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217 results

Page 1 of 11

  • A multiplex PCR for the identification of Echinococcus multilocularis, E. granulosus sensu stricto and E. canadensis that infect human
  • Fan Chen, Lei Liu, Qili He, Yan Huang, Wentao Wang, Guo Zhou, Wenjie Yu, Wei He, Qi Wang, Guangjia Zhang, Sha Liao, Ruirui Li, Liu Yang, Renxin Yao, Qian Wang, Bo Zhong
  • Journal: Parasitology , First View
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 16 July 2019, pp. 1-7
  • View abstract

    Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto (s.s.), Echinococcus multilocularis and Echinococcus canadensis are the common causes of human echinococcosis in China. An accurate species identification tool for human echinococcosis is needed as the treatments and prognosis are different among species. The present work demonstrates a method for the simultaneous detection of these three Echinococcus species based on multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR). Specific primers of this mPCR were designed based on the mitochondrial genes and determined by extensive tests. The method can successfully detect either separated or mixed target species, and generate expected amplicons of distinct size for each species. Sensitivity of the method was tested by serially diluted DNA, showing a detection threshold as less as 0.32 pg for both E. granulosus s.s. and E. canadensis, and 1.6 pg for E. multilocularis. Specificity assessed against 18 other parasites was found to be 100% except weakly cross-react with E. shiquicus. The assay was additionally applied to 69 echinococcosis patients and 38 healthy persons, confirming the high reliability of the method. Thus, the mPCR described here has high application potential for clinical identification purposes, and can further provide a useful tool for evaluation of serology and imaging method.

  • Who will benefit from computerized cognitive remediation therapy? Evidence from a multisite randomized controlled study in schizophrenia
  • Shuping Tan, Xiaolin Zhu, Hongzhen Fan, Yunlong Tan, Fude Yang, Zhiren Wang, Yanli Zhao, Fengmei Fan, Junhua Guo, Zhanjiang Li, Wenxiang Quan, Xiangqun Wang, Clare Reeder, Dongfeng Zhou, Yizhuang Zou, Til Wykes
  • Journal: Psychological Medicine , First View
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 12 July 2019, pp. 1-11
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  • View abstract
    Background

    Computerized cognitive remediation therapy (CCRT) is generally effective for the cognitive deficits of schizophrenia. However, there is much uncertainty about what factors mediate or moderate effectiveness and are therefore important to personalize treatment and boost its effects.

    Method

    In total, 311 Chinese inpatients with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV schizophrenia were randomized to receive CCRT or Active control for 12 weeks with four to five sessions per week. All participants were assessed at baseline, post-treatment and 3-month follow-up. The outcomes were cognition, clinical symptoms and functional outcomes.

    Results

    There was a significant benefit in the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) total score for CCRT (F1,258 = 5.62; p = 0.02; effect size was 0.27, 95% confidence interval 0.04–0.49). There were no specific moderators of CCRT improvements. However, across both groups, Wisconsin Card Sort Test improvement mediated a positive effect on functional capacity and Digit Span benefit mediated decreases in positive symptoms. In exploratory analyses younger and older participants showed cognitive improvements but on different tests (younger on Symbol Coding Test, while older on the Spatial Span Test). Only the older age group showed MSCEIT benefits at post-treatment. In addition, cognition at baseline negatively correlated with cognitive improvement and those whose MCCB baseline total score was around 31 seem to derive the most benefit.

    Conclusions

    CCRT can improve the cognitive function of patients with schizophrenia. Changes in cognitive outcomes also contributed to improvements in functional outcomes either directly or solely in the context of CCRT. Age and the basic cognitive level of the participants seem to affect the cognitive benefits from CCRT.

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