For an n-tuple of positive invertible operators on a Hilbert space, we present some variants of Ando–Hiai type inequalities for deformed means from an n-variable operator mean by an operator mean, which is related to the information monotonicity of a certain unital positive linear map. As an application, we investigate the monotonicity of the power mean from the deformed mean in terms of the generalized Kantorovich constants under the operator order. Moreover, we improve the norm inequality for the operator power means related to the Log-Euclidean mean in terms of the Specht ratio.

For a locally compact group G, we study the distality of the action of automorphisms T of G on SubG, the compact space of closed subgroups of G endowed with the Chabauty topology. For a certain class of discrete groups G, we show that T acts distally on SubG if and only if Tn is the identity map for some $n\in\mathbb N$ . As an application, we get that for a T-invariant lattice Γ in a simply connected nilpotent Lie group G, T acts distally on SubG if and only if it acts distally on SubΓ. This also holds for any closed T-invariant co-compact subgroup Γ in G. For a lattice Γ in a simply connected solvable Lie group, we study conditions under which its automorphisms act distally on SubΓ. We construct an example highlighting the difference between the behaviour of automorphisms on a lattice in a solvable Lie group and that in a nilpotent Lie group. We also characterise automorphisms of a lattice Γ in a connected semisimple Lie group which act distally on SubΓ. For torsion-free compactly generated nilpotent (metrisable) groups G, we obtain the following characterisation: T acts distally on SubG if and only if T is contained in a compact subgroup of Aut(G). Using these results, we characterise the class of such groups G which act distally on SubG. We also show that any compactly generated distal group G is Lie projective.

We study the locally compact abelian groups in the class ${\mathfrak E_{ \lt \infty }}$ , that is, having only continuous endomorphisms of finite topological entropy, and in its subclass $\mathfrak E_0$ , that is, having all continuous endomorphisms with vanishing topological entropy. We discuss the reduction of the problem to the case of periodic locally compact abelian groups, and then to locally compact abelian p-groups. We show that locally compact abelian p-groups of finite rank belong to ${\mathfrak E_{ \lt \infty }}$ , and that those of them that belong to $\mathfrak E_0$ are precisely the ones with discrete maximal divisible subgroup. Furthermore, the topological entropy of endomorphisms of locally compact abelian p-groups of finite rank coincides with the logarithm of their scale. The backbone of the paper is the Addition Theorem for continuous endomorphisms of locally compact abelian groups. Various versions of the Addition Theorem are established in the paper and used in the proofs of the main results, but its validity in the general case remains an open problem.

Given a finite group G, we denote by Δ(G) the graph whose vertices are the proper subgroups of G and in which two vertices H and K are joined by an edge if and only if G = ⟨H, K⟩. We prove that if there exists a finite nilpotent group X with Δ(G) ≅ Δ(X), then G is supersoluble.

It is proven that, for a wide range of integers s (2 < s < p − 2), the existence of a single wildly ramified odd prime l ≠ p leads to either the alternating group or the full symmetric group as Galois group of any irreducible trinomial Xp + aXs + b of prime degree p.

Let G be a nontrivial torsion-free group and $s\left( t \right) = {g_1}{t^{{\varepsilon _1}}}{g_2}{t^{{\varepsilon _2}}} \ldots {g_n}{t^{{\varepsilon _n}}} = 1\left( {{g_i} \in G,{\varepsilon_i} = \pm 1} \right)$ be an equation over G containing no blocks of the form ${t^{- 1}}{g_i}{t^{ - 1}},{g_i} \in G$. In this paper, we show that $s\left( t \right) = 1$ has a solution over G provided a single relation on coefficients of s(t) holds. We also generalize our results to equations containing higher powers of t. The later equations are also related to Kaplansky zero-divisor conjecture.

We prove some numerical inequality for the Horikawa indices for Eisenbud–Harris special nonhyperelliptic fibrations of genus 4 on algebraic surfaces under the assumption that the multiplication map of the fibration is not surjective. Furthermore, we prove that the inequality is best possible by constructing the examples satisfying the equality.

