Combings of compact, oriented, 3-dimensional manifolds $M$ are homotopy classes of nowhere vanishing vector fields. The Euler class of the normal bundle is an invariant of the combing, and it only depends on the underlying $\text{Spi}{{\text{n}}^{\text{c}}}$-structure. A combing is called torsion if this Euler class is a torsion element of ${{H}^{2}}(M;\,\mathbb{Z})$. Gompf introduced a $\mathbb{Q}$-valued invariant ${{\theta }_{G}}$ of torsion combings on closed 3-manifolds, and he showed that ${{\theta }_{G}}$ distinguishes all torsion combings with the same $\text{Spi}{{\text{n}}^{\text{c}}}$-structure. We give an alternative definition for ${{\theta }_{G}}$ and we express its variation as a linking number. We define a similar invariant ${{p}_{1}}$ of combings for manifolds bounded by ${{S}^{2}}$. We relate ${{p}_{1}}$ to the $\Theta$-invariant, which is the simplest configuration space integral invariant of rational homology 3-balls, by the formula $\Theta \,=\,\frac{1}{4}{{p}_{1}}\,+\,6\text{ }\!\!\lambda\!\!\text{ }\left( {\hat{M}} \right)$, where $\text{ }\!\!\lambda\!\!\text{ }$ is the Casson-Walker invariant. The article also includes a self-contained presentation of combings for 3-manifolds.

We show that the moduli space of parabolic bundles on the projective line and the polygon space are isomorphic, both as complex manifolds and as symplectic manifolds equipped with structures of completely integrable systems, if the stability parameters are small.

We construct one-parameter families of overconvergent Siegel–Hilbert modular forms. This result has applications to the construction of Galois representations for automorphic forms of non-cohomological weights.

In this paper, we give a tropical method for computing Gromov–Witten type invariants of Fano manifolds of special type. This method applies to those Fano manifolds that admit toric degenerations to toric Fano varieties with singularities allowing small resolutions. Examples include (generalized) flag manifolds of type $\text{A}$ and some moduli space of rank two bundles on a genus two curve.

We extend the classical notion of an outer action $\alpha $ of a group $G$ on a unital ring $A$ to the case when $\alpha $ is a partial action on ideals, all of which have local units. We show that if $\alpha $ is an outer partial action of an abelian group $G$, then its associated partial skew group ring $A\,{{\star }_{\alpha }}\,G$ is simple if and only if $A$ is $G$-simple. This result is applied to partial skew group rings associated with two different types of partial dynamical systems.

The work of Reid, Chinburg–Hamilton–Long–Reid, Prasad–Rapinchuk, and the author with Reid have demonstrated that geodesics or totally geodesic submanifolds can sometimes be used to determine the commensurability class of an arithmetic manifold. The main results of this article show that generalizations of these results to other arithmetic manifolds will require a wide range of data. Specifically, we prove that certain incommensurable arithmetic manifolds arising from the semisimple Lie groups of the form ${{\left( \text{SL(d,}\,\mathbf{R}) \right)}^{r}}\,\times \,{{\left( \text{SL(d,}\,\mathbf{C}) \right)}^{s}}$ have the same commensurability classes of totally geodesic submanifolds coming from a fixed field. This construction is algebraic and shows the failure of determining, in general, a central simple algebra from subalgebras over a fixed field. This, in turn, can be viewed in terms of forms of $\text{S}{{\text{L}}_{d}}$ and the failure of determining the form via certain classes of algebraic subgroups.

We study the Mahler measures of certain families of Laurent polynomials in two and three variables. Each of the known Mahler measure formulas for these families involves $L$–values of at most one newform and/or at most one quadratic character. In this paper we show, either rigorously or numerically, that the Mahler measures of some polynomials are related to $L$–values of multiple newforms and quadratic characters simultaneously. The results suggest that the number of modular $L$–values appearing in the formulas significantly depends on the shape of the algebraic value of the parameter chosen for each polynomial. As a consequence, we also obtain new formulas relating special values of hypergeometric series evaluated at algebraic numbers to special values of $L$–functions.

We prove an intrinsic equivalence between strong hypercontractivity and a strong logarithmic Sobolev inequality for the cone of logarithmically subharmonic ($\text{LSH}$) functions. We introduce a new large class of measures, Euclidean regular and exponential type, in addition to all compactly-supported measures, for which this equivalence holds. We prove a Sobolev density theorem through $\text{LSH}$ functions and use it to prove the equivalence of strong hypercontractivity and the strong logarithmic Sobolev inequality for such log-subharmonic functions.

We study the motion of a particle in the hyperbolic plane (embedded in Minkowski space), under the action of a potential that depends only on one variable. This problem is analogous to the spherical pendulum in a unidirectional force field. However, for the discussion of the hyperbolic plane one has to distinguish three inequivalent cases, depending on the direction of the force field. Symmetry reduction, with respect to groups that are not necessarily compact or even reductive, is carried out by way of Poisson varieties and Hilbert maps. For each case the dynamics is discussed, with special attention to linear potentials.

