This paper revisits the resonant excitation of terahertz (THz) radiation by beating of two spatial-Gaussian laser beams shaving different frequencies and wave numbers but the same electric fields, where the ponderomotive force in the transverse direction is resulted due to the beating and spatial variation of the field of lasers. Effect of the electron-neutral collision frequency on the THz wave generation in the collisional plasma has been discussed.

The concept of informativeness of nonlinear plasma physical scenario is discussed. Basic principles for heightening the informativeness of plasma kinetic models are explained. Former high-informative correlation analysis of plasma kinetics (Erofeev, V. 2011 High-Informative Plasma Theory, Saarbrücken: LAP) is generalized for studies of weakly turbulent plasmas that contain fields of solenoidal plasma waves apart from former potential ones. Respective machinery of plasma kinetic modeling is applied to an analysis of fusion of Langmuir waves with transformation to electromagnetic waves. It is shown that the customary version of this phenomenon (Terashima, Y. and Yajima, N. 1963 Prog. Theor. Phys. 30, 443; Akhiezer, I. A., Danelia, I. A. and Tsintsadze, N. L. 1964 Sov. Phys. JETP19, 208; Al'tshul', L. M. and Karpman, V. I. 1965 Sov. Phys. JETP20, 1043) substantially distorts the picture of merging of Langmuir waves with long wavelengths (λ ≳ c/ωpe).

Dust charge fluctuates even in steady-state uniform plasma due to the discrete nature of the charge carriers and can be described using standard Langevin equation. In this work, two possible approaches in order to introduce the memory effect in dust charging dynamics are proposed. The first part of the paper provides the generalization form of the fluctuation-dissipation relation for non-Markovian systems based on generalized Langevin equations to determine the amplitudes of the dust charge fluctuations for two different kinds of colored noises under the assumption that the fluctuation-dissipation relation is valid. In the second part of the paper, aiming for dusty plasma system out of equilibrium, the fractionalized Langevin equation is used to derive the temporal two-point correlation function of grain charge fluctuations which is shown to be non-stationary due to the dependence on both times and not the time difference. The correlation function is used to derive the amplitude of fluctuations for early transient time.

A simplified description of dynamical response of strongly coupled medium is desirable in many contexts of physics. The dusty plasma medium can play an important role in this regard due to its uniqueness, as its dynamical response typically falls within the perceptible grasp of human senses. Furthermore, even at room temperature and normal densities it can be easily prepared to be in a strongly coupled regime. A simplified phenomenological fluid model based on the visco - elastic behaviour of the medium is often invoked to represent the collective dynamical response of a strongly coupled dusty plasma medium. The manuscript reviews the role of this particular Generalized Hydrodynamic (GHD) fluid model in capturing the collective properties exhibited by the medium. In addition the paper also provides new insights on the collective behaviour predicted by the model for the medium, in terms of coherent structures, instabilities, transport and mixing properties.

In this paper we have used the Method of Fundamental Solutions (MFS) to solve the Grad–Shafranov (GS) equation for the axisymmetric equilibria of tokamak plasmas with monomial sources. These monomials are the individual terms appearing on the right-hand side of the GS equation if one expands the nonlinear terms into polynomials. Unlike the Boundary Element Method (BEM), the MFS does not involve any singular integrals and is a meshless boundary-alone method. Its basic idea is to create a fictitious boundary around the actual physical boundary of the computational domain. This automatically removes the involvement of singular integrals. The results obtained by the MFS match well with the earlier results obtained using the BEM. The method is also applied to Solov'ev profiles and it is found that the results are in good agreement with analytical results.

In this brief communication we have explored whether the electron emission from the boundary region surfaces (or from additional fine structured dust particles/droplets of some benign material put purposely in the area surrounding the surfaces) can act as an efficient cooling mechanism for boundary region surfaces/dust electrons and hence the lattice. In order to estimate the contribution of this cooling process a simple kinetic model based on charge flux balance and associated energetics has been established. Along with some additional sophistication like suitable choice of material and modification in the work function via surface coating, the estimates show that it is possible to keep the temperature of the plate/particles well within the critical limit, i.e. melting/sublimation point for the desired regime of incident heat flux.

