Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-pjpqr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-21T10:14:13.541Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

29 - Personality in Cross-Cultural Perspective

from Part VI - Social and Cultural Processes: Personality at the Intersection of Society

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 September 2020

Philip J. Corr
Affiliation:
City, University London
Gerald Matthews
Affiliation:
University of Central Florida
Get access

Summary

All human beings are products of the lifelong concurrent processes of socialization and individuation both of which are grounded in a genetic foundation. Together, these three components mold each person’s distinctive personality. In this chapter, our concern is with the contribution that culture makes to personality structure and functioning, its constancy and modification.

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ainsworth, M. D., Blehar, M. C., Waters, E., & Wall, S. (1978). Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the strange situation. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Allik, J., & McCrae, R. R. (2002). A Five-Factor theory perspective. In McCrae, R. R. & Allik, J. (Eds.), International and cultural psychology series: The Five-Factor model of personality across cultures (pp. 303322). New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.Google Scholar
Allik, J., & McCrae, R. R. (2004). Toward a geography of personality traits: Patterns of profiles across 36 cultures. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 35, 1328.Google Scholar
Allik, J., & Realo, A. (2017). How valid are culture-level mean personality scores? In Church, A. T. (Ed.), The Praeger handbook of personality across cultures: Trait psychology across cultures (Vol. 1, pp. 193224). Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger/ABC-CLIO.Google Scholar
Allik, J., Realo, A., Mottus, R., Pullmann, H., Trifonova, A., McCrae, R. R. & 55 Members of the Russian Character and Personality Survey. (2011). Personality profiles and the ‘Russian soul’: Literary and scholarly views evaluated. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 42, 372389.Google Scholar
Bardi, A., Buchanan, K. E., Goodwin, R., Slabu, L., & Robinson, M. (2014). Value stability and change during self-chosen life transitions: Self-selection versus socialization effects. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 106, 131147.Google Scholar
Becker, M., Vignoles, V. L., Owe, E., Easterbrook, M. J., Brown, R., Smith, P. B., … Koller, S. H. (2014). Cultural bases for self-evaluation: Seeing oneself positively in different cultural contexts. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 40, 657675.Google Scholar
Benedict, R. (1934). Patterns of culture. New York: Mentor.Google Scholar
Benedict, R. (1946). The chrysanthemum and the sword. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.Google Scholar
Benet-Martínez, V., & John, O. P. (2000). Toward the development of quasi-indigenous personality constructs: Measuring Los Cinco Grandes in Spain with indigenous Castilian markers. American Behavioral Scientist, 44, 141157.Google Scholar
Boas, F. (1910). Psychological problems in anthropology. American Journal of Psychology, 21, 371384.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bond, M. H., Leung, K., Au, A., Tong, K.-K., de Carrasquel, S. R., Murakami, F., … Lewis, J. R. (2004). Culture-level dimensions of social axioms and their correlates across 41 cultures. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 35, 548570.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bond, M. H., Leung, K., Au, A., Tong, K.-K., & Chemonges-Nielson, Z. (2004). Combining social axioms with values in predicting social behaviors. European Journal of Personality, 18, 177191.Google Scholar
Boski, P., Biłas-Henne, M., & Wiȩckowska, J. (2009). Cynicism in love and in politics. In Leung, K. & Bond, M. H. (Eds.), Psychological aspects of social axioms; International and Cultural Psychology (pp. 239266). New York: Springer.Google Scholar
Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and loss, Vol. 1. Attachment. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Chen, S. X., Bond, M. H., & Cheung, F. M. (2006). Personality correlates of social axioms: Are beliefs nested within personality? Personality and Individual Difference, 40, 509519.Google Scholar
Chen, S, X., Lam, B. C. P., Wu, W. C. H., Ng, J. C. K., Buchtel, E. E., & Guan, Y. (2016). Do people’s world views matter? The why and how. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 110, 743765.Google Scholar
