Fresnel Zone Plate lens (FZPL) antennas working in the V and W band are reported in this paper with half and quarter phase correction respectively. A low cost and straightforward technological process is used to manufacture the dielectric lenses using only one foam material where the dielectric constant is controlled. Simulation and measurement results are in good agreement that confirms the viability of such a process to fabricate inhomogeneous structures. Good loss efficiency of 73 and 55% are obtained at 60 and 85 GHz respectively with the two different FZPL designs.

The proposed research paper presents the design, development, and experimental testing of a broadband stacked complementary microstrip antenna for ultra-wideband (UWB) (5.28–5.85 GHz), Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure band (UNII) (5.25–5.825 GHz), wireless local area networks (WLAN, IEEE802.11a, 5.15–5.35 GHz), and IEEE 802.11b (5.75–5.85 GHz), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access band (5.25–5.85 GHz), and Radio Astronomy band (6.6–6.75 GHz) wireless applications. The main aim of this paper is to obtain an UWB behavior from the combined effect of two resonances exhibited by the driven and parasitic patches of a stacked complementary antenna geometry. Circularly polarized radiations are also emitted by the antenna by the addition of an orthogonal stub to its feed line. The proposed three-layered antenna structure (without air gap) is fabricated on commercially available glass-reinforced epoxy laminate, FR4 substrate. The topmost layer of FR4 has a square-shaped patch parasitic patch printed over it; this patch has a square slot etched out from it. The middle layer of the antenna has a square-shaped driven patch of approximately the same dimensions as that of the slot in parasitic patch. The antenna is fed using aperture-coupled feeding mechanism. Therefore the lowermost layer of FR4 has a ground plane on its top with a “π”-shaped slot etched from it and a feed line with an orthogonal stub at its bottom forming a “T”-shaped geometry. The antenna is fed by the electromagnetic coupling between the antenna layers .The proposed antenna has a compact structure with overall volumetric dimensions of 4.7 × 3.82 × 0.483 cm3. The antenna design and simulations are carried out using CSTMWSV'10 with perfect boundary (electric and magnetic) estimations. This designed antenna shows an UWB behavior from 5.14 to 5.85 GHz with an impedance bandwidth of 710 MHZ and a fractional bandwidth of 12.62% at the center frequency of band at 5.5 GHz. The radiating antenna also possesses a good gain of 4.59 dBi at the central frequency of 5.50 GHz and a 1 dB axial ratio bandwidth of 820 MHz from 5.16 to 5.98 GHz. The validation of results is done by fabrication and experimental testing of the antenna using a vector network analyzer and placing the antenna in an anechoic chamber for gain measurements. The measured results show close matching with the simulated ones and this makes the antenna well suited for the proposed wireless applications of interest, specifically in small handheld wireless communication devices.

A novel dual-band planar antenna with a low profile for mobile communication system is proposed in this paper. The antenna is composed of one shorted patch with two radiating notches for low frequency resonance and one square patch for high frequency resonance. The low profile is achieved via the shorting patch, which introduces the parallel electrical field between the reflector and antenna. A step-impedance microstrip line is used to feed the antenna. The coupling between the square patch and microstrip line cancels out the inductance of shorting probe, which increases the working bandwidth of proposed antenna. A prototype with a low profile of 0.0286λ is fabricated and measured. The antenna achieves dual impedance bandwidths of 1.6% for the low frequency band and 60% for the high frequency band, covering the frequency range 851–865 MHz and 1.97–3.65 GHz, respectively. The measured results show good agreements with the simulated ones.

A single-layer coaxial-fed compact rectangular microstrip antenna with very low voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) is presented in this paper. The simulated VSWR of the proposed antenna 1.00374 is obtained near the center frequency of the operating band (3.5 GHz). Simulation and measurement results indicate that the bandwidth (simulated: 3.36–3.715 GHz, and measured: 3.295–3.645 GHz) of the antenna exceeds 10% below VSWR 2, when the size reduction of the antenna is about 81.6%. The realized peak gain is obtained about 2.15 dBi at 3.5 GHz. For the verification of the computational results, two designs were fabricated and measured. Good agreements between simulated and measured results were found.

In this paper, a simple conical-shaped dielectric resonator antenna operating in HEM11δ mode is presented for X-band wireless applications. A rectangular slot with a running microstrip line is used for excitation purpose. By placing a FR-4 based superstrate at 7 mm height from the ground FR-4 substrate and incorporating a set of modified ground plane on either side of the feed line, gain is improved by 42.85% and bandwidth by 68.92%, simultaneously. A prototype of designed antenna is fabricated and characterized. The measured results are found to be good in matching with the simulated ones.

