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12 results

  • Postoperative delirium and its relationship with biomarkers for dementia: a meta-analysis
  • Sophia Wang, Ryan Greene, Yiqing Song, Carol Chan, Heidi Lindroth, Sikandar Khan, Gabriel Rios, Robert D. Sanders, Babar Khan
  • Journal: International Psychogeriatrics / Volume 34 / Issue 4 / April 2022
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 17 January 2022, pp. 377-390
  • View abstract
    Objectives

    This study seeks to identify Alzheimer’s and related dementias (ADRD) biomarkers associated with postoperative delirium (POD) via meta-analysis.

    Design:

    A comprehensive search was conducted. Studies met the following inclusion criteria: >18 years of age, identified POD with standardized assessment, and biomarker measured in the AT(N)-X (A = amyloid, T = tau, (N)=neurodegeneration, X-Other) framework. Exclusion criteria: focus on prediction of delirium, delirium superimposed on dementia, other neurologic or psychiatric disorders, or terminal delirium. Reviewers extracted and synthesized data for the meta-analysis.

    Setting:

    Meta-analysis.

    Participants:

    Patients with POD.

    Measurements:

    Primary outcome: association between POD and ATN-X biomarkers. Secondary outcomes involved sample heterogeneity.

    Results

    28 studies were included in this meta-analysis. Studies focused on inflammatory and neuronal injury biomarkers; there were an insufficient number of studies for amyloid and tau biomarker analysis. Two inflammatory biomarkers (IL-6, and CRP) showed a significant relationship with POD (IL-6 n = 10, standardized mean difference (SMD): 0.53, 95% CI: 0.36–0.70; CRP n = 14, SMD: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.33–0.74). Two neuronal injury biomarkers (blood-based S100B and NfL) were positively associated with POD (S100B n = 5, SMD: 0.40, 95% CI: 0.11–0.69; NFL n = 2, SMD: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.28–1.57). Of note, many analyses were impacted by significant study heterogeneity.

    Conclusions

    This meta-analysis identified an association between certain inflammatory and neuronal injury biomarkers and POD. Future studies will need to corroborate these relationships and include amyloid and tau biomarkers in order to better understand the relationship between POD and ADRD.

  • 17 - Hydrogel scaffolds for regenerative medicine
  • from Part III - Hydrogel scaffolds for regenerative medicine
  • Edited by Peter X. Ma, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
  • Book: Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine
  • Published online: 05 February 2015
  • Print publication: 24 July 2014, pp 295-316
  • View extract

    Summary

    Introduction

    Some strategies in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) rely on the use of an appropriate biomaterial to guide and foster tissue repair and regeneration. Collagen-based materials are perhaps the most widely investigated of these biomaterials because collagen is the primary structural protein responsible for tissue integrity in most tissues [1]. Collagen gels offer several advantages as a scaffolding material, including the ability to deliver a homogeneous distribution of entrapped cells into a specific geometry and excellent biocompatibility and transport properties [2]. However, collagen does have some disadvantages, including suppression of cell proliferation and protein synthesis [3, 4], issues that can limit the quality of the engineered tissue produced.

    An alternative biopolymer that shares similar properties to collagen is fibrin. Fibrin is a natural biopolymer involved in the wound-healing process, and it forms the provisional matrix of a clot. It rapidly polymerizes to form a biocompatible and biodegradable fibrous scaffold that promotes cell proliferation and ECM synthesis. Another attractive property of fibrin is that its precursor (fibrinogen) can be extracted from the patient’s blood, making it an autologous material. In this chapter we will review the properties of fibrin and fibrin-based engineered tissues and how these materials are being incorporated into TERM technologies.

  • The persistence of warps
  • Allan D. Tubbs, Robert H. Sanders
  • Journal: Symposium - International Astronomical Union / Volume 84 / 1979
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 14 August 2015, pp. 511-512
  • Print publication: 1979
    • Article
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  • View extract

    Hunter and Toomre (1969) have demonstrated that a simple warp of a stellar disk will damp out within one or two galactic rotation periods due to rapid differential recession of stellar orbits. If, however, the galactic gravitational field is more nearly spherically symmetric, the rate of differential recession is decreased and the warp may persist for a longer time. We therefore propose that the observed gaseous warps exist in regions outside of the massive stellar disk; that is, in regions where the gravitational field is essentially spherically symmetric. A necessary condition of this hypothesis is that long-lived warps are present only in a low mass, low random velocity component of the galaxy – presumably the gas.