1. A pleuropneumonia-like organism resembling L1 in all characteristic features has been isolated from a well-known lung condition of rats of hitherto obscure etiology in seventeen out of nineteen cases.

2. Morphological elements which presumably initiate growth in culture have been demonstrated microscopically in the lesions.

3. Streptobacillus moniliformis (i.e. L1 plus Streptobacillus) is a frequent inhabitant of the nasopharynx of rats with lung lesions; it may secondarily invade the lungs as it is found in severe cases together with the L1 organism.

4. An account is presented of the clinical and pathological features of the underlying condition with which the newly discovered bacteriological findings are associated.

5. The precise role played by the L1 organism in the pathogenesis of the lung lesions in rats has still to be established and further experiments with this end in view are in progress.

1. All tests of spermicidal power are done with human semen at 37° C.

2. The total spermicidal power of pure substances and commercial products is measured by a test which is not intended to represent natural conditions very closely, but which gives consistently reliable results. The activity of the sperms is determined at 5 and at 30 min.

3. A commercial product of high total spermicidal power may be useless on account of the slow rate of diffusion of the spermicide out of the vehicle. A special test measures the rate of diffusion. This test is designed to represent natural conditions as well as is possible in the laboratory. The test is made as stringent as possible by avoiding mechanical mixture of the product with the semen. The activity of the sperms is determined at 2, 5, 15, 30, 60, 120, and 180 min.

4. The rate of disintegration and acidity or alkalinity of commercial products is measured.

5. The pathological test consists in inserting one-half the prescribed dose of a commercial product into the vagina of a bitch daily (except Sundays) for a fortnight, and then sectioning the vagina and examining microscopically.

6. A method is described whereby the pH of human semen may be determined colorimetrically rather accurately.

7. The average ejaculate of the human semen we have studied, from 13 donors, measures 3·9 c.c, contains 461 million sperms, and requires 3·1 c.c. of N/100 HCl to neutralize it.

Despite considerable research on the problem of leukaemia, its etiology is still obscure. Endocrine dysfunction, effect of X-ray, trauma and etiological features suggestive of malignant tumours have been advanced as possible causes. The very nature of the disease as well as data on leukaemia in fowls, favour the theory of an infectious origin. Poverty, physical and mental strain, lymphatic constitution, syphilis, malaria and other infectious diseases have been suggested, often on inadequate grounds, as predisposing factors in leukaemia. Interesting results were obtained by MacDowell and Richter on susceptibility of mice to leukaemia.

Arising out of the routine selection of wheat germs for the production of a composite high-value and reasonably uniform mixture, it has been found that the variation in the vitamin B activity of unselected wheat germ is greater than has been generally suspected.

1. Organisms biochemically resembling the metadysentery bacilli of Castellani (1927) or sensu largo B. coli anaerogenes of Lembke (1896) have been recovered locally from the urinary passages of man.

2. These organisms were found in cases of enteric-like fevers, pyelitis and cystitis.

3. Similar to Dudgeon's slow lactose-fermenting bacilli of the urinary tract, they have been shown to possess marked haemolytic action for red blood corpuscles.

4. Serologically, they appear to fall into at least two groups of bacilli.

5. They are believed to be pathogenic.

Evidence has been obtained that where the adsorbing capacity for Vi agglutinins is known to be present it is also possible to show affinity for Vi bacteriophages. However, from the conduct of paratyphoid C strains containing Vi antigen it appears that the presence of Vi antigen causes only the adsorption of Vi bacteriophages, but that in the production of lysis by these bacteriophages other factors play a part.

1. Bight serological types of haemolytic streptococci were recognized in acute scarlatina during the 1933 epidemic in Edinburgh.

2. Five of these types were identical with Griffith's types 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, while the remainder have been named, provisionally, B, C and D.

3. Type 5 was predominant during the two months preceding the epidemic and throughout the early development of the outbreak.

4. The epidemic was maintained by successive increases in the proportion of cases due to the remaining type, particularly type 3.

5. The age-group incidence in the epidemic year was identical with that of non-epidemic years.

6. 36·8 per cent of patients on discharge were found to have haemolytic streptococci in the throat but in only 5·4 per cent was a large number of organisms isolated.

7. Haemolytic streptococci isolated from discharged convalescents were in the majority of cases of the same type as the admission strain.

By limiting our cultural investigations to persons who possess appreciable quantities of O agglutinins, we have detected a number of typhoid carriers and there are no indications that any carriers have been missed by following this labour-saving procedure. Several of our carriers were found to possess no H agglutinins.

As, however, O agglutinins occur in persons who are not carriers, and the number of such positive O reactors is increasing through the use of vaccines, the number of cultural examinations where no positive results can be expected is growing at a rate which will gradually make our procedure more difficult of application.

It would seem that Vi agglutination might provide a new and efficient method of narrowing down the field for cultural examinations. Vi agglutinins are very rare in normal persons. We have 4 manifest chronic carriers who possess significant quantities of Vi agglutinins. We have 3 persons who at one time were chronic stool carriers, in whom we now also find significant quantities of Vi agglutinins, but in whom at the time we cannot demonstrate typhoid bacilli. We also have 5 persons who at one time were chronic carriers, who now do not show any Vi agglutinins, and in whom we also at this time cannot find typhoid bacilli. Two of these were urinary carriers, which makes their negative cultural results more significant. Lastly, we have 2 persons who at one time obviously were temporary urinary carriers, and who now have lost their bacilli, and in whom also we now cannot detect Vi agglutinins.

In the search for typhoid carriers negative cultural results carry little weight. Our positive findings support the view that typhoid carriers are characterized by the possession of significant quantities of Vi agglutinins.

A comparative examination of the hippocampus and mid-brain in a series of 37 brains from suspected rabid animals has shown the marked superiority of the hippocampus as the site of election for Negri bodies.