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have acquired enormous importance in computing of the performance parameters of microstrip antennas due to their generalized and adaptive features. However, recently the concept of support vector machines (SVMs) has become very much popular in performance parameters computation due to several attractive features over ANNs. Specifically, SVMs outreach ANNs noticeably in terms of execution time. Likewise, ANNs are having multiple local minima problem, whereas a global and unique solution is provided by SVMs. In this paper, several performance parameters like: resonant frequency, gain, directivity, and radiation efficiency of slotted microstrip antennas with modified ground plane are computed with the help of SVM formulation. Comparisons of different parameters of simulated and computed values are illustrated. The achieved radiation patterns at particular resonant frequency in different planes are included as well. A prototype of the optimized antenna is also fabricated and characterized. A good agreement is attained among the computed, simulated, and measured results.

A novel radio frequency identification tag antenna is composed of a resonant open-slot exciter and a dipole-type ground radiator. For a conjugate match to the Alien Higgs-4 chip impedance of 8−j149 Ω at 925 MHz, a quarter wavelength open-slot resonator embedded at the center of the dipole-type ground plane (130 × 18 mm2) was investigated and fabricated. Simple size adjustments and various loaded inductor of the open-slot resonator allow for easy control of the tag antenna resistance and inductive reactance, from which the chip impedance requirement can be easily obtained. The read range of the prototype antenna attached on a foam in the free space can reach more than 9 m, which has been tested for a radio frequency identification reader with 4.0-W of effective isotropic radiated power. Measurement data are in good agreement with simulation results.

In this paper, a novel design of compact Coplanar Waveguide-fed planar monopole antenna with enhanced bandwidth and multiband characteristics has been proposed. Two rectangular rings have been incorporated in a rectangular patch to obtain multiband operation for Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) (2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz) and Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) (2.3/2.5/5.5 GHz) bands. A parasitic strip and meandering along with double-ringed structure have been used to achieve enhanced impedance bandwidth in WLAN (from 2.26 to 3.03 GHz) and WiMAX (from 4.48 to 6.85 GHz) bands. The parametric analysis is carried out to study effect of varying dimensions on antenna performance. The proposed antenna is optimized and prototype is designed and fabricated. Simulated and measured radiation patterns in elevation and azimuthal planes are also observed. The antenna shows significant gain of 7.33 dBi at 6.54 GHz frequency.

This paper presents a novel technique to design a Rotman lens feeding a wide bandwidth microstrip patch antenna array for 60 GHz radio frequency identification (RFID) applications. The proposed scheme supports both location positioning and increases the communication range through beam forming. The antenna array is designed using λ/4 microstrip transmission lines to support high gain, directivity, and bandwidth. The progressive phase delay using the Rotman lens is realized independently using transmission lines to reduce the complexity of the design and improve the performance parameters. The dummy ports are terminated by λ/4 radial stubs which eliminates the need for via holes and expensive connectors which reduces the fabrication costs.

We report in this paper a novel miniaturized (12 × 18 × 1.6 mm3) microstrip fed UWB antenna with tunable notched band characteristics. The proposed antenna covers the tunable notched band for IEEE 802.11a wireless local area network operating in the frequency band of 5.15–5.825 GHz. The design of proposed antenna includes annular ring radiating patch with two T-shaped strips present inside it. The band notching is obtained by adjusting coupling between T-shaped strips placed inside the annular ring. In order to achieve larger bandwidth the ground plane of the microstrip antenna is modified. The simulated return loss of the proposed antenna has been verified in fabricated antenna experimentally, which has been in good agreement.

In this work, microstrip antenna with W- and V-shaped radiating patches have been proposed. Here square- and circular-shaped modified ground planes have been designed by poly tetra fluoro ethylene (PTFE) substrate with dielectric constant 2.4. Broadband with high gain is obtained by optimum selection of radiating patch with modified ground plane. The ground planes are modified by loading a U-shaped slot. The simulated and measured results are compared. Considering −10 dB impedance bandwidth maximum frequency band of 6.97 GHz (3.04–10.01 GHz) with percentage bandwidth of 106.8% is achieved. The proposed antenna exhibits maximum peak gain of 5.1 dBi. The simulation and measurement have been done by Ansoft designer software and vector network analyzer.

A design approach for printed planar slot array antennas is presented. The antenna array consists of half-wavelength slot radiators positioned on a rectangular grid, and a slotline feed network. Three planar slot array antennas for use in IEEE 802.11a applications are designed, a 2 × 2, a 2 × 4, and a 4 × 2 array, all radiating above an electric conductor ground plane placed a quarter-wavelength below the printed slots. These slot arrays have higher aperture efficiencies and occupy less space than typical microstrip patch arrays. The measured impedance bandwidths of the designed unidirectional slot arrays were 19.8, 15.3, and 16.7%, respectively, with peak gains of 11.7, 13.9, and 14.4 dBi. Measured results show very good agreement with the simulated results, which serves as validation of the array design procedure and the accuracy of the simulated results.

