Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-wzw2p Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-01T04:28:06.945Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

4 - The Economics of FRAND

from Part I - Economics of Antitrust-IP

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 May 2017

Roger D. Blair
Affiliation:
University of Florida
D. Daniel Sokol
Affiliation:
University of Florida
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2017

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Brooks, Roger and Geradin, Damien. 2011. Taking Contracts Seriously: The Meaning of the Voluntary Commitment to License Essential Patents on “Fair and Reasonable” Terms. In Anderman, S. and Ezrachi, A. (eds.), Intellectual Property and Competition Law: New Frontiers. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Carlton, Dennis W. and Shampine, Allan L.. 2014. Identifying Benchmarks for Applying Non-Discrimination in FRAND. Competition Policy International Chronicle, 1, 2.Google Scholar
Chien, Colleen. 2014. “Holding up” and “Holding Out”. Michigan Telecommunications & Technology Law Review, 21, 1.Google Scholar
Contreras, Jorge. 2015. Market Reliance and Patent Pledges. Utah Law Review, 2.Google Scholar
Cournot, Augustin. 1838. Researches into the Mathematical Principles of the Theory of Wealth. Bacon, Nathaniel T. trans. New York: Macmillan (1987).Google Scholar
CSIRO v. Cisco. Federal Circuit. December 1, 2015.Google Scholar
Department of Justice. 2006. Letter from Assistant Attorney General Thomas O. Barnett to Robert A. Skitol, October 30. Available at www.justice.gov/atr/response-vmebus-international-trade-association-vitas-request-business-review-letter.Google Scholar
Department of Justice. 2015. Letter from Acting Assistant Attorney General Renata B. Hesse to Michael A. Lindsay, February 2. Available at www.justice.gov/atr/response-institute-electrical-and-electronics-engineers-incorporated.Google Scholar
Department of Justice and U.S. Patent Office. 2013. Policy Statement on Remedies For Standards-Essential Patents Subject To Voluntary F/Rand Commitments. Available at www.uspto.gov/about/offices/ogc/Final_DOJ-PTO_Policy_Statement_on_FRAND_SEPs_1-8-13.pdf.Google Scholar
Elhauge, Einer. 2008. Do Patent Holdup and Royalty Stacking Lead to Systematically Excessive Royalties? Journal of Competition Law & Economics, 4, 535.Google Scholar
Elhauge, Einer. 2015. Treating RAND Commitments Neutrally. Journal of Competition Law and Economics, 11, 1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ericsson v. D-Link, 773 F.3d 1201 (Fed. Cir. 2014).Google Scholar
Ewing, Tom. 2011. Indirect Exploitation of Intellectual Property Rights By Corporations and Investors. Hastings Science & Technology Law Journal, 4.Google Scholar
FTC. 2007. Opinion of the Commission on Remedy in the Matter of Rambus Inc. by Chairman Deborah Platt Majoras.Google Scholar
Farrell, Joseph and Katz, Michael. 2005. Competition or Predation? Consumer Coordination, Strategic Pricing and Price Floors in Network Markets. Journal of Industrial Economics, 53(2), 203.Google Scholar
Farrell, Joseph, Hayes, John, Shapiro, Carl, and Sullivan, Catherine. 2007. Standard Setting, Patents, and Hold-Up. Antitrust Law Journal, 74, 603.Google Scholar
Galetovic, Alexander, Haber, Stephen, and Levine, Ross. 2015. An Empirical Examination of Patent Holdup. Journal of Competition Law & Economics, 11(3), 1.Google Scholar
Georgia-Pacific Corp. v. U.S. Plywood Corp., 318 F. Supp. 1116, 1120 (S.D.N.Y.) 1970.Google Scholar
Geradin, Damien. 2010. Reverse Hold-ups: The (Often Ignored) Risks Faced by Innovators in Standardized Areas. The Pros and Cons of Standard Setting 2010. Swedish Competition Authority.Google Scholar
Geradin, Damien. 2014. The Meaning of “Fair and Reasonable” in the Context of Third-Party Determination of FRAND Terms. George Mason Law Review, 21, 919.Google Scholar
Geradin, Damien and Layne-Farrar, Anne. 2007. The Logic and Limits of Ex Ante Competition in a Standard-Setting Environment. Competition Policy International, 3(1).Google Scholar
Geradin, Damien, Layne-Farrar, Anne, and Padilla, Jorge. 2008. The Ex Ante Auction Model for the Control of Market Power in Standard Setting Organizations. European Competition Journal, 4(8).Google Scholar
Geradin, Damien, Layne-Farrar, Anne, and Padilla, Jorge. 2011. Elves or Trolls? The Role of Nonpracticing Patent Owners in the Innovation Economy. Industrial and Corporate Change, June, 1.Google Scholar
Gilbert, Richard. 2011. Deal or No Deal? Licensing Negotiations by Standard Setting Organizations. Antitrust Law Journal, 77, 855.Google Scholar
Golden, John. 2007. Commentary: “Patent Trolls” and Patent Remedies. Texas Law Review, 85, 2111.Google Scholar
Harkrider, John. 2013. REPs Not SEPs: A Reasonable and Non-Discriminatory Approach to Licensing Commitments. Antitrust Chronicle, 10.Google Scholar
Kieff, F. Scott and Layne-Farrar, Anne. 2013. Incentive Effects from Different Approaches to Holdup Mitigation Surrounding Patent Remedies and Standard-Setting Organizations. Journal of Competition Law & Economics, 9(4), 133.Google Scholar
