Ansell, C. and Gash, A. 2008. ‘Collaborative governance in theory and practice’, Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 18(4): 543–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ansell, C. and Torfing, J. (eds.) 2014. Public Innovation through Collaboration and Design. Abingdon: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Archer, D. and Cameron, A. 2008. Collaborative Leadership: How to Succeed in an Interconnected World. Oxford: Elsevier.Google Scholar

Bason, C. 2010. Leading Public Sector Innovation. Bristol: The Policy Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bloomfield, P., Westerling, D. and Carey, R. 1998. ‘Innovation and risk in a public-private partnership’, Public Productivity and Management Review 21(4): 460–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bommert, B. 2010. ‘Collaborative innovation in the public sector’, International Public Management Review 11(1): 15–33.Google Scholar

Borch, C. 2005. Kriminalitet og magt. Copenhagen: Politisk Revy.Google Scholar

Borins, S. 2001. ‘Encouraging innovation in the public sector’, Journal of Intellectual Capital 2(3): 310–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Borins, S. 2014. The Persistence of Innovation in Government: A Guide for Public Servants. Washington, DC: IBM Center for the Business of Government.Google Scholar

Brown, L. and Osborne, S. 2013. ‘Risk and innovation: Towards a framework for risk governance in public services’, Public Management Review 15(2): 186–208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Casebourne, J. 2014. Why Motivation Matters in Public Sector Innovation. London: NESTA.Google Scholar

COI. 2015. Innovationsbarometer. Copenhagen: COI Publications.Google Scholar

Crosby, B. and Bryson, J. 2010. ‘Integrative leadership and the creation and maintenance of cross-sector collaboration’, Leadership Quarterly 21(2): 211–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dente, B., Bobbio, L. and Spada, A. 2005. ‘Government or governance of urban innovation?’ DIPS 162: 1–22.Google Scholar

Dunleavy, P., Margetts, H., Bastow, S. and Tinkler, J. 2006. ‘New public management is dead – long live digital-era governance’, Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 16(3): 467–94.Google Scholar

Edquist, C. and Zabala-Iturriagagotia, J. M. 2012. ‘Public procurement for innovation as mission-oriented innovation policy’, Research Policy 41(10): 1757–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Eggers, W. D. and O’Leary, J. 2009. If We Can Put a Man on the Moon: Getting Big Things Done in Government. Boston: Harvard Business Press.Google Scholar

Engeström, Y. 1987. Learning by Expanding: An Activity-Theoretical Approach to Developmental Research. Helsinki: Orienta-Konsultit.Google Scholar

Engeström, Y. 2008. From Teams to Knots: Activity-Theoretical Studies of Collaboration and Learning at Work. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

European Union. 2014. Public Procurement as a Driver of Innovation in SMEs and Public Services. Brussels: The European Union.Google Scholar

Gaventa, J. 2002. ‘Introduction: Exploring citizenship, participation and accountability’, IDS Bulletin 33(2): 1–11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gray, B. 1989. Collaborating: Finding Common Ground for Multiparty Problems. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.Google Scholar

Gray, B. and Ren, H. 2014. ‘The importance of joint schemes and brokers in promoting collaboration for innovation’, in Ansell, C. and Torfing, J. (eds.), Public Innovation through Collaboration and Design, Abingdon: Routledge, pp. 125–147.Google Scholar

Hajer, M. 2009. Authoritative Governance. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hartley, J., Sørensen, E. and Torfing, J. 2013. ‘Collaborative innovation: A viable alternative to market competition and organizational entrepreneurship’, Public Administration Review 73(6): 821–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Jankowski, M. S. 1991. Islands in the Street: Gangs and American Urban Society. Berkeley: University of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Jankowski, M. S. 2008. Cracks in the Pavement. Berkeley: University of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Koppenjan, J. F. M. and Klijn, E. H. 2004. Managing Uncertainties in Networks. Abingdon: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kraemer, K. L. and Perry, J. L. 1989. ‘Innovation and computing in the public sector: A review of research’, Knowledge in Society 2(1): 72–87.Google Scholar

Lazarus, R. J. 2009. ‘Super wicked problems and climate change: Restraining the present to liberate the future’, Cornell Law Review 94(5): 1153–233.Google Scholar

Levin, M. A. and Sanger, M. B. 1994. Making Government Work: How Entrepreneurial Executives Turn Bright Ideas into Real Results. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.Google Scholar

Lubienski, C. 2003. ‘Innovation in education markets: Theory and evidence on the impact of competition and choice in charter schools’, American Educational Research Journal 40(2): 395–443.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

March, J. G. and Olsen, J. P. 1995. Democratic Governance. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar

Mezirow, J. 2000. Learning as Transformation: Critical Perspectives on a Theory in Progress. San Francisco, CA: Jossey Bass.Google Scholar

Mulgan, G., Tucker, S., Rushanara, A. and Sanders, B. 2007. ‘Social innovation: What it is, why it matters and how it can be accelerated’, Working Paper, Skoll Center for Social Entrepreneurship, Oxford Business School.Google Scholar

OECD. 2014. Innovating the Public Sector: From Ideas to Impact. Paris: OECD Publications.Google Scholar

Osborne, D. and Gaebler, T. 1993. Reinventing Government: How the Entrepreneurial Spirit is Transforming the Public Sector. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.Google Scholar

Osborne, S. 2006. ‘The New Public Governance?’ Public Management Review 8(3): 377–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Osborne, S. (ed.) 2010. The New Public Governance? London: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