In this paper, an implantable coplanar waveguide-fed tapered monopole antenna for industrial scientific and medical band (2.4–2.48 GHz) applications is proposed. This proposed design has an overall dimension of 44 × 44 × 0.5 mm3. The designed antenna is made compatible for implantation on human tissues such as skin, fat, or muscles by embedding it on the RT Duroid substrate and the 10 dB return loss bandwidth is 6.12% ranging from 2.35 to 2.5 GHz. This proposed antenna can be significantly used in implantable medical devices and radio frequency (RF), because of its merits such as conformability, flexibility in design and shape, biocompatibility, patient safety, miniaturization, power consumption, etc.

A circular patch antenna with wide impedance bandwidth and monopolar radiation pattern for indoor wireless communication is proposed and analyzed in this paper. The antenna is a combination of circular patch and four capacitive feeds. By incorporating a cross-connected shorted conducting strip over the circular patch, the proposed antenna provides an enhanced impedance width of 65.4%, ranging from 1.46 to 2.88 GHz. Four capacitive feeds improve the design flexibility and make the ripple of horizontal radiation pattern less than 3 dB. A prototype of the proposed structure has been fabricated and measured. Both the simulated and measured results show that the proposed design has a stable monopolar radiation pattern over a wideband frequency range and a peak gain of 5.0 dBi, which can be widely applied for indoor wireless communication such as GSM1800, CDMA2000, WCDMA, and TD-LTE systems.

In this paper, a miniaturized CPW-fed tapered slot antenna (TSA) with a modified CPW to slot-line transition structure was introduced. An air-bridge and tapered slot edge (TSE) structure was also employed to broaden the transition bandwidth. Through these applied modifications, negative features of the original TSA (limitation of transition) and antipodal Vivaldi antenna (bad cross-polarization) are both removed, while all the positive features remained. Results showed that the proposed structure offered a broad bandwidth of 2.6–20 GHz and also exhibited an appropriate current distribution with high radiation efficiency. The radiation pattern was stable in the working frequency band with good directivity, gain, and low cross-polarization. The proposed antenna structure also presented satisfactory time-domain characteristics. In this study, we confirmed the simulation results through data measurements.

Multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna is at core of the presently available wireless technologies. The design of MIMO antennas over a limited space requires various approaches of mutual coupling reduction, otherwise gain, efficiency, diversity gain, and radiation patterns will be severely affected. Various techniques have been reported in literature to control this degrading factor and to improve the performance of the MIMO antennas. In this review paper, we have carried out an extensive thorough investigation of diversity and mutual coupling (correlation) reduction techniques in compact MIMO antennas.

This paper presents a high gain, wideband circularly polarized (CP) antenna. High gain of the antenna is achieved by employing a frequency selective surface (FSS) as a reflector. The antenna is a coplanar waveguide-fed structure with a modified L-shaped radiating patch. The unit element of the FSS is formed by connecting two modified dipoles at an angle of 90°. The antenna with reflector has a measured impedance bandwidth of 74.3% (2.2–4.8 GHz) and a 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW) of 62% (2.2–4.18 GHz). The maximum boresight gain of the proposed antenna with reflector is 7.1 dB at 3.4 GHz. The radiation patterns of the antenna with the FSS are also measured and compared with simulated patterns. The various aspects of effect of FSS on CP antenna performance are also discussed.

This paper presents a very fast and highly efficient full-wave hybrid method for analyzing an integrated dielectric lens antenna (ILA) fed by multilayered substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) slot antenna/array. The feeding antenna structure is modeled as a stacked parallel-plate waveguide with metallic posts, coupling, and radiating slots. Physical optics method in conjunction with three-dimensional ray tracing technique is employed to analyze the effect of the dielectric lens on the SIW feeding slots. Fields in the SIW structure are computed by considering the Dyadic Green's function expressed as an expansion of vectorial cylindrical eigenfunctions and taking into account scattering at the conducting posts. Slots are modeled with equivalent magnetic currents expressed as a sum of domain basis functions. By imposing continuity of the tangential components of the fields an integral equation is obtained that is solved with the application of method-of-moments. In order to validate the proposed technique, a hemispherical ILA fed by a double-layered SIW cavity which is backed with slot antenna is analyzed. Excellent agreement is obtained with HFSS software together with significant improvement in computational time and memory requirements.