A collective behavior of dust particles in a complex plasma with a magnetic field (up to 4 kG) is investigated. Dust particles form a dust disk which is rotating in a horizontal plane pushed by ions rotating with the E × B drift as a trigger force. The thickness of the disk is determined by controlling the experimental conditions. The disk rotates in a horizontal plane and forms a two-dimensional thin structure when the pressure pAr is relatively high. The dust particles are ejected from near the disk center and form a rotation in the vertical plane and, hence, forms a helical vortex when the disk is thick for relatively low pAr. The reason the dust disk has the different thickness is due to the neutral pressure. Under a higher (lower) neutral gas pressure, the disk becomes two (three) dimensional due to the influence of the neutral drag force.

This work shows that there is no such thing as a formulation of the Bohm criterion for the case of a collisional plasma. It examines critically the work of several authors who have sought to promote their own version of what has come to be called a collisionally modified Bohm criterion.

In a recent paper ‘Propagation of solitary waves and shock wavelength in the pair plasma (J. Plasma Phys. 78, 525–529, 2012)’, Malekolkalami and Mohammadi investigate nonlinear electrostatic solitary waves in a plasma comprising adiabatic electrons and positrons, and a stationary ion background. The paper contains two parts: First, the solitary wave properties are discussed through a pseudopotential approach, and then the influence of a small dissipation is intuitively sketched without theoretical underpinning. Small dissipation is claimed to lead to a shock wave whose wavelength is determined by linear oscillator analysis. Unfortunately, there are errors and inconsistencies in both the parts, and their combination is incoherent.

Two types of electro-acoustic shock structures, namely dust-ion-acoustic (DIA) and dust-acoustic (DA) shock structures, formed in two different kind of dusty plasma systems have been theoretically investigated. The sources of dissipation, which are responsible for the formation of DIA and DA shock structures in these dusty plasma systems, are identified. The conditions for the formation of these shock structures and their new basic features are pinpointed. The implications of the results in experimental observations are also discussed.

A theoretical investigation has been made of obliquely propagating nonlinear electrostatic shock structures. The reductive perturbation method has been used to derive the Korteweg-de Vries-Burger (KdV-Burger) equation for dust acoustic shock waves in a homogeneous system of a magnetized collisionless plasma comprising a four-component dusty plasma with massive, micron-sized, positively, negatively dust grains and non-extensive electrons and ions. The effect of dust viscosity coefficients of charged dusty plasma of opposite polarity and the non-extensive parameters of electrons and ions have been studied. The behavior of the oscillatory and monotonic shock waves in dusty plasma has been investigated. It has been found that the presence of non-extensive parameters significantly modified the basic properties of shock structures in space environments.

The results on dusty plasmas over the Moon are reviewed. The problems concerning the dusty plasma over the lunar surface are formulated.

Using 2D molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, the equilibrium and dynamical properties of a gravitationally equilibrated Yukawa liquid are investigated. We observe that due to asymmetry introduced in one direction by gravity, several interesting features arise. For example, for a given value of coupling parameter Γ, screening parameter κ and according to a chosen value of gravitational force g (say in y-direction), the system is seen to exhibit super-, sub- or normal diffusion. Interestingly, x-averaged density profiles, unlike a barotropic fluid, acquire sharp, free surface with scale free linear y-dependence. As can be expected for a system with macroscopic gradients, self-diffusion calculated from Green–Kubo's (GK) formalism does not agree with that obtained from Einstein–Smoluchowski (ES) diffusion. A 2D-angular radial pair correlation function g(r, θ) clearly indicates asymmetric features induced by gravity. We observe that due to compression in y-direction, though in liquid state for all values of gravity considered, the transverse mode is found to be predominant as compared to the longitudinal mode, leading to a novel Anisotropic Solid-like Yukawa liquid (ASYL). In in-homogenous Yukawa liquids studied here, Mach cones are found to be asymmetric. When density gradient direction is set in the direction opposite to gravity, the equilibrium is shown to be unstable to Rayleigh–Taylor (RT) instabilities resulting in transport.