Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
  1. Home
  2. Publications
  3. Publishing partners
  4. Facet Publishing
  5. Content Listing

Refine listing

Refine listing

Access:
Content type:
Publication date:
Apply   From and To filters
Subject: Show more
Journals Show more
Publishers: Show more
Societies Show more
Series: Show more
Collections: Show more

Actions for selected content:

Select all | Deselect all
  • View selected items
  • Export citations
  • Download PDF (zip)
  • Save to Kindle
  • Save to Dropbox
  • Save to Google Drive

Save Search

You can save your searches here and later view and run them again in "My saved searches".

Please provide a title, maximum of 40 characters.
Cancel
×

5856 results in Facet Publishing

Page 179 of 293

  • 1 - Changing ways of sharing research in chemistry

  • from Part 1 - Changing researcher behaviour
  • Edited by Deborah Shorley, Michael Jubb
  • Book:
    The Future of Scholarly Communication
    Published by:
    Facet
    Published online:
    08 June 2018
    Print publication:
    31 March 2013, pp 3-24

  • Summary

    ABSTRACT

    The challenges of sharing research in chemistry are introduced via the molecule and how its essential information features might be formalized. The review then covers a period of around 33 years, describing how scientists used to share information about the molecule, and how that sharing has evolved during a period that has seen the widespread introduction of several disruptive technologies. These include e-mail and its now ubiquitous attachment, the world wide web and its modern expression via blogs and wikis. The review describes how digital documents have similarly evolved during this period, acquiring in some cases digital rights management, metadata and most recently an existence in the cloud. The review also describes how the dissemination of digital research data has also changed dramatically, the most recent innovation being data repositories, and speculates what the future of sharing research via the latest disruptive technology, tablets, might be.

    Introduction

    Chemistry is widely considered to stand at the crossroads of many disciplines, with signposts to molecular, life, materials, polymer, environmental and computer sciences, as well as to physics and mathematics, and even art and design. To collaborate and share research data and ideas across these areas, research scientists must strive (and do not always succeed) to find common languages to express their intended concepts. In reality, even different scientific dialects can be a challenge, since the semantics of multi-disciplinary areas of research are rarely defined accurately or fully enough for people to cope with the ambiguities and subtleties. The modern digital information age has promised a revolutionary approach to these challenges, the latest incarnations being the formation of social networks to facilitate the interaction. This chapter will present a perspective on some of these aspects from my personal point of view as a research chemist. There are many crossroads at which one could stand: I can only follow the sage advice of Yogi Berra: ‘When one comes to a fork in the road one should take it’! Here I will take the fork to molecular sciences.

  • 10 - The view of the research funder

  • from Part 2 - Other players: roles and responsibilities
  • Edited by Deborah Shorley, Michael Jubb
  • Book:
    The Future of Scholarly Communication
    Published by:
    Facet
    Published online:
    08 June 2018
    Print publication:
    31 March 2013, pp 131-144

  • Summary

    ABSTRACT

    This chapter considers the benefits of Open Access (OA), the challenges that still persist – especially in terms of compliance with funders’ policies – and the costs and sustainability of OA publishing, with particular reference to the work of the Wellcome Trust since 2005. To provide context to the Trust's initiatives, a brief analysis of the OA landscape in the UK, Europe and beyond is also provided. The chapter also discusses the rationale behind the development of eLife, the new OA journal developed by the Wellcome Trust in collaboration with the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the Max Planck Society. Introduction

    A study in 2011 estimated that for every $ that the US government invested in the human genome project, $141 of economic activity was generated. As one of the sponsors study observed, ‘from a simple return on investment, the financial stake made in mapping the entire human genome is clearly one of the best uses of taxpayer dollars the U.S. government has ever made’.

    This single example demonstrates the benefits that can be reaped from open content, and explains why it is logical for research funders to develop policies that require the outputs of the research they fund to be made freely available, for both humans and machines to read and make use of. Stated simply, it makes absolutely no sense from a return-on-investment perspective for a funder to invest in research but then allow the outputs of that research – most typically the research articles published in peerreviewed journals – to remain hidden behind publishers’ pay walls.

