Scholar

Wolpert, D. M., & Flanagan, J. R. (2010). Motor learning. Current Biology, 20, R467–R472.Google Scholar

Wu, L. G., Borst, J. G., & Sakmann, B. (1998). R-type Ca²⁺ currents evoke transmitter release at a rat central synapse. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 95, 4720–4725.Google Scholar

Zaborszky, L., Gombkoto, P., Varsanyi, P., Gielow, M. R., Poe, G., Role, L. W., et al. (2018). Specific basal forebrain-cortical cholinergic circuits coordinate cognitive operations. Journal of Neuroscience, 38, 9446–9458.Google Scholar

Zhan, X. J., Cox, C. L., Rinzel, J., & Sherman, S. M. (1999). Current clamp and modeling studies of low threshold calcium spikes in cells of the cat’s lateral geniculate nucleus. Journal of Neurophysiology, 81, 2360–2373.Google Scholar

Book contents

Section 2: - Anatomy

Summary

Access options

References

References

References

References

Save book to Kindle

Save book to Dropbox

Save book to Google Drive