Human rights — Access to justice — External confiscation order — Confiscation order of US court issued against appellant resident in England — Right of appeal against order — Fugitive disentitlement doctrine — Denial by US Court of Appeals of right of appeal to terms of order under fugitive disentitlement doctrine — Enforcement of external confiscation order in England — Criminal Justice Act 1988, Section 97 — Whether enforcement of order contrary to interests of justice — Whether operation of fugitive disentitlement doctrine by Convention State would constitute a violation of Article 6 of the Convention — Territorial limitations — Whether Article 6 of Convention capable of being directly or indirectly engaged in respect of a non-contracting State — Exceptional nature of circumstances required for indirect engagement of Article 6 rights — Whether giving effect to provisions of external confiscation order by enforcement in English court a breach of Article 6 of the Convention — The law of England

State immunity — Officials — Criminal proceedings — Decision to bring criminal proceedings against Governor and Chief Executive of constituent State of the Federal Republic of Nigeria — State Immunity Act 1978 — State immunity in criminal proceedings in the United Kingdom — Entitlement to State immunity — Whether State within Federal Republic of Nigeria entitled to immunity — Whether Governor and Chief Executive of constituent State of Nigeria entitled to State immunity in the United Kingdom

State immunity — Entitlement to State immunity — Federal States — Whether immunity applicable to constituent State of Federal Republic of Nigeria — Powers of constituent State — Lack of capacity of constituent State to conduct international relations — Whether entitlement to State immunity dependent on ability to conduct international relations

State immunity — Entitlement to State immunity — State recognition — Recognition of constituent State by Executive — Certificate of Secretary of State issued under Section 21 of the State Immunities Act 1978 — Whether certificate significant in criminal proceedings — The law of England

Human rights — Remedies — Persons wrongfully convicted — Compensation — Applicant imprisoned following conviction — Subsequent quashing of conviction — 1976 and 1985 ministerial policy statements concerning payments of compensation from public funds — 1985 statement referring to Article 14(6) of International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1966 (“ICCPR”) and ex gratia payment of compensation — Whether applicant having right to compensation under Article 14(6) of ICCPR or Section 133 of Criminal Justice Act 1988 — Whether ex gratia payment of compensation appropriate — Whether magistrate public authority — Whether serious default on part of member of public authority — Whether Secretary of State acting unlawfully by refusing applicant compensation

Relationship of international law and municipal law — International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1966, Article 14(6) — 1985 ministerial policy statement referring to international obligations with respect to payment of compensation — 1985 statement referring to Article 14(6) of ICCPR — Section 133(1) of Criminal Justice Act 1988 giving statutory effect to Article 14(6) of ICCPR — Whether 1988 Act superseding 1985 statement — Whether “reversal” of conviction — Whether applicant could bring case within Article 14(6) of ICCPR or Section 133 of 1988 Act — Ministerial policy statements — Interpretation — Whether binding — Whether Secretary of State acting unlawfully by refusing applicant compensation

Treaties — International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1966, Article 14(6) — Right to compensation for punishment resulting from wrongful conviction — Whether applicant having right to compensation under Article 14(6) of ICCPR — The law of Northern Ireland

Treaties — Interpretation — European Convention on Human Rights, 1950 — Scope of United Kingdom’s obligations under Convention — Nature of jurisdiction in Article 1 of Convention — Whether territorial or personal — European Court of Human Rights and United Kingdom case law — Practical considerations — Analysis of right claimed by petitioner under Article 2 of Convention — Whether United Kingdom having obligations under Convention — Whether Scottish Ministers obliged under Article 2 of Convention to hold specially convened public inquiry into death of petitioner’s son — Whether United Kingdom security services implicated in death — Constitutional responsibility of Scottish Ministers — Appropriate remedy under Article 34 of Convention

Jurisdiction — Territorial jurisdiction — General international law principle — State having exclusive jurisdiction over events occurring within its territory — Corollary of every other State having to respect that exclusive territorial jurisdiction — Ordinary usage of “jurisdiction” in international law — Whether principle applicable to treaties — Whether applicable to European Convention on Human Rights, 1950, Article 1

Human rights — Right to life — Right of next-of-kin to effective official public investigation when arguable that person killed as result of use of force — Next-of-kin having derivative right based on deceased’s own right to life — European Convention on Human Rights, 1950, Article 2 — Whether Scottish Ministers including Lord Advocate contravening petitioner’s rights under Article 2 of Convention — The law of Scotland