    With reference to the work of the Wellcome Trust, this chapter considers the benefits of Open Access (OA), the challenges that still persist – especially in terms of compliance with funders’ policies – and the costs and sustainability of OA publishing. To provide context to the Trust's initiatives, a brief analysis of the OA landscape in the UK, Europe and beyond will also be provided. The chapter will also discuss the rationale behind the development of eLife, the new OA journal developed by the Wellcome Trust in collaboration with the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the Max Planck Society.

  • Afterword: An information society?

  • John Feather
  • Book:
    The Information Society
    Published by:
    Facet
    Published online:
    08 June 2018
    Print publication:
    31 March 2013, pp 201-206

  • Summary

    It may seem strange at this stage to put a question mark at the end of the title of this last section. There is, however, a real question to be answered. Throughout this book, there has been an emphasis on fundamental continuities as well as profound change. The step from cuneiform to computer was a huge one, encompassing almost the whole consciously recorded history of mankind, and yet in another sense it was not so great. Our remote ancestors who recorded their activities and tried to control their systems of government were responding to the same instincts and imperatives that still drive us today. We have developed previously unimaginable technologies, and new techniques to accompany them, and perhaps we are more systematic in our approach to our use of them, but is the change really more significant than the continuity? If ours is an ‘information society’, was not the same true of ancient Babylon?

    Implicit in the use of the phrase is the suggestion that the information society is a product of the use of computers and other electronic and audiovisual media. In this narrower sense, change has clearly been fundamental. Devices that are now part of our everyday lives – telephones, televisions, computers – were invented within the last 100 years or so and have clearly transformed the way we live and work. That transformation took place within a timescale as short as a decade in many aspects of office management, telecommunications and some forms of television broadcasting. It will continue, for there is every reason to suppose that the pace of change in the immediate future will be as fast as it has been in the immediate past. Indeed, experience and historical precedent would suggest that the pace will, if anything, increase.

    Much of this book has been concerned with the consequences of these changes. We have traced the development and impact of a market-place in which information and the media that carry it are commodities to be traded between suppliers and consumers. We have considered some of the social and political issues that have arisen out of the existence of the market-place and the demand for information that created and sustains it. Some of these issues are new, but many are old, although they have been redefined as a consequence of technological innovation.

  • 7 - Managing risks and avoiding disaster

  • Helen Forde, Jonathan Rhys-Lewis
  • Book:
    Preserving Archives
    Published by:
    Facet
    Published online:
    09 June 2018
    Print publication:
    31 March 2013, pp 99-122

  • Summary

    Introduction

    Disaster planning is truly not for the faint of heart.

    (Wellheiser and Scott, 2002, iv)

    Avoiding disaster is an aspiration shared by many archives but disasters are adequately guarded against by few. Even after well over 20 years of publicity about the benefits of taking precautions, the value of risk assessment and the ultimate cost to an organization that suffers a disaster, embryo plans still lie unfinished, staff are still untrained and mutual help partnerships have not been forged. Articles, websites and manuals abound, but taking the first initiative still appears to be difficult in too many archives, as the above quotation hints. Little recognition is given by those in responsible positions to the long-term damage that could be caused by a disaster, not only to the documents in physical terms but also in terms of the effect on the staff, the users and the depositors. For businesses the result can be catastrophic; why should it be any different for archives?

    This chapter includes:

  • • the reasons for developing disaster planning

  • • definitions

  • • responsibilities

  • • priorities for salvage

  • • development of a disaster control plan

  • • implementation of the plan

  • • insurance

  • • partnerships.

    • Why undertake an ‘operation-hope-not’?

    The goals must be clear to all those involved, otherwise confusion will take over. They include:

  • • knowing, assessing and mitigating risk

  • • the maintenance of service

  • • avoiding or minimizing loss and damage to the holdings

  • • knowing who to call on for necessary assistance.

    • Recent experiences in many countries have emphasized the value of speedy recovery of information to those whose vital records have been in a disaster. But the success of these operations depends on the professional skills of those brought in to rescue the documentation. It must be remembered that a disaster is a disaster; it is not going to be cheap or easy to return to the previous status quo.

    Flood disaster recovery, York, UK

    Unprecedented flooding in the autumn of 2000 resulted in vital files being inundated but then rescued and air-dried at the Borthwick Institute of Historical Research, in order to allow the owners to resume business as fast as possible. The successful elements of the operation included

    • a good understanding of the needs of the stricken organization

    • adaptable planning and innovative solutions.