Cheung, F. M., Cheung, S. F., & Fan, W. (2013). From Chinese to cross-cultural personality inventory: A combined emic-etic approach to the study of personality in culture. In Gelfand, M. J., Chiu, C.-Y. & Hong, Y.-Y. (Eds.), Advances in culture and psychology (pp. 117179). New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Cheung, F. M., Fan, W., & Cheung, S. F. (2017). Indigenous measurement of personality in Asia. In Church, A. T. (Ed.), The Praeger handbook of personality across cultures: Trait psychology across cultures (Vol. 1, pp. 105135). Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger.Google Scholar
Chinese Culture Connection (1987). Chinese values and the search for culture-free dimensions of culture. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 18, 143164.Google Scholar
Chirkov, V. (2017). Culture and autonomy. In Church, A. T. (Ed.), The Praeger handbook of personality across cultures: Culture and characteristic adaptations (Vol. 2, pp. 91120). Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger.Google Scholar
Church, A. T. (2009). Prospects for an integrated trait and cultural psychology. European Journal of Psychology, 23, 686701.Google Scholar
Church, A. T. (Ed.) (2017). The Praeger handbook of personality across cultures: Evolutionary, ecological, and cultural contexts of personality (Vols. 1–3). Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger.Google Scholar
Church, A. T., Alvarez, J. M., Katigbak, M. S., Mastor, K. A., Cabrera, H. F., Tanaka-Matsumi, J., … Buchanan, A. L. (2012). Self-concept consistency and short-term stability in eight cultures. Journal of Research in Personality, 46, 556570.Google Scholar
Church, A. T., Anderson-Harumi, C. A., del Prado, A. M., Curtis, G. J., Tanaka-Matsumi, J., Valdez Medina, J. L., … Katigbak, M. S. (2008). Culture, cross-role consistency, and adjustment: Testing trait and cultural psychology perspectives. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95, 739755.Google Scholar
Church, A. T., Katigbak, M. S., Ching, C. M., Zhang, H., Shen, J., Arias, R. M., … Alvarez, M. (2013). Within-individual variability in self-concepts and personality states: Applying density distribution and situation-behavior approaches across cultures. Journal of Research in Personality, 47, 922935.Google Scholar
Church, A. T., Katigbak, M. S., Reyes, J. A. S., Salanga, M. G. C., Miramontes, L. A., & Adams, N. B. (2008). Prediction and cross-situational consistency of daily behavior across cultures: Testing trait and cultural psychology perspectives. Journal of Research in Personality, 42, 11991215.Google Scholar
Colman, A. M. (2001). Dictionary of psychology. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Cross, S. E., & Lam, B. C. P. (2017). Cultural models of self: East-West differences and beyond. In Church, A. T. (Ed.), The Praeger handbook of personality across cultures: Culture and characteristic adaptations (Vol. 2, pp. 133). Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger.Google Scholar
Diaz-Guerrero, R. (1977). A Mexican psychology. American Psychologist, 32, 934944.Google Scholar
Diaz-Guerrero, R. (1994). Psicología del mexicano: descubrimiento de la etnopsicología [Psychology of the Mexican: Discovery of ethnopsychology]. Mexico City: Trillas.Google Scholar
Díaz-Guerrero, R. (2004). 50 años de psicología interamericana. Una visión desde México. Interamerican Journal of Psychology, 38, 333342.Google Scholar
Díaz-Loving, R., Rivera-Aragón, S., Villanueva-Orozco, G. B. T., & Cruz-Martínez, L. M. (2011). Las premisas histórico-socioculturales de la familia mexicana: su exploración desde las creencias y las normas [The historic-sociocultural premises of the Mexican family proceeding from beliefs and norms]. Revista Mexicana de Investigación en Psicología, 3, 128142.Google Scholar
Draguns, J. G. (2009). Personality in cross-cultural perspective. In Corr, P. J. & Matthews, G. (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of personality psychology (pp. 556576). Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DuBois, C. (1944). The People of Alor. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Fetvadjiev, V. H., Meiring, D., M., Nel, J. A., Hill, C., & van de Vijver, F. J. R. (2017). Indigenous personality structure and measurement in South Africa. In Church, A. T. (Ed.), The Praeger handbook of personality across cultures: Evolutionary, ecological, and cultural contexts of personality (Vol. 3, pp. 137160). Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger.Google Scholar
Fetvadjiev, V. H., Meiring, D., van de Vijver, F. J. R., Nel, J. A., & Hill, C. (2015). The South African Personality Inventory (SAPI): A culture-informed instrument for the country’s main ethnocultural groups. Psychological Assessment, 27, 828837.Google Scholar
Fischer, R. (2018). Personality, values, culture: An evolutionary approach. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Fischer, R., & Boer, D. (2015). Motivational basis of personality traits: A meta-analysis of value-personality correlations. Journal of Personality, 83, 491510.Google Scholar
