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7 - Eosinophils

from PART II - INDIVIDUAL CELL TYPES

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 April 2014

By
Sophie Fillon ,
Steven J. Ackerman  and
Glenn T. Furuta
Edited by
Charles N. Serhan ,
Peter A. Ward  and
Derek W. Gilroy
With contributions by
Samir S. Ayoub
Sophie Fillon
Affiliation:
University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine
Steven J. Ackerman
Affiliation:
University of Illinois
Glenn T. Furuta
Affiliation:
University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine
Charles N. Serhan
Affiliation:
Harvard Medical School
Peter A. Ward
Affiliation:
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
Derek W. Gilroy
Affiliation:
University College London
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Summary

INTRODUCTION

Eosinophilic granulocytes, commonly referred to as eosinophils, or less commonly as acidophils, were first identified by Paul Ehrlich in 1879. He named these bilobed nucleated cells as eosinophils because of their intense staining with the acidic dye eosin. Ehrlich completed his original studies that defined the eosinophil's morphological features during a time when he was committed to a clinical practice as well as basic research, an early example of a physician scientist. Combining his clinical expertise with his laboratory discoveries, he proposed a variety of functions for eosinophils that included phagocytosis, granule secretion, and chemotaxis.

Eosinophils are normally present as a minority of the peripheral blood leukocyte pool and primarily reside within tissues containing mucosal surfaces such as the uterus and gastrointestinal tract. While their exact function is not certain, eosinophils are thought to possess both beneficial and deleterious properties as participants in both innate and adaptive host immune responses. As an arm of the innate defense system, eosinophils are strongly proposed to be responsible in part for combating parasitic infections, particularly with helminths. When recruited in excess, eosinophils are currently thought to participate in mediating the pathogenesis of allergic diseases such as asthma, atopic dermatitis, gastrointestinal diseases, and hypereosinophilic syndromes.

EOSINOPHIL MORPHOLOGY

Eosinophils are approximately 12–17 μm in diameter, and represent 1%–6% of the total blood leukocyte population (Figure 7.1).

Type
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Fundamentals of Inflammation , pp. 86 - 95
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2010

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