  • 4 - Archive buildings and their characteristics

  • Helen Forde, Jonathan Rhys-Lewis
  • Book:
    Preserving Archives
    Published by:
    Facet
    Published online:
    09 June 2018
    Print publication:
    31 March 2013, pp 41-58

  • Summary

    Introduction

    Archive buildings are the first stage of protection for the materials kept within them and, as such, are crucial in ensuring survival. Archive buildings, of greater and lesser complexity, have been developed from this basic premise all over the world, adapted to differing climates and the needs of the archives themselves. The importance of understanding the need to build them in the right place, of constructing them in an appropriate way, and of employing experienced practitioners to minimize the threats posed to fragile materials, cannot be overestimated. Likewise, the issues surrounding the adaptation of buildings for use as archives must be appreciated and considered.

    This chapter looks at:

  • • the ways in which archive buildings have developed internationally and in the UK in particular

  • • issues to consider before constructing an archive or adapting an old building

  • • how to get ideas over to an architect

  • • exterior and interior layouts and specifications.

    • How has the concept of archive buildings developed?

    Continuity of custody in secure ownership constitutes the fundamental guarantee of archival authenticity. Hence, security has always been at the forefront of all decisions on the storage of archival material. This is obvious from the choice of storage places over time – for example, the Qumran caves in which the Dead Sea Scrolls (from 200 BC) were hidden, the massive bronze chests in the Forbidden Palace in Beijing in which documents of the Chinese dynasties were stored from the 15th century, and the construction of the Lyndon B. Johnson Museum and Library to house presidential papers of the 20th century. The concept that a building must also be attractive to users and staff is of more recent origin, and has been achievable partly as a result of applying modern technology, including electronic security. This change also mirrors the recognition that public archives are the documents of the people, who have a right to access information and to consult both historic and contemporary documents.

    How did archive buildings develop in the UK?

    Keeping the documents of the Crown, and subsequently of central government, safe was a major concern in the UK from the time of the Norman Conquest in 1066.

  • 5 - Cybertaxonomy

  • from Part 1 - Changing researcher behaviour
  • Edited by Deborah Shorley, Michael Jubb
  • Book:
    The Future of Scholarly Communication
    Published by:
    Facet
    Published online:
    08 June 2018
    Print publication:
    31 March 2013, pp 63-74

  • Summary

    ABSTRACT

    The way taxonomic information is created, tested, accessed, thought about and used is changing dramatically with the application of information and communications technologies (ICTs). This cyber-enabled taxonomy is not only changing the efficiency and work practices of taxonomists, but also changing ways of disseminating taxonomic data, and, arguably, the very nature of taxonomic knowledge. In this chapter I examine some of the major outputs of taxonomic research; how ICTs are affecting their production, dissemination and reuse; and common impediments to further progress, including a lack of incentives to build, sustain and populate appropriate infrastructures.

    Introduction

    Biological taxonomy and systematics is one of the oldest scientific disciplines. It aims to explore, discover, characterize, name and classify species; to study their evolutionary relationships; and to map their geographic distributions and ecological associations. Taxonomy draws on information from many disciplines in order to build a coherent picture of the extent and trajectory of life on earth. This is currently enshrined in an estimated 5.4 million volumes (circa 800,000 monographs and 40,000 journal titles) published on natural history since 1469.

    Cybertaxonomy is a contraction of ‘cyber-enabled taxonomy’ and involves the application of information and communications technologies (ICTs) to taxonomy. It shares the traditional goals of taxonomy but uses non-traditional hardware, software, instrumentation, communication tools and work practices, bringing information science and technologies to bear on the data and information generated by the study of organisms, their genes and their interactions.

    In this short review I highlight areas where cybertaxonomy is transforming taxonomic practice, particularly in the collection, management, synthesis and dissemination of taxonomic works. This transformation has the potential to provide unprecedented global access to information on biological species and their role in nature. The full realization of this potential requires a number of further technical advances, where progress is being made; but also cultural change, where progress may be harder to achieve.