Gelfand, M. J., Harrington, J. R., & Fernandez, J. R. (2017). Cultural tightness-looseness: Ecological affordances and implications for personality. In Church, A. T. (Ed.), The Praeger handbook of personality across cultures: Evolutionary, ecological, and cultural contexts of personality (Vol. 3, pp. 207–35). Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger.Google Scholar
Gelfand, M. J ., Raver, J. L., Nishii, L., Leslie, L. A., Lun, J., Lim, B. C., … Yamaguchi, S. (2011). Differences between tight and loose cultures: A 33-nation study. Science, 332, 11001104.Google Scholar
Goldberg, L. R. (1992). The development of markers for the Big Five factor structure. Psychological Assessment, 4, 2642.Google Scholar
Hamamura, T. (2012). Are cultures becoming individualistic? A cross-temporal comparison of individualism-collectivism in the United States and Japan. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 16, 324.Google Scholar
Heine, S. J. (2001). Self as cultural product: An examination of East Asian and North American selves. Journal of Personality, 69, 888906.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heine, S. J., & Buchtel, E. E. (2009). Personality: The universal and the culturally specific. Annual Review of Psychology, 60, 369394.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Herskovits, M. (1949). Man and his works. New York: Knopf.Google Scholar
Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture’s consequences: International differences in work-related values. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Hofstede, G. (1994). Cultures and organizations. Software of the mind. London: Harper Collins.Google Scholar
Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture’s consequences: Comparing values, behaviors, institutions and organizations across nations (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Hofstede, G., Hofstede, G. J., & Minkov, M. (2010). Cultures and organizations: Software of the mind (3rd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Hofstede, G., & McCrae, R. R. (2004). Personality and culture revisited: Linking traits and dimensions of culture. Cross-Cultural Research, 38, 5288.Google Scholar
Hogan, R., & Bond, M. H. (2009). Culture and personality. In Corr, P. J. & Mathews, G. (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of personality psychology (pp. 577588). New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Iliescu, D., Dincă, M., & Bond, M. H. (2017). The increment of social axioms over broad personality traits in the prediction of dyadic adjustment: An investigation across four ethnic groups. European Journal of Personality, 21, 630641.Google Scholar
Inglehart, R. (1997). Modernization and postmodernization: Cultural, economic and political change in 43 societies. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Inkeles, A., & Levinson, D. J. (1969). The study of modal personality and sociocultural systems. In Lindzey, G. & Aronson, E. (Eds.), Handbook of social psychology (Vol. 4, 2nd ed., pp. 418499). Cambridge, MA: Addison-Wesley.Google Scholar
James, W. (1890/1952). The principles of psychology. Chicago, IL: Encyclopedia BritannicaGoogle Scholar
Kardiner, A. (1939). The individual and his society. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Keller, H. (2007). Cultures of infancy. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Keller, H. (2013). Attachment and culture. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 44,175194.Google Scholar
Keller, H. (2015). Attachment. A pancultural need but a cultural construct. Current Opinion in Psychology, 8, 5963.Google Scholar
Keller, H., & Bard, K. A. (2017). The contextual nature of attachment: Contextualizing relationships and development. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.Google Scholar
Khaleque, A., & Rohner, R. P. (2012). Transnational relations between perceived parental acceptance and personality dispositions of children and adults: A meta-analytic review. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 16, 103115.Google Scholar
Kim, Y.-H., Cohen, D., & Au, W.-T. (2010). The jury and abjury of my peers: The self in face and dignity cultures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 98, 904916.Google Scholar
Kim, Y-H., Kwon, H., Seo, M., & Seo, D. (2017). The self in face and dignity cultures. In Church, A. T. (Ed.), The Praeger handbook of personality across cultures: Evolutionary, ecological, and cultural contexts of personality (Vol. 3, pp. 237263). Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger.Google Scholar
Kimura, B. (1995). Zwischen Mensch und Mensch [Between one human being and another], Weinhendl, H. (trans.). Darmstadt, Germany: Akademische Verlagsanstalt.Google Scholar
