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Chapter 36 - Open Fractures

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 July 2018

Rachel L. Chin
Affiliation:
University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine
Bradley W. Frazee
Affiliation:
University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine
Zlatan Coralic
Affiliation:
University of California, San Francisco
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Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2018

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References

Gustilo, R. B. and Anderson, J. T. Prevention of infection in the treatment of one thousand and twenty-five open fractures of long bones. J. Bone Joint Surg. 1976; 58(4): 453–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gustilo, R. B., Mendoza, R. M., and Williams, D. N. Problems in the management of type III (severe) open fractures: a new classification of type III open fractures. J. Trauma 1984; 24(8): 742–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hoff, W. S., Bonadies, J. A., Cachecho, R., and Dorlac, W. C. East Practice Management Guidelines Work Group: update to practice management guidelines for prophylactic antibiotic use in open fractures. J. Trauma & Acute Care Surg. 2011; 70(3): 751–4.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kim, P. H. and Leopold, S. S. Gustilo-Anderson classification. Clin. Orthop. & Related Res. 2012; 470(11): 3270–4.Google ScholarPubMed
O’Brien, C. L., Menon, M., and Jomha, N. M. Controversies in the management of open fractures. Open Orthop. J. 2014; 8(1): 178–84.Google Scholar
Patzakis, M. J., Harvey, J. P., and Ivler, D. The role of antibiotics in the management of open fractures. J. Bone Joint Surg. 1974; 56(3): 532–41.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Patzakis, M. P. and Wilkins, J. Factors influencing infection rate in open fracture wounds. Clin. Orthop. 1989; 243: 3640.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rodriguez, L., Jung, H. S., Goulet, J. A., et al. Evidence-based protocol for prophylactic antibiotics in open fractures: improved antibiotic stewardship with no increase in infection rates. J. Trauma & Acute Care Surg. 2014; 77(3): 400–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zalavras, C. G. and Patzakis, M. J. Open fractures: evaluation and management. J. Am. Acad. Orthop. Surg. 2003; 11(3): 212–19.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

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