    Taxonomic names and checklists

    The names by which organisms are known are the basis for communication about them. Almost all information relating to organisms is given context by scientific names. When due allowance is made for problems such as homonymy, synonymy, orthographic variation and the dynamic relationships of names (as text character strings) and concepts (sets of organisms represented by names), names offer a nearcomprehensive system of metadata by which to index and organize biodiversity information.

  • 12 - The role of the research library

  • from Part 2 - Other players: roles and responsibilities
  • Edited by Deborah Shorley, Michael Jubb
  • Book:
    The Future of Scholarly Communication
    Published by:
    Facet
    Published online:
    08 June 2018
    Print publication:
    31 March 2013, pp 157-168

  • Summary

    ABSTRACT

    Research libraries see themselves as being in the forefront of moves to extend, exploit and promote new forms of scholarly communication. The advent of the digital environment has created new opportunities for librarians to act as protagonists, advocates and innovators. The role of research librarians now extends beyond being facilitators, brokers and guardians, to working as champions of change for the benefit of the whole research community. Nationally and internationally, libraries are engaged in collaborative initiatives to find the best ways to support the research process and extend affordable access to the rapidly growing volume of resources that is now available. This chapter reviews the role of research libraries in responding to an increasingly complex research environment, and the response of libraries to the acceleration of digital publishing, escalating costs and the long-term preservation needs of research outputs, as well as their positioning in the debates on Open Access and research data management. Research libraries are bringing knowledge and professional expertise to the task of enhancing the effectiveness of the research environment, which is placing them in the role of advocates and service integrators. The success of this activity has been underpinned by a strengthening of the natural tendency of research libraries to form strong collaborative networks that can share knowledge, pursue joint initiatives and work co-operatively.

    Introduction

    Research libraries see themselves as being in the forefront of moves to extend, exploit and promote new forms of scholarly communication. This is not surprising, since their position as guardians of the scholarly record stretches back centuries, and libraries have often combined long-term perspectives with a commitment to innovation. The advent of the digital environment has created new opportunities for librarians to act as protagonists, advocates and innovators. The role of research librarians now extends beyond being facilitators, brokers and guardians, to working with other stakeholders as champions of change for the benefit of the whole research community.

    The pace of change in the landscape of scholarly communication has created both significant opportunities and interesting challenges. The adoption of whole new areas of activity has transformed the way that research libraries position themselves.

  • 1 - Introducing archive preservation

  • Helen Forde, Jonathan Rhys-Lewis
  • Book:
    Preserving Archives
    Published by:
    Facet
    Published online:
    09 June 2018
    Print publication:
    31 March 2013, pp 1-4

  • Summary

    Introduction

    Preservation of archives is the means by which the survival of selected material is ensured for enduring access. Perceptions that archivists preserved materials just for the sake of it are out of date and incorrect, if indeed they were ever correct; preservation and access are two parts of the same mission. Without sustained preservation activity it would not be possible to satisfy the myriad of users worldwide who beat a path to the door of archives and record offices, or who search for information on the web. Using archives has become a popular pastime for young and old, whether they are researching family history, requesting information under Freedom of Information Acts or pursuing historical facts. This increasing trend is unlikely to reverse and more than ever organizations must ensure that the material will be available, not only to the current generation but also to those of the future. Organizations must, as a matter of policy, look beyond their immediate requirements and utilize strategies and techniques to ensure that the originals, or if that is impossible the information contained in them, will be available for as long as needed. This book is designed to give readers the tools to manage preservation issues; it is not a manual on how to cope with every eventuality as these differ widely and advice for one archive might be quite inappropriate for another. Alongside this is the key intention; to act as a lead and guide for the varying needs, questions and research of fellow professionals charged with the responsibility of preservation.

    How has the relationship between conservation and

    preservation developed?

    Once, looking after documents was within the remit of all curatorial members of staff, many of whom no doubt undertook basic repairs to the best of their rather limited ability. In the 1950s and 1960s archive conservation began to develop as a distinct skill – one which, given their increasing responsibilities in other directions, curators were happy to cede to conservators. At that time conservation was a wide-reaching term embracing many aspects of what is now included under the umbrella of preservation. Since then, those employed as archive conservators have become specialists in the intervention techniques required to stabilize badly damaged material.