Larouche, Pierre, Padilla, Jorge, and Taffet, Richard. 2014. Settling FRAND Disputes: Is Mandatory Arbitration a Reasonable and Non-Discriminatory Alternative? Journal of Competition Law and Economics, 10, 581.Google Scholar
Layne-Farrar, Anne. 2010. Nondiscriminatory Pricing: Is Standard Setting Different? Journal of Competition Law & Economics, 6(4), 1.Google Scholar
Layne-Farrar, Anne. 2011. Innovative or Indefensible? An Empirical Assessment of Patenting within Standard Setting. International Journal of IT Standards and Standardization Research, 9, 118.Google Scholar
Layne-Farrar, Anne. 2014. Moving Past the SEP RAND Obsession: Some Thoughts on the Economic Implications of Unilateral Commitments and the Complexities of Patent Licensing. George Mason Law Review, 21.Google Scholar
Layne-Farrar, Anne and Llobet, Gerard. 2014. Moving Beyond Simple Examples: Assessing the Incremental Value Rule within Standards. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 36, 57.Google Scholar
Layne-Farrar, Anne and Wong-Ervin, Koren. 2015. An Analysis of the Federal Circuit’s Decision in Ericsson v. D-Link. CPI Antitrust Chronicle, March.Google Scholar
Layne-Farrar, Anne, Llobet, Gerard, and Padilla, Jorge. 2014a. Payments and Participation: The Incentives to Join Cooperative Standard Setting Efforts. Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, 23, 2449.Google Scholar
Layne-Farrar, Anne, Llobet, Gerard, and Padilla, Jorge. 2014b. Patent Licensing in Vertically Disaggregated Industries: The Royalty Allocation Neutrality Principle. Communications and Strategies 5.Google Scholar
Layne-Farrar, Anne, Padilla, Jorge, and Schmalensee, Richard. 2007. Pricing Patents for Licensing in Standard Setting Organizations: Making Sense of FRAND Commitments. Antitrust Law Journal, 74, 671.Google Scholar
Lemley, Mark and Melamed, Douglas. 2013. Missing the Forest for the Trolls. Columbia Law Review, 113, 2117.Google Scholar
Lemley, Mark and Shapiro, Carl. 2007. Patent Holdup and Royalty Stacking. Texas Law Review, 85, 1989.Google Scholar
Lemley, Mark and Shapiro, Carl. 2013. A Simple Approach to Setting Reasonable Royalties for Standard-Essential Patents. Berkeley Technology Law Journal, 28, 1135.Google Scholar
Lerner, Joshua and Tirole, Jean. 2015. Restoring Competition in Standard-essential Patents. Journal of Political Economy, 123(3), 547.Google Scholar
Lloyd, Andrew. 2015. Ericsson and Nokia the latest to confirm that they will not license under the new IEEE patent policy. IAM, blog. Available at www.iam-media.com/Blog/Detail.aspx?g=d07d0bde-ebd6-495a-aa72-4eecb9dac67d.Google Scholar
Mariniello, Mario. 2011. Fair, Reasonable and Non-Discriminatory (FRAND) Terms: A Challenge for Competition Authorities. Journal of Competition Law & Economics, 7, 523.Google Scholar
Microsoft v. Motorola. 2012. Federal Circuit. 696 F.3d 872 (9th Cir.).Google Scholar
Microsoft v. Motorola. 2013. Federal Circuit. Case No. C10-1823JLR.Google Scholar
Miller, Joseph Scott. 2006. Standard Setting, Patents, and Access Lock-In: RAND Licensing and the Theory of the Firm. Indiana Law Review, 40.Google Scholar
Mintzer, Erica and Munck, Suzanne. 2014. The Joint U.S. Department of Justice and Federal Trade Commission Workshop on Patent Assertion Entity Activities – “Follow The Money.” Antitrust Law Journal, 79, 423.Google Scholar
Ohana, Gil, Hansen, Marc and Shah, Omar. 2003. Disclosure and Negotiation of Licensing Terms Prior to Adoption of Industry Standards: Preventing Another Patent Ambush. European Competition Law Review, 24, 644.Google Scholar
Rambus v. FTC. 2008. 522 F.3d 456 Nos. 07-1086, 07-1124. United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit.Google Scholar
Realtek v. LSI. 2014. District Court, Northern District of California. Case No. C-12-3451-RMW.Google Scholar
Rysman, Marc and Simcoe, Tim. 2008. Patents and the Performance of Voluntary Standard-Setting Organizations. Management Science, 54(11), 1920.Google Scholar
Scott Morton, Fiona and Shapiro, Carl. 2014. Strategic Patent Acquisitions. Antitrust Law Journal, 79(2) 463.Google Scholar
Scott Morton, Fiona and Shapiro, Carl. 2015. Patent Assertions: Are We Any Closer to Aligning Reward to Contribution? NBER Working Paper.Google Scholar
Shapiro, Carl. 2001. Navigating the Patent Thicket: Cross Licenses, Patent Pools, and Standard-Setting. In Jaffe, Adam, Lerner, Joshua, and Stern, Scott (eds.), Innovation Policy and the Economy, Vol. I. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Swanson, D. and Baumol, W.. 2005. Reasonable and Nondiscriminatory (RAND) Royalties, Standards Selection, and the Control of Market Power. Antitrust Law Journal, 73, 727.Google Scholar
VirnetX, Inc. and Science Applications International Corporation v. Cisco Systems, Inc. and Apple Inc. 2014. Court of Appeals of the Federal Circuit.Google Scholar
Williamson, Oliver E. 1985. The Economic Institutions of Capitalism. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×