O’Toole, L. J. 1997. ‘Implementing public innovations in network settings’, Administration and Society 29(2): 115–38.Google Scholar

Parry, K. W. and Bryman, A. 2006. ‘Leadership in organizations’, in Clegg, S., Hardy, C., Lawrence, T. and Nord, W. (eds.), The Sage Handbook of Organization Studies. London: Sage Publications, pp. 447–68.Google Scholar

Pearce, C. L. and Conger, J. A. 2003. Shared Leadership: Reframing the Hows and Whys of Leadership. London: Sage.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Polsby, N. W. 1984. Political Innovation in America: The Politics of Policy Initiation. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Powell, W. W. and Grodal, S. 2004. ‘Networks of innovators’, in Fagerberg, J., Mowery, D. C. and Nelson, R. R. (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Innovation. Oxford University Press, pp. 56–85.Google Scholar

Putnam, R. D. 2000. Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. New York: Simon and Schuster.Google Scholar

Rittel, H. W. J. and Webber, M. M. 1973. ‘Dilemmas in a general theory of planning’, Policy Sciences 4(2): 155–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Roberts, N. C. 2000. ‘Wicked problems and network approaches to resolution’, International Public Management Review 1(1): 1–19.Google Scholar

Roberts, N. C. and Bradley, R. T. 1991. ‘Stakeholder collaboration and innovation’, Journal of Applied Behavioural Science 27(2): 209–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Roberts, N. C. and King, P. J. 1996. Transforming Public Policy: Dynamics of Policy Entrepreneurship and Innovation. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.Google Scholar

Rogers, E. M. 1995. Diffusion of Innovations. New York: The Free Press.Google ScholarPubMed

Scharpf, F. W. 1994. ‘Games real actors could play: Positive and negative coordination in embedded negotiations’, Journal of Theoretical Politics 6(1): 27–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Self, R. O. 2003. American Babylon. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar

Skilton, P. F. and Dooley, K. 2010. ‘The effects of repeat collaboration on creative abrasion’, The Academy of Management Review 35(1): 118–34.Google Scholar

Steelman, T. A. 2010. Implementing Innovation. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.Google Scholar

Straus, D. 2002. How to Make Collaboration Work. San Francisco, CA: Berrett-Koehler Publishers.Google Scholar

Swan, J., Scarbrough, H. and Robertson, M. 2002. ‘The construction of communities of practice in the management of innovations’, Management and Learning 33(4): 477–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Sørensen, E. and Torfing, J. 2011. ‘Enhancing collaborative innovation in the public sector’, Administration and Society 43(8): 842–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Sørensen, E. and Torfing, J. 2016. ‘Political leadership in the age of interactive governance: Reflections on the political aspects of metagovernance’, in Edelenbos, J. and Meerkerk, I. (eds.), Critical Reflections on Interactive Governance. Cheltenham: Edgar Elgar, forthcoming.Google Scholar

Teece, D. J. 1992. ‘Competition, cooperation and innovation’, Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 18(1): 1–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Torfing, J. and Krogh, A. H. 2013. Samarbejdsdrevet innovation i bandeindsatsen. Copenhagen: DJOEF Publishers.Google Scholar

Torfing, J., Peters, B. G., Pierre, J. and Sørensen, E. 2012. Interactive Governance: Advancing the Paradigm. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Van de Ven, A., Polley, D., Garud, R., and Venkataraman, S. 1999. The Innovation Journey. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Weber, E. P. and Khademian, A. M. 2008. ‘Wicked problems, knowledge challenges, and collaborative capacity builders in network settings’, Public Administration Review 68(2): 334–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Williams, P. 2012. Collaboration in Public Policy and Practice: Perspectives on Boundary Spanners. Bristol: Policy Press.Google Scholar

Wæver, O. 1995. ‘Securitization and desecuritization’, in Lipschutz, R. (ed.), On Security. New York: Columbia University Press, pp. 46–86.Google Scholar

Argyris, C. and Schön, D. 1978. Organizational Learning: A Theory of Action Perspective. Boston: McGraw Hill.Google Scholar

Bekkers, V. 2004. ‘Virtual policy communities and responsive governance: Redesigning on-line debates’, Information Polity 9(3/4): 193–204.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bekkers, V. and Moody, R. 2014. Visual Culture and Public Policy. Towards a Visual Polity? London: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bekkers, V., Edelenbos, J. and Steijn, B. (eds.) 2011. Innovation in the Public Sector. Linking Capacity and Leadership. London: Palgrave McMillan.Google Scholar

Bozeman, B. 1987. All Organizations are Public: Bridging Public and Private Organizational Theories. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.Google Scholar

Brock, D., Powell, M. J. and Hinings, C. R. (eds.). 1999. Restructuring the Professional Organization: Accounting, Health Care and Law. London: Routledge.Google Scholar

Bucher, R. and Strauss, A. L. 1961. ‘Professions in process’, American Journal of Sociology 66: 325–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Cohen, M. D., March, J. G. and Olsen, J. 1972. ‘A garbage can model of organizational choice’, Administrative Science Quarterly 17(1): 1–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dent, M., Kirkpatrick, I. and Neogy, I. 2012. ‘Medical leadership and management reforms in hospitals’, in Teelken, C., Ferlie, E. and Dent, M. (eds.), Leadership in the Public Sector: Promises and Pitfalls. London: Routledge, pp. 105–25.Google Scholar

Exworthy, M. and Halford, S. (eds.). 1999. Professionals and the New Managerialism in the Public Sector. Buckingham: Open University Press.Google Scholar

Farrell, C. and Morris, J. 2003. ‘The neo