  • Preface

  • Edited by Deborah Shorley, Michael Jubb
  • Book:
    The Future of Scholarly Communication
    Published by:
    Facet
    Published online:
    08 June 2018
    Print publication:
    31 March 2013, pp v-v

  • Summary

    Scholarly communication is in ferment. The Future of Scholarly Communication aims to provide an overview of this huge and complex topic, and to identify and evaluate current and future trends.

    The process of generating, publishing and disseminating academic research is (maybe needlessly?) complex, so in selecting our contributors we have sought to include players from as broad a spectrum as possible. Of course the different players reflect different interests: some seek to protect the status quo; others are determined to disrupt it. In any case, the stakes are high.

    This debate plays out on a global stage, and no country can manage its scholarly communication in isolation. So, while the contributors to this volume are mostly from the UK, we charged them with taking the broad view. We are grateful to them all for their wide-ranging and thoughtful contributions.

    Only the foolish would dare to predict exactly what the future holds for scholarly communication. But one thing is certain: it is far too important to leave to chance.

  • 3 - Researchers and scholarly communications: an evolving interdependency

  • from Part 1 - Changing researcher behaviour
  • Edited by Deborah Shorley, Michael Jubb
  • Book:
    The Future of Scholarly Communication
    Published by:
    Facet
    Published online:
    08 June 2018
    Print publication:
    31 March 2013, pp 39-50

  • Summary

    ABSTRACT

    Scholarly communication is not just about communication. It is not the final stage of the publication process, solely a means of providing the ‘minutes of science’. Rather, it is a vital part of the research process itself, inspiring researchers along new avenues of discovery and enabling the creation of connections between concepts and people. The ways in which researchers disseminate their research have changed and developed over the four centuries since the launch of the first scientific journals. But it can be argued that scholarly communication has in turn affected the way in which researchers behave. This chapter explores some of the interaction and interdependencies between researchers and scholarly communication. It also describes how the move to online, electronic publishing might further influence the research process.

    Introduction

    We tend to think of the history of scholarly journal publishing as an unbroken thread of consistent activity since the founding of the first journals. In reality, journals have changed in many ways over the past 350 odd years, and so has the research environment. It may be obvious that publishing activity will alter in order to reflect changes in the research process, but it may also be argued that the research process itself has changed, at least in part, as a result of developments in scholarly communication. This chapter will investigate the two-way flow of influence between research and publishing, in terms both of a 400-year history and of looking forward to new developments.

    The rise of journals

    The birth of the modern system of scholarly communications is generally taken to be the launching of the first two scientific journals, the Journal des Sçavans in 1665 and the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society in 1666. These journals reflected the growing interest in natural philosophy at the time, but also, through their very existence, began to initiate changes in scholarly practice. Before the mid-seventeenth century it was not the norm for ‘scientists’ (to use an anachronism: they would not have recognized the term) to share their findings. While they were as concerned with issues of priority as are modern researchers – witness the famously bitter battle between Newton and Liebnitz regarding the invention of calculus – they were hoarders of knowledge, reluctant to give what we would describe as a competitive advantage to their rivals.

  • 14 - Putting preservation into practice

  • Helen Forde, Jonathan Rhys-Lewis
  • Book:
    Preserving Archives
    Published by:
    Facet
    Published online:
    09 June 2018
    Print publication:
    31 March 2013, pp 211-224

  • Summary

    Introduction

    The previous chapters have covered many of the issues encountered by archives when trying to preserve their holdings, often against a background of increasingly tight budgets and the inexorable rise in expectations of public services. Those who oversee preservation programmes have to ensure that all the relevant issues over enhanced access are discussed, that the needs of the documents, in whatever format, are considered and costed and that the effect of improving services does not shackle future generations with mounting preservation or storage costs. They have to present well argued choices for preservation strategies, and they have to manage preservation in an environment which may be financially stringent, politically pressured or is developing strategically in other directions. How can it be done? This chapter covers

  • • choices and weighing up the options

  • • responsibilities

  • • policies and strategies

  • • benchmarking and preservation assessment

  • • costs and funding

  • • planning a programme over time.

