These voices belong to three prominent Muslim women activists based in the city of Lucknow. Lucknow is the capital of the north Indian state Uttar Pradesh, not far from the Nepal border, and home to a sizeable Muslim minority. Within the last decade, the city has – like no other Indian city – witnessed a proliferation of Muslim women's rights activists and accompanying womenled networks. These diverse groups are demanding gender justice from various religious perspectives within the framework of Islam. In their endeavour for justice, they reference both the Indian Constitution and the authority of the Quran in order to claim their rights as Muslim women and as citizens of India – home to the world's second-largest Muslim population. Their bold readings of the sacred texts challenge the dominant monolithic orthodox interpretations of women's rights concerning property, inheritance, education, divorce, and bodily integrity. According to these activists, the orthodox interpretations that were traditionally endorsed by Muslim India's powerful religious authorities, especially those affiliated with the all-national All India Muslim Personal Law Board, are directly linked to much of the dire economic, political, legal, and social realities faced by Muslim women in South Asia. Employing women-friendly interpretations of Muslim doctrine and tradition – derived from both secular and non-secular sources – these women are proactively stretching the boundaries of gender-appropriate activities within the public space. These innovative activists are leading rallies in major cities, drafting their own Muslim marriage contracts (nikahnama), solemnising weddings, dissolving marriages, engaging in dispute settlements, and participating in political debates.