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12 - Kripke on Wittgenstein on Normativity

George M. Wilson
Affiliation:
University of California
Alexander Miller
Affiliation:
University of Birmingham
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Summary

In Saul Kripke's Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language, there are two main characters: a semantical skeptic and Ludwig Wittgenstein. Kripke himself, we can suppose, is the narrator. In the course of his narrative, the narrator often speaks for one or the other of the characters, and, when the characters are in agreement, he sometimes speaks for both. However, unlike Dr. Watson and Holmes, Kripke's Wittgenstein does not assent to all the skeptic's chief conclusions. Rather, Kripke's characters are related more in the manner of the governess and Mrs. Gross in The Turn of the Screw. The skeptic sees ‘the super-natural’ where Kripke's Wittgenstein sees only the skeptic's own delusion. Many commentators on Kripke's text have not done a good job of negotiating the question, “Whose voice is speaking in this passage? And now, who speaks in that one?” The upshot has been serious misunderstandings of the structure and content of the implicit dialogue that Kripke depicts in his book. Of course, the misunderstandings do not arise solely out of a deficient sense of ‘point of view’; other factors encourage and support the confusions. These factors also need to be diagnosed. In any case, I will argue that the commentators have often been wrong about what the skeptic assumes, wrong about what Kripke's Wittgenstein concludes, and wrong, correlatively, to read some of the central arguments in a topsy-turvy fashion. My aim is to set these matters straight, commenting, where it seems especially illuminating to do so, upon the mistakes of several of Kripke's major critics.

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Publisher: Acumen Publishing
Print publication year: 2002

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