1 The main verb in each of the complete sentences is underlined:

• a On the Road = prepositional phrase

• b One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest = sentence

• c Far from the Madding Crowd = adjective phrase

• d A Portrait of an Artist as a Young Man = noun phrase

• e The Heart is a Lonely Hunter = sentence

• f The Spy who Came in from the Cold = noun phrase (The verb came is the verb, not of a sentence, but of a relative clause that modifies the spy, forming part of an extended noun phrase. Compare this with a complete sentence: The spy who came in from the cold surrendered.)

• g The Sun also Rises = sentence

• h Gentlemen Prefer Blondes = sentence

• i For Whom the Bell Tolls = prepositional phrase

• j You Only Live Twice = sentence

2 Note that in the case of There Will be Blood the subject slot is occupied by a dummy subject (there), so that the notional subject (blood) can occupy the predicate. This is because the predicate is where ‘new information’ is usually placed. The same idea can be expressed by a conventional subject – predicate structure as Blood will be, but this weakens the effect compared to There will be blood.

3 c Today we so privileged, life has become so easy in many ways. →Today we are so privileged …: finite verb needed

d The city was very beautiful. There was a lot of lights in the streets. →There were a lot of lights →subject-verb agreement (the subject is lights)

e Lampton Castle have new collection of musical instruments. It is great! →Lampton Castle has a new collection …: subject-verb agreement

f The people was very polite with me. →The people were very polite …: subject-verb agreement

g Sometimes I went fishing or going for a walk with my aunt’s dog Fluffy. →… or went for a walk …: finite verb needed

h There a lot of historical places in Antalya and Side. →There are a lot …: finite verb needed

i A person who owns a car tend to use the car to go nearby. →… tends to use …: subject-verb agreement

j I am afraid I only available to show you around on Wednesday morning. →…