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  • Transdiagnostic indicators predict developmental changes in cognitive control resting-state networks

  • Giorgia Picci, Nathan M. Petro, Jake J. Son, Oktay Agcaoglu, Jacob A. Eastman, Yu-Ping Wang, Julia M. Stephen, Vince D. Calhoun, Brittany K. Taylor, Tony W. Wilson
  • Journal: Development and Psychopathology , First View
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 24 August 2023, pp. 1-11

  • Over the past decade, transdiagnostic indicators in relation to neurobiological processes have provided extensive insight into youth’s risk for psychopathology. During development, exposure to childhood trauma and dysregulation (i.e., so-called AAA symptomology: anxiety, aggression, and attention problems) puts individuals at a disproportionate risk for developing psychopathology and altered network-level neural functioning. Evidence for the latter has emerged from resting-state fMRI studies linking mental health symptoms and aberrations in functional networks (e.g., cognitive control (CCN), default mode networks (DMN)) in youth, although few of these investigations have used longitudinal designs. Herein, we leveraged a three-year longitudinal study to identify whether traumatic exposures and concomitant dysregulation trigger changes in the developmental trajectories of resting-state functional networks involved in cognitive control (N = 190; 91 females; time 1 Mage = 11.81). Findings from latent growth curve analyses revealed that greater trauma exposure predicted increasing connectivity between the CCN and DMN across time. Greater levels of dysregulation predicted reductions in within-network connectivity in the CCN. These findings presented in typically developing youth corroborate connectivity patterns reported in clinical populations, suggesting there is predictive utility in using transdiagnostic indicators to forecast alterations in resting-state networks implicated in psychopathology.

  • Increased violence and aggression levels during the SARS-Cov-2 pandemic; data from three London acute psychiatric inpatient facilities.

  • S. Bonaccorso, O. Ajnakina, A. Ricciardi, S. Ouabbou, J. Wilson, C. Theleritis, M. Badhan, A. Metastasio, N. Stewart, M. Barczyck, F. Johansson, T. Tharmaraja, F. Schifano
  • Journal: European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 19 July 2023, p. S908
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  • Introduction

    The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted mental health services, with the literature reporting an increase in the incidence of psychiatric admissions.

    Objectives

    The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the pandemic on clinical presentations, characteristics of admission and incidents occurring in three acute inpatient mental health facilities in the UK.

    Methods

    This was a retrospective study comparing data from the first and third UK lockdown to the five years prior to the pandemic. Data was acquired from electronic clinical records and addressed two acute psychiatric inpatient wards and one psychiatric intensive care unit. Key outcomes of comparison were clinical presentations, number of admissions, length of hospital stay, number of incidents and characteristics of incidents.

    Results

    Compared to the previous 5 years, a higher number of incidents characterized by violence and aggression were reported during the first (56.8% vs 44.3%, x2=16.56, df=1, p<0.001) and third lockdown (100.0% vs 86.2%, x2=36.40, df=1, p<0.001). An increase in non-psychotic disorders was observed in the first lockdown (20.0% vs 13.1%, x2=4.76, df=1, p=0.029), whilst increased first episode psychosis (19.7% vs 11.3%, x2=8.1, df=1, p=0.004) and schizophrenia spectrum disorders (74.4% vs 57.2%, x2= 7.6, df=1, p=0.006) were diagnosed during the third lockdown. There were no significant changes in the diagnosis of mood disorders in both lockdowns compared to previously. The median length of inpatient stay significantly reduced during the first lockdown (28 days vs 36 days, x2= 7.66, df=1, p=0.006).

    Conclusions

    Increased inpatient incidents may be explained by the impact of the pandemic on staffing levels and resources, combined with increased emotional distress amongst patients in the face of uncertainty. The pandemic may have increased substance misuse potentially linked with the increased incidence of first episode psychosis.

    Disclosure of Interest

    S. Bonaccorso: None Declared, O. Ajnakina: None Declared, A. Ricciardi: None Declared, S. Ouabbou: None Declared, J. Wilson: None Declared, C. Theleritis: None Declared, M. Badhan: None Declared, A. Metastasio: None Declared, N. Stewart: None Declared, M. Barczyck: None Declared, F. Johansson: None Declared, T. Tharmaraja: None Declared, F. Schifano Speakers bureau of: Prof. Fabrizio Schifano is a member of the European Medical Agency

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