I. Rights of Legal Consultation and Representation

II. Access to Court and to Justice (arbitration is an opting-out from public adjudication)

III. Protection against Bad or Spurious Claims and Defences

IV. Judicial Independence (not a separate requirement in English arbitration law)

V. Judicial Impartiality

VI. Publicity and Open Justice (arbitration is a consensual retreat from open and public justice)

VII. Judicial Duty to Give Reasons

VIII. Judicial Control of the Civil Process to Ensure Focus and Proportionality

IX. Avoidance of Undue Delay

X. Judicial Duty to Avoid Surprise: The Principle of Due Notice

XI. Procedural Equality (equal respect for the parties)

XII. Equal Access to Information, including Disclosure of Information between Parties

XIII. Fair Play between the Parties

XIV. Accuracy of Decision-making (the arbitral tribunal is shielded from judicial scrutiny of the merits of the decision underpinning the relevant award – that is, the decision on the substance of the dispute; in England this shield applies to findings of fact and applications of foreign law, but section 69 of the Arbitration Act 1996 permits the High Court to control applications for review of arbitral findings of English law.)

XV. Finality (arbitration respects the principle of finality more intensely than court adjudication)

XVI. Effectiveness