Book contents
- Frontmatter
- PREFACE
- Contents
- ART. 142 On the Maintenance of Vibrations by Forces of Double Frequency, and on the Propagation of Waves through a Medium endowed with a Periodic Structure
- ART. 143 On the Existence of Reflection when the Relative Refractive Index is Unity
- ART. 144 On the Stability or Instability of Certain Fluid Motions, II
- ART. 145 Diffraction of Sound
- ART. 146 On the Relative Densities of Hydrogen and Oxygen. (Preliminary Notice)
- ART. 147 On Point-, Line-, and Plane-Sources of Sound
- ART. 148 Wave Theory of Light
- ART. 149 On the Reflection of Light at a Twin Plane of a Crystal
- ART. 150 On the Remarkable Phenomenon of Crystalline Reflexion described by Prof. Stokes
- ART. 151 Is the Velocity of Light in an Electrolytic Liquid influenced by an Electric Current in the Direction of Propagation?
- ART. 152 On the Bending and Vibration of Thin Elastic Shells, especially of Cylindrical Form
- ART. 153 On the Composition of Water
- ART. 154 The History of the Doctrine of Radiant Energy
- ART. 155 Note on the Free Vibrations of an Infinitely Long Cylindrical Shell
- ART. 156 On the Free Vibrations of an Infinite Plate of Homogeneous Isotropic Elastic Matter
- ART. 157 On the Limit to Interference when Light is Radiated from Moving Molecules
- ART. 158 Iridescent Crystals
- ART. 159 The Sailing Flight of the Albatross
- ART. 160 On the Character of the Complete Radiation at a Given Temperature
- ART. 161 On the Visibility of Faint Interference-Bands
- ART. 162 On the Uniform Deformation in Two Dimensions of a Cylindrical Shell of Finite Thickness, with Application to the General Theory of Deformation of Thin Shells
- ART. 163 On Achromatic Interference-Bands
- ART. 164 On Bells
- ART. 165 The Clark Standard Cell
- ART. 166 On the Vibrations of an Atmosphere
- ART. 167 On the Tension of Recently Formed Liquid Surfaces
- ART. 168 Measurements of the Amount of Oil Necessary in Order to Check the Motions of Camphor upon Water
- ART. 169 Foam
- ART. 170 On the Superficial Viscosity of Water
- ART. 171 On Huygens's Gearing in Illustration of the Induction of Electric Currents
- ART. 172 The Bourdon Gauge
- ART. 173 On Defective Colour Vision
- ART. 174 Instantaneous Photographs of Water Jets
- ART. 175 On the Tension of Water Surfaces, Clean and Contaminated, Investigated by the Method of Ripples
- ART. 176 On the Theory of Surface Forces
- ART. 177 Clerk-Maxwell's Papers
- ART. 178 On Pin-Hole Photography
- ART. 179 Some Applications of Photography
- ART. 180 On the Sensitiveness of the Bridge Method in its Application to Periodic Electric Currents
- ART. 181 On Van der Waals' Treatment of Laplace's Pressure in the Virial Equation: Letters to Prof. Tait
- ART. 182 On the Virial of a System of Hard Colliding Bodies
- ART. 183 Dynamical Problems Illustration of the Theory of Gases
- ART. 184 Experiments in Aërodynamics. [Review of Langley's]
- ART. 185 On Reflexion from Liquid Surfaces in the Neighbourhood of the Polarizing Angle
- ART. 186 On the Theory of Surface Forces. II. Compressible Fluids
- ART. 187 On the Relative Densities of Hydrogen and Oxygen. II
- ART. 188 Superheated Steam
- ART. 189 Aberration
- ART. 190 Remarks on Maxwell's Investigation respecting Boltzmann's Theorem
- ART. 191 On the Physics of Media that are composed of Free and Perfectly Elastic Molecules in a State of Motion. [Introduction to Waterston's Memoir]
- ART. 192 Experiments upon Surface-Films
- ART. 193 On the Theory of Surface Forces. III.—Effect of Slight Contaminations
- ART. 194 On the Question of the Stability of the Flow of Fluids
- ART. 195 On the Instability of a Cylinder of Viscous Liquid under Capillary Force
- ART. 196 On the Instability of Cylindrical Fluid Surfaces
- Plate section
ART. 184 - Experiments in Aërodynamics. [Review of Langley's]
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 July 2011
Book contents
- Frontmatter
- PREFACE
- Contents
- ART. 142 On the Maintenance of Vibrations by Forces of Double Frequency, and on the Propagation of Waves through a Medium endowed with a Periodic Structure
- ART. 143 On the Existence of Reflection when the Relative Refractive Index is Unity
- ART. 144 On the Stability or Instability of Certain Fluid Motions, II
- ART. 145 Diffraction of Sound
- ART. 146 On the Relative Densities of Hydrogen and Oxygen. (Preliminary Notice)
- ART. 147 On Point-, Line-, and Plane-Sources of Sound
- ART. 148 Wave Theory of Light
- ART. 149 On the Reflection of Light at a Twin Plane of a Crystal
- ART. 150 On the Remarkable Phenomenon of Crystalline Reflexion described by Prof. Stokes
- ART. 151 Is the Velocity of Light in an Electrolytic Liquid influenced by an Electric Current in the Direction of Propagation?
