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Relative to processed red meat, alternative protein sources are associated with a lower risk of hypertension and diabetes in a prospective cohort of French women

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 September 2022

Uyen Thao ,
Martin Lajous ,
Nasser Laouali ,
Gianluca Severi ,
Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault  and
Conor James MacDonald Open the ORCID record for Conor James MacDonald [Opens in a new window]
Uyen Thao
Affiliation:
University Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), “Exposome and Heredity” team, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France Université de Bordeaux, CHU Lille, EA 2694 - Santé publique: épidémiologie et qualité des soins, F-59000 Lille, France
Martin Lajous
Affiliation:
Center for Research on Population Health, INSP (Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública), Cuernavaca, México Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
Nasser Laouali
Affiliation:
University Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), “Exposome and Heredity” team, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
Gianluca Severi
Affiliation:
University Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), “Exposome and Heredity” team, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France Department of Statistics, Computer Science, and Applications, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault
Affiliation:
University Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), “Exposome and Heredity” team, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
Conor James MacDonald*
Affiliation:
University Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), “Exposome and Heredity” team, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
*
*Corresponding author: Conor James MacDonald, email conor.macdonald@gustaveroussy.fr
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Abstract

Many dietary guidelines recommend restricting the consumption of processed red meat (PRM) in favour of healthier foods such as fish, to reduce the risk of chronic conditions such as hypertension and diabetes. The objective of this study was to estimate the potential effect of replacing PRM for fatty fish, lean fish, red meat, eggs, pulses, or vegetables, on the risk of incident hypertension and diabetes. This was a prospective study of women in the E3N cohort study. Cases of diabetes and hypertension were based on self-report, specific questionnaires, and drug reimbursements. In the main analysis, information on regular dietary intake was assessed with a single food history questionaire, and food substitutions were modelled using cox proportional hazard models. 95 % confidence intervals were generated via bootstrapping. 71 081 women free of diabetes and 45 771 women free of hypertension were followed for an average of 18·7 and 18·3 years, respectively. 2681 incident cases of diabetes and 12 327 incident cases of hypertension were identified. Relative to PRM, fatty fish was associated with a 15 % lower risk of diabetes (HR = 0·85, 95 CI (0·73, 0·97)) and hypertension (HR = 0 85 (0·79, 0·91)). Between 3 and 10 % lower risk of hypertension or diabetes was also observed when comparing PRM with vegetables, unprocessed red meat or pulses. Relative to PRM, alternative protein sources such as fatty fish, unprocessed red meat, vegetables or pulses was associated with a lower risk of hypertension and diabetes.

Keywords

Processed red meatFishSubstitutionsHypertensionDiabetes
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 129 , Issue 11 , 14 June 2023 , pp. 1964 - 1975
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Nutrition Society

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