    • Choices and options

    Choosing the right preservation tactics at the right time does much to ensure success. Fortunately several options are available and no archive has to undertake all of them all the time. The choice may appear bewildering to those who are desperately trying to do anything but the trick lies in a measured approach, often spread over several years, matching the activity to the resources available at any one time. The result should be that the archive has a well embedded, coherent preservation programme which recognizes and mitigates risk while allowing as much access to the holdings as possible.

    Details of how to develop such a strategy follow, but it is important to review the options available in particular circumstances. These have been discussed in previous chapters and may, or should, include in some cases:

  • • regular building maintenance

  • • dry, cool storage

  • • adequate storage space

  • • a boxing programme

  • • good security procedures

  • • conservation facilities, or a budget for conservation

  • • digital preservation arrangements

  • • a disaster control programme

  • • an integrated pest management programme

  • • a surrogacy programme

  • • document handling training for readers and staff.

  • Preface to the Second Edition

  • Helen Forde, Jonathan Rhys-Lewis
  • Book:
    Preserving Archives
    Published by:
    Facet
    Published online:
    09 June 2018
    Print publication:
    31 March 2013, pp xiii-xiv

  • Summary

    Preserving Archives is a guide for all those with a responsibility for archival or special collections on the issues to be dealt with in developing successful preservation policies and strategies. While the chapters build up to implementation, they can also be read individually if required. Some archives will need advice on specific problems, others will require assistance with developing more general programmes. The reader can pick and choose as necessary; the notes and references, example boxes in the text and bibliography present further guidance for those who require more specific details.

    The text is based on lectures given to successive cohorts of postgrad uate archive students in the UK, from those who have recently taken their first degree to those who are acquiring a professional qualification at a later stage in their careers. Preserving Archivesis intended to act as an aide-mémoire for them and their successors as students, as well as others who may need assistance in a particular situation. The book can be used as an overall guide or as a reference source for a particular area of practice. And it is not only for archivists: librarians and museum curators are also often faced with difficult decisions to make on preservation and much of what is included applies to paper-based materials held in other organizations. National and international examples are given and referred to, making comparisons possible and introducing the reader to a wider picture than just the UK. While there will clearly be national differences, many of the baseline and guiding principles will be evident in all forms of collection management and it is for the individual users to refer to their own national standards where appropriate.

    The importance of understanding more traditional archival materials is underlined by its prime place at the beginning of the book, followed by the equally important topic of preserving digital material. The crucial role played by archival buildings, the security within them and the importance of good storage conditions for the archival materials are central to the text, followed by an emphasis on developing strategies to mitigate disasters. Clear guidance is given on how to manage and develop policies for the use of surrogates in both analogue and digital formats.

  • Preface to the sixth edition

  • John Feather
  • Book:
    The Information Society
    Published by:
    Facet
    Published online:
    08 June 2018
    Print publication:
    31 March 2013, pp ix-xii

  • Summary

    The first edition of this book was written and published in 1994, and a second revised edition appeared in 1998. Two years later, there was a third edition at the beginning of a new century, once again taking account of new developments and rapid change. The revision of the fourth edition took this process further. When a revised edition was needed in 2008, it was necessary to make changes that were significant, and in some instances extensive. The five years that have elapsed since then have seen further innovations, against a background of economic and social uncertainty that has not been seen in industrialized countries for many decades. This edition therefore includes a number of further changes of emphasis as well as updating of factual matters.

    The Information Society was not, in the conventional sense, a textbook, I know that it has been widely used by students, especially those on courses in information studies, librarianship and communications studies in which a broad understanding of the nature of the information society is an essential underpinning of more advanced work. That was its intended audience, although I always hoped that it would be of wider interest as well. The original aim of the book remains unchanged. The fundamental argument and structure remain intact. They grew out of the belief that we cannot understand the so-called ‘information society’, which has brought us into the 21st century, unless we have some understanding of how information has been accumulated, analysed and disseminated in the past. We have to distinguish between comparatively superficial changes, which are merely technical, and the great shifts in the paradigm of human communications that have taken place three times in the history of mankind. The third of those shifts has been argued to have created – and still to be creating – the information society. The pace of change is unprecedented; the world wide web, which is central to much of what is discussed here, was barely mentioned in the first edition, but was the dominant format of the internet by the time that the second edition was prepared. It is now already the subject of historical studies, autobiographical reminiscence and indeed a new mythology.

Page 179 of 293