Kitayama, S., Conway, L. G. III, Pietromonaco, P. R., Park, H., & Plaut, V. C. (2010). Ethos of independence across regions in the United States: The production-adoption model of cultural change. American Psychologist, 65, 559574.Google Scholar
Kitayama, S., Duffy, S., & Uchida, Y. (2007). Self as cultural mode of being. In Kitayama, S. & Cohen, D. (Eds.), Handbook of cultural psychology (pp. 136174). New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Komatsu, K., Sakai, K., Nishioka, M., & Mukoyama, Y. (2012). The Gitaigo Personality Scale for description of self and others. The Japanese Journal of Psychology, 83, 8290.Google Scholar
Kurman, J. (2011). What I do and what I think they would do: Social axioms and behavior. European Journal of Personality, 25, 410423.Google Scholar
Lebedeva, N. M. (2000). Bazovye tsennosti russkikh na rubezhe XXI veks [The basic values of Russians at the threshold of the XXI century]. Psikhologicheskiy Zhurnal, 21, 7387.Google Scholar
Leung, K., Bond, M. H., de Carrasquel, S. H., Muñoz, C., Hernandez, M., Murakami, F., … Singelis, T. M. (2002). Social axioms: The search for universal dimensions of general beliefs about how the world functions. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 33, 286302.Google Scholar
Leung, K., & Bond, M. H. (Eds.) (2009). Psychological aspects of social axioms: Understanding global belief systems. New York: Springer.Google Scholar
Leung, K., Lam, B. C. P., Bond, M. H., Conway, G. C. III, Gornick, L. J., Amponsah, B., … Zhou, F. (2012). Developing and evaluating the Social Axioms Survey in eleven countries: Its relationship with the Five-Factor Model of personality. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 43, 833857.Google Scholar
LeVine, R. A. (2001). Culture and personality studies, 1918–1960: Myth and history. Journal of Personality, 69, 803818.Google Scholar
LeVine, R. A., Dixon, S., LeVine, S., Richman, A., Liederman, P. H., Keefer, C. H., & Brazerton, T. B. (1994). Children and culture: Lessons from Africa. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
LeVine, R. A., & Levine, S. E. (1988). Parental strategies among the Gusii in Kenya. In LeVine, R. A., Miller, P. M. & West, M. M. (Eds.), Parental behavior in diverse societies (pp. 2736). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.Google Scholar
LeVine, R. A., & LeVine, S A. (2007). Ethnographic studies of childhood: A historical overview. American Anthropologist, 109, 247260.Google Scholar
Linton, R. (1945). The cultural background of personality. New York: Appleton-Century.Google Scholar
Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review, 98, 224253.Google Scholar
Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, A. (1998). The cultural psychology of personality. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 29, 6387.Google Scholar
Markus, H, R., & Kitayama, S. (2010). Cultures and selves: A cycle of mutual constitution. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 5, 420430.Google Scholar
Martin, T. A., Costa, P. T. Jr. Oryol, V. E., Rukavishnikov, A. A., & Senin, I. G. (2002). Applications of the Russian NEO-P1-R. In McCrae, R. R. & Allik, J. (Eds.), The Five-Factor Model of personality across cultures (pp. 261–77). New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Press.Google Scholar
Matsumoto, D., & Juang, L. (2016). Culture and psychology (6th ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.Google Scholar
McCrae, R. R. (2017). The Five-Factor Model across cultures. In Church, A. T. (Ed.), The Praeger handbook of personality across cultures (Vol. 1, pp. 4771). Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger.Google Scholar
McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. (1987). Validation of the five-factor model of personality across instruments and observers. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 8190.Google Scholar
McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. Jr. (1997). Personality trait structure as a human universal. American Psychologist, 52, 509516.Google Scholar
McCrae, R. R., Terracciano, A., & 79 Members of the Personality Profiles of Cultures Project (2005). Personality profiles of cultures: Aggregate personality traits. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89, 407425.Google Scholar
McCrae, R. R., Terracciano, A., & 78 Members of the Personality Profiles of Cultures Project (2005). Universal features of personality traits from the observer’s perspective: Data from 50 cultures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88, 547561.Google Scholar
Mead, M. (1935). Sex and temperament in three primitive societies. New York: Mentor.Google Scholar
Minkov, M. (2007). What makes us similar and different? Sofia, Bulgaria: Klasika y Stil.Google Scholar