It has been well established that congruences between automorphic forms have far-reaching applications in arithmetic. In this paper, we construct congruences for Siegel–Hilbert modular forms defined over a totally real field of class number 1. As an application of this general congruence, we produce congruences between paramodular Saito–Kurokawa lifts and non-lifted Siegel modular forms. These congruences are used to produce evidence for the Bloch–Kato conjecture for elliptic newforms of square-free level and odd functional equation.

Let G be a finite group and σ = {σi| i ∈ I} some partition of the set of all primes $\Bbb{P}$ . Then G is said to be: σ-primary if G is a σi-group for some i; σ-nilpotent if G = G1× … × Gt for some σ-primary groups G1, … , Gt; σ-soluble if every chief factor of G is σ-primary. We use $G^{{\mathfrak{N}}_{\sigma}}$ to denote the σ-nilpotent residual of G, that is, the intersection of all normal subgroups N of G with σ-nilpotent quotient G/N. If G is σ-soluble, then the σ-nilpotent length (denoted by lσ (G)) of G is the length of the shortest normal chain of G with σ-nilpotent factors. Let Nσ (G) be the intersection of the normalizers of the σ-nilpotent residuals of all subgroups of G, that is,

$${N_\sigma }(G) = \bigcap\limits_{H \le G} {{N_G}} ({H^{{_\sigma }}}).$$

Then the subgroup Nσ (G) is called the σ-nilpotent norm of G. We study the relationship of the σ-nilpotent length with the σ-nilpotent norm of G. In particular, we prove that the σ-nilpotent length of a σ-soluble group G is at most r (r > 1) if and only if lσ (G/ Nσ (G)) ≤ r.

We use the divide-and-conquer and scanning algorithms for calculating Khovanov cohomology directly on the Lee- or Bar-Natan deformations of the Khovanov complex to give an alternative way to compute Rasmussen s-invariants of knots. By disregarding generators away from homological degree 0, we can considerably improve the efficiency of the algorithm. With a slight modification, we can also apply it to a refinement of Lipshitz–Sarkar.

We show that standard cyclic actions on Brieskorn homology 3-spheres with non-empty fixed set do not extend smoothly to any contractible smooth 4-manifold it may bound. The quotient of any such extension would be an acyclic 4-manifold with boundary a related Brieskorn homology sphere. We briefly discuss well-known invariants of homology spheres that obstruct acyclic bounding 4-manifolds and then use a method based on equivariant Yang–Mills moduli spaces to rule out extensions of the actions.

Let $N_g^k$ be a nonorientable surface of genus g with k punctures. In the first part of this note, after introducing preliminary materials, we will give criteria for a chain of Dehn twists to bound a disc. Then, we will show that automorphisms of the mapping class groups map disc bounding chains of Dehn twists to such chains. In the second part of the note, we will introduce bounding pairs of Dehn twists and give an algebraic characterization for such pairs.

In the present paper, we deal with asymptotical stability of Markov operators acting on abstract state spaces (i.e. an ordered Banach space, where the norm has an additivity property on the cone of positive elements). Basically, we are interested in the rate of convergence when a Markov operator T satisfies the uniform P-ergodicity, i.e. $\|T^n-P\|\to 0$ , here P is a projection. We have showed that T is uniformly P-ergodic if and only if $\|T^n-P\|\leq C\beta^n$ , $0<\beta<1$ . In this paper, we prove that such a β is characterized by the spectral radius of T − P. Moreover, we give Deoblin’s kind of conditions for the uniform P-ergodicity of Markov operators.

Incidence coalgebras of categories in the sense of Joni and Rota are studied, specifically cases where a monoidal product on the category turns these into (weak) bialgebras. The overlap with the theory of combinatorial Hopf algebras and that of Hopf quivers is discussed, and examples including trees, skew shapes, Milner’s bigraphs and crossed modules are considered.