This paper is concerned with suitable generalizations of a plane de Jonquières map to higher dimensional space ${{\mathbb{P}}^{n}}$ with $n\,\ge \,3$. For each given point of ${{\mathbb{P}}^{n}}$ there is a subgroup of the entire Cremona group of dimension $n$ consisting of such maps. We study both geometric and group-theoretical properties of this notion. In the case where $n\,=\,3$ we describe an explicit set of generators of the group and give a homological characterization of a basic subgroup thereof.

In this paper, we study the explicit geography problem of irregular Gorenstein minimal 3-folds of general type. We generalize the classical Noether–Castelnuovo type inequalities for irregular surfaces to irregular 3-folds according to the Albanese dimension.

We consider Tate cycles on an Abelian variety $A$ defined over a sufficiently large number field $K$ and having complexmultiplication. We show that there is an effective bound $C\,=\,C(A,\,K)$ so that to check whether a given cohomology class is a Tate class on $A$, it suffices to check the action of Frobenius elements at primes $v$ of norm $\le \,C$. We also show that for a set of primes $v$ of $K$ of density 1, the space of Tate cycles on the special fibre ${{A}_{v}}$ of the Néron model of $A$ is isomorphic to the space of Tate cycles on $A$ itself.

Let $w$ be either in the Muckenhoupt class of ${{A}_{2}}\left( {{\mathbb{R}}^{n}} \right)$ weights or in the class of $QC\left( {{\mathbb{R}}^{n}} \right)$ weights, and let ${{L}_{w}}\,:=\,-{{w}^{-1}}\,\text{div}\left( A\nabla \right)$ be the degenerate elliptic operator on the Euclidean space ${{\mathbb{R}}^{n}}$, $n\,\ge \,2$. In this article, the authors establish the non-tangential maximal function characterization of the Hardy space $H_{{{L}_{w}}}^{p}\,\left( {{\mathbb{R}}^{n}} \right)$ associated with ${{L}_{w}}$ for $p\,\in \,(0,\,1]$, and when $p\,\in \,(\frac{n}{n+1},\,1]$ and $w\,\in \,{{A}_{{{q}_{0}}}}\left( {{\mathbb{R}}^{n}} \right)$ with ${{q}_{0}}\,\in \,[1,\,\frac{p(n+1)}{n})$, the authors prove that the associated Riesz transform $\nabla L_{w}^{-1/2}$ is bounded from $H_{{{L}_{w}}}^{p}\,\left( {{\mathbb{R}}^{n}} \right)$ to the weighted classical Hardy space $H_{w}^{p}\left( {{\mathbb{R}}^{n}} \right)$.

We elucidate the geometric background of function-theoretic properties for the Gauss maps of several classes of immersed surfaces in three-dimensional space forms, for example, minimal surfaces in Euclidean three-space, improper affine spheres in the affine three-space, and constant mean curvature one surfaces and flat surfaces in hyperbolic three-space. To achieve this purpose, we prove an optimal curvature bound for a specified conformal metric on an open Riemann surface and give some applications. We also provide unicity theorems for the Gauss maps of these classes of surfaces.

In this paper we develop a variational method for the Loewner equation in higher dimensions. As a result we obtain a version of Pontryagin’s maximum principle from optimal control theory for the Loewner equation in several complex variables. Based on recent work of Arosio, Bracci, and Wold, we then apply our version of the Pontryagin maximum principle to obtain first-order necessary conditions for the extremal mappings for a wide class of extremal problems over the set of normalized biholomorphic mappings on the unit ball in ${{\mathbb{C}}^{n}}$.

Let $F$ be a p-adic field of odd residual characteristic. Let $\overline{GS{{p}_{2n}}(F)}$ and $\overline{S{{p}_{2n}}(F)}$ be the metaplectic double covers of the general symplectic group and the symplectic group attached to the $2n$ dimensional symplectic space over $F$, respectively. Let $\sigma$ be a genuine, possibly reducible, unramified principal series representation of $\overline{GS{{p}_{2n}}(F)}$. In these notes we give an explicit formula for a spanning set for the space of Spherical Whittaker functions attached to $\sigma$. For odd $n$, and generically for even $n$, this spanning set is a basis. The significant property of this set is that each of its elements is unchanged under the action of the Weyl group of $\overline{S{{p}_{2n}}(F)}$. If $n$ is odd, then each element in the set has an equivariant property that generalizes a uniqueness result proved by Gelbart, Howe, and Piatetski-Shapiro.Using this symmetric set, we construct a family of reducible genuine unramified principal series representations that have more then one generic constituent. This family contains all the reducible genuine unramified principal series representations induced from a unitary data and exists only for $n$ even.