Minkov, M. (2011). Cultural differences in a globalizing world. New York: Emerald Group Publishing.Google Scholar
Mischel, W., Shoda, Y., & Ayduk, O. (2007). Introduction to personality: Toward an integrative science of the person (8th ed.). New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Murdock, G. P. (1967). Ethnographic atlas. Pittsburgh, PA: Pittsburgh University Press.Google Scholar
Okeke, B. I., Draguns, J. G., Sheku, B., & Allen, W. (1999). Culture, self, and personality in Africa. In Lee, Y.-T., McCauley, C. R. & Draguns, J. G. (Eds.), Personality and person perception across cultures (pp. 139163). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Oltmanns, T. F., & Emery, R. E. (2014). Abnormal psychology (8th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson.Google Scholar
Otto, H., & Keller, H. (Eds.) (2018). Different faces of attachment: Cultural variations on universal human need. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Parin, P., Morgenthaler, F., & Parin-Mathey, G. (1963). Die Weissen denken zu viel: Psychoanalytische Untersuchungen bei den Dogon in Westafrika [The whites think too much: psychoanalytic investigations among the Dogon of West Africa]. Zurich, Switzerland: Atlantis Verlag.Google Scholar
Parin, P., Morgenthaler, F., & Parin-Mathey, G. (1980). Fear thy neighbor as thyself: Psychoanalysis and society among the Anyi of West Africa. Klamath, P. (trans.). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Parks-Leduc, L., Feldman, G., & Bardi, A. (2015). Personality traits and personal values: A meta-analysis. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 19, 329.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Peabody, D. (1985). National characteristics. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Peabody, D. (1999). Nationality characteristics: Dimensions for comparison. In Lee, Y.-T., McCauley, C. R. & Draguns, J. G. (Eds.), Personality and person perception across cultures (pp. 6584). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Pelto, P. J. (1968). The differences between “tight” and “loose” societies. Trans-action, 5, 3740.Google Scholar
Piker, S. (1998). Contributions of psychological anthropology. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 29, 931.Google Scholar
Poortinga, Y. H., & van Hemert, D. A. (2001). Personality and culture demarcating between the common and the unique. Journal of Personality, 69, 10331060.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Realo, A., Allik, J., Lönnqvist, J.-E., Verkasalo, M., Kwiatkowska, A., Kööts, L., … Renge, V. (2009). Mechanisms of the national character stereotype: How people in six neighboring countries of Russia describe themselves and the typical Russian. European Journal of Personality, 23, 229249.Google Scholar
Roccas, S., & Elster, A. (2014). Values and religiosity. In Saroglou, V. (Ed.), Religion, personality, and social behavior (pp. 193212). New York: Psychology Press.Google Scholar
Rohner, R. P. (1975). They love me, they love me not. New Haven, CT: HRAF Press.Google Scholar
Rohner, R. P. (1986). New perspectives on family: The warmth dimension: Foundations of parental acceptance-rejection theory. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Rohner, R. P. (2004). The Parental “Acceptance-Rejection Syndrome”: Universal correlates of perceived rejection. American Psychologist, 59, 830840.Google Scholar
Rohner, R. P. (2016). Introduction to Interpersonal Acceptance-Rejection Theory (IPARTheory) and evidence. Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, 6.Google Scholar
Roland, A. (1988). In search of self in India and Japan. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Roland, A. (1996). Cultural pluralism and psychoanalysis: The Asian and North American experience. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Rolland, J.-P. (2002). The cross-cultural generalizability of the Five-Factor model of personality. In McCrae, R. R. & Allik, J. (Eds.), The Five-Factor Model of personality across cultures (pp. 728). New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum.Google Scholar
Rothbaum, F., & Trommsdorff, G. (2004). Do roots and wings complement or oppose one another? The socialization of relatedness and autonomy in cultural context. In Grusec, J. E. & Hastings, P. (Eds.), The handbook of socialization (pp. 481489). New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Rothbaum, F., & Trommsdorff, G. (2007). Do roots and wings complement or oppose one another? The socialization of relatedness and autonomy in cultural context. In Grusec, J. E. & Hastings, P. (Eds.), The handbook of socialization (pp. 481489). New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Schmitt, D. P., Allik, J., McCrae, R. R., & Benet-Martínez, V. (2007). The geographic distribution of Big Five Personality traits: Patterns and profiles of human self-description across 56 nations. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 38, 173212.Google Scholar