A module M is called a D4-module if, whenever A and B are submodules of M with M = A ⊕ B and f : A → B is a homomorphism with Imf a direct summand of B, then Kerf is a direct summand of A. The class of D4-modules contains the class of D3-modules, and hence the class of semi-projective modules, and so the class of Rickart modules. In this paper we prove that, over a commutative Dedekind domain R, for an R-module M which is a direct sum of cyclic submodules, M is direct projective (equivalently, it is semi-projective) iff M is D3 iff M is D4. Also we prove that, over a prime PI-ring, for a divisible R-module X, X is direct projective (equivalently, it is Rickart) iff X ⊕ X is D4. We determine some D3-modules and D4-modules over a discrete valuation ring, as well. We give some relevant examples. We also provide several examples on D3-modules and D4-modules via quivers.

For a locally compact Hausdorff space X and a C*-algebra A with only finitely many closed ideals, we discuss a characterization of closed ideals of C0(X,A) in terms of closed ideals of A and a class of closed subspaces of X. We further use this result to prove that a closed ideal of C0(X)⊗minA is a finite sum of product ideals. We also establish that for a unital C*-algebra A, C0(X,A) has the centre-quotient property if and only if A has the centre-quotient property. As an application, we characterize the closed Lie ideals of C0(X,A) and identify all the closed Lie ideals of HC0(X)⊗minB(H), H being a separable Hilbert space.

We investigate real hypersurfaces in nonflat complex space forms attaining equality in an inequality involving the contact δ-invariant δc(2) introduced by Chen and Mihai in [3].

Let F be a non-Archimedean local field of characteristic zero. Let G = GL(2, F) and $3\widetildeG = \widetilde{GL}(2,F)$ be the metaplectic group. Let τ be the standard involution on G. A well-known theorem of Gelfand and Kazhdan says that the standard involution takes any irreducible admissible representation of G to its contragredient. In such a case, we say that τ is a dualizing involution. In this paper, we make some modifications and adapt a topological argument of Tupan to the metaplectic group $\widetildeG$ and give an elementary proof that any lift of the standard involution to $\widetildeG$ ; is also a dualizing involution.

Consider the following two eigenvalue problems: (0.1)

\begin{cases}\label{eqn:1abs}y"(x)+[\lambda^2-q(x)]y(x)=0, 0 \leq x \leq \pi,\\[3pt] y(0)=0, ay'(\pi)+\lambda y(\pi)=0, \end{cases}

(0.2)

\begin{cases} z"(x)+[\mu^2-q(x)]z(x)=0, 0 \leq x \leq \pi,\\[3pt] z'(0)=0, az'(\pi)+\mu z(\pi)=0, \end{cases}

where $q(x)$ is real-valued and integrable on [0, $\pi$ ]. Let $\{\lambda_n\}_{n\in \mathbb{Z}\setminus \{0\}}$ and $\{\mu_n\}_{n\in \mathbb{Z}\setminus \{0\}}$ denote the eigenvalues of equations (0.1) and (0.2), respectively. Then

\[\cdots\lt\mu_{-3}\lt\lambda_{-2}\lt\mu_{-2}\lt\lambda_{-1}\lt\mu_{-1}\lt\mu_1\lt\lambda_1\lt\mu_2\lt\lambda_2\lt\mu_3\lt\cdots.\]

$\lambda_n$

$\mu_n$

$\pi$

$|n|-1$

In this paper, we consider the following fractional Schrödinger–Poisson system with singularity

\begin{equation*} \left \{\begin{array}{lcl} ({-}\Delta)^s u+V(x)u+\lambda \phi u = f(x)u^{-\gamma}, &&\quad x\in\mathbb{R}^3,\\ ({-}\Delta)^t \phi = u^2, &&\quad x\in\mathbb{R}^3,\\ u>0,&&\quad x\in\mathbb{R}^3, \end{array}\right. \end{equation*}

where 0 < γ < 1, λ > 0 and 0 < s ≤ t < 1 with 4s + 2t > 3. Under certain assumptions on V and f, we show the existence, uniqueness, and monotonicity of positive solution uλ using the variational method. We also give a convergence property of uλ as λ → 0, when λ is regarded as a positive parameter.