- ART. 152 On the Bending and Vibration of Thin Elastic Shells, especially of Cylindrical Form
- ART. 153 On the Composition of Water
- ART. 154 The History of the Doctrine of Radiant Energy
- ART. 155 Note on the Free Vibrations of an Infinitely Long Cylindrical Shell
- ART. 156 On the Free Vibrations of an Infinite Plate of Homogeneous Isotropic Elastic Matter
- ART. 157 On the Limit to Interference when Light is Radiated from Moving Molecules
- ART. 158 Iridescent Crystals
- ART. 159 The Sailing Flight of the Albatross
- ART. 160 On the Character of the Complete Radiation at a Given Temperature
- ART. 161 On the Visibility of Faint Interference-Bands
- ART. 162 On the Uniform Deformation in Two Dimensions of a Cylindrical Shell of Finite Thickness, with Application to the General Theory of Deformation of Thin Shells
- ART. 163 On Achromatic Interference-Bands
- ART. 164 On Bells
- ART. 165 The Clark Standard Cell
- ART. 166 On the Vibrations of an Atmosphere
- ART. 167 On the Tension of Recently Formed Liquid Surfaces
- ART. 168 Measurements of the Amount of Oil Necessary in Order to Check the Motions of Camphor upon Water
- ART. 169 Foam
- ART. 170 On the Superficial Viscosity of Water
- ART. 171 On Huygens's Gearing in Illustration of the Induction of Electric Currents
- ART. 172 The Bourdon Gauge
- ART. 173 On Defective Colour Vision
- ART. 174 Instantaneous Photographs of Water Jets
- ART. 175 On the Tension of Water Surfaces, Clean and Contaminated, Investigated by the Method of Ripples
- ART. 176 On the Theory of Surface Forces
- ART. 177 Clerk-Maxwell's Papers
- ART. 178 On Pin-Hole Photography
- ART. 179 Some Applications of Photography
- ART. 180 On the Sensitiveness of the Bridge Method in its Application to Periodic Electric Currents
- ART. 181 On Van der Waals' Treatment of Laplace's Pressure in the Virial Equation: Letters to Prof. Tait
- ART. 182 On the Virial of a System of Hard Colliding Bodies
- ART. 183 Dynamical Problems Illustration of the Theory of Gases
- ART. 184 Experiments in Aërodynamics. [Review of Langley's]
- ART. 185 On Reflexion from Liquid Surfaces in the Neighbourhood of the Polarizing Angle
- ART. 186 On the Theory of Surface Forces. II. Compressible Fluids
- ART. 187 On the Relative Densities of Hydrogen and Oxygen. II
- ART. 188 Superheated Steam
- ART. 189 Aberration
- ART. 190 Remarks on Maxwell's Investigation respecting Boltzmann's Theorem
- ART. 191 On the Physics of Media that are composed of Free and Perfectly Elastic Molecules in a State of Motion. [Introduction to Waterston's Memoir]
- ART. 192 Experiments upon Surface-Films
- ART. 193 On the Theory of Surface Forces. III.—Effect of Slight Contaminations
- ART. 194 On the Question of the Stability of the Flow of Fluids
- ART. 195 On the Instability of a Cylinder of Viscous Liquid under Capillary Force
- ART. 196 On the Instability of Cylindrical Fluid Surfaces
- Plate section
Summary
The subject of this memoir is of especial interest at the present time, when the skill of a distinguished inventor is understood to be engaged in attacking the many practical difficulties which lie in the way of artificial flight upon a large scale. For a long time the resistance of fluids formed an unsatisfactory chapter in our treatises on hydrodynamics. According to the early suggestions of Newton, the resistances are (1) proportional to the surfaces of the solid bodies acted upon, to the densities of the fluids, and to the squares of the velocities: while (2) “the direct impulse of a fluid on a plane surface is to its absolute oblique impulse on the same surface as the square of the radius to the square of the sine of the angle of incidence.” The author of the work from which these words are quoted, in comparing the above statements with the experimental results available in his time (1822), remarks:—“(1) It is very consonant to experiment that the resistances are proportional to the squares of the velocities.… (2) It appears from a comparison of all the experiments, that the impulses and resistances are very nearly in the proportion of the surfaces.… (3) The resistances do by no means vary in the duplicate ratio of the sines of the angle of incidence.” And he subsequently states that for small angles the resistances are more nearly proportional to the sines of incidence than to their squares.
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- Information
- Scientific Papers , pp. 491 - 495Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2009First published in: 1902