Schwartz, S. H. (1992). Universals in the content and structure of values: Theoretical advances and empirical tests in 20 countries. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 25, 165.Google Scholar
Schwartz, S. H. (2017). Individual values across cultures. In Church, A. T. (Ed.), The Praeger handbook of personality across cultures: Culture and characteristic adaptations (Vol. 2, pp. 121152). Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger.Google Scholar
Schwartz, S. H., & Bardi, A. (1997). Influences of adaptation to communist rule on value priorities in Eastern Europe. Political Psychology, 18, 385410.Google Scholar
Schwartz, S. H., & Bardi, A. (2001). Value hierarchies across cultures: Taking a similarities perspective. Journal of Cross-cultural Psychology, 32, 268.Google Scholar
Schwartz, S. H., & Rubel-Lifschitz, T. (2009). Cross-national variation in the size of sex differences in values: Effects of gender equality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 97, 171185.Google Scholar
Schwartz, S. H., & Sagiv, L. (1995). Identifying culture-specifics in the context and structure of values. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 26, 92116.Google Scholar
Smith, P. B., & Easterbrook, M. J. (2017). Individualism and collectivism: Implications for personality and identity. In Church, A. T. (Ed.), The Praeger handbook of personality across cultures: Evolutionary, ecological, and cultural contexts of personality (pp. 149177). Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger.Google Scholar
Stefanenko, T. (1999). Etnopsikhologiya (Ethnopsychology). Moscow: Akademicheskiy Proyekt.Google Scholar
Takata, T. (2012). Nippon bunka deno jinkaku keisei- sougo dokuritsusei・sougokyochousei Hattatsuteki kentou [Personality development in Japanese culture-Developmental study of independence and interdependence]. Kyoto, Japan: Nakanishiya Shoten.Google Scholar
Terracciano, A., Abdel-Khalek, A. M., Ádám, N., Adamovová, L., Ahn, C. -k., Ahn, H-N., … McCrae, R. R. (2005). National character does not reflect mean personality trait levels in 49 Cultures. Science, 310, 96100.Google Scholar
Triandis, H. C. (1989). The self and social behavior in differing cultural contexts. Psychological Review, 96, 506520.Google Scholar
Triandis, H. C. (1995). Individualism & collectivism. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.Google Scholar
Trommsdorff, G. (2009). Intergenerational relations and cultural transmission. In Schönpflug, U. (Ed.), Cultural transmission: Psychological, developmental, social, and methodological aspects (pp. 126160). New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Trommsdorff, G. (2012). Development of “agentic” regulation in cultural context: The role of self and world views. Child Development Perspective, 6, 1926.Google Scholar
Tulviste, T., Konstabel, K., & Tulviste, P. (2014). Stability and change in value consensus of ethnic Estonians and Russian-speaking minority. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 39, 93102.Google Scholar
Uskul, A. K., Sherman, D. K., & Fitzgibbon, J. (2009). The cultural congruency effect: Culture, regulatory focus, and the effectiveness of gain- vs. loss-framed health messages. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45, 535541.Google Scholar
Valchev, V. H., Nel, J. A., van de Vijver, F. J. R., Meiring, D., de Bruin, G. P., & Rothmann, S. (2013). Similarities and differences in implicit personality concepts across ethnocultural groups in South Africa. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 44, 365388.Google Scholar
van de Vijver, F. J. R., & He, J. (2017). Bias and equivalence in cross-cultural personality research. In Church, A. T. (Ed.), The Praeger handbook of personality across cultures: Culture and characteristic adaptations (Vol. 2, pp. 251277). Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger.Google Scholar
van der Linden, D., te Nijenhuis, J., & Bakker, A. (2010). The general factor of personality: A meta-analysis of Big Five intercorrelations and a criterion-related validity study. Journal of Research in Personality, 44, 315327.Google Scholar
Vignoles, V. L., Owe, E., Becker, M., Smith, P. B., Easterbrook, M. J., Brown, R., … Bond, M. H. (2016). Beyond the “east-west” dichotomy: Global variation in cultural models of selfhood. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 145, 9661000.Google Scholar
White, G. M. (1992). Ethnopsychology. In Schwartz, T., White, G. M. & Lutz, C. A. (Eds.), Publications of the Society for Psychological Anthropology, 3. New directions in psychological anthropology (pp. 2146). New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×