In Chapter Three, I suggested that the Crown, however confused from an analytical perspective, proved capacious and accommodated the reality of representative institutions as they evolved in the English historical constitution. The Crown's singularity and the unity it symbolised did not preclude the development of various democratic institutions and powers and even talk of their separation on both sides of the Channel. In this chapter, I will elaborate on the doctrine of the separation of powers to illustrate both further interactions between the English common law and Continental European law and the peculiar significance of the English historical constitution's customary mode of formation or development.

Historians have had reason to describe a unity in European constitutional development absent from the history of European private law. For example, in An Historical Introduction to Western Constitutional Law, Raoul van Caenegem emphasises the lack of a difference between constitutional evolution in England and that on the Continent comparable to the difference he describes in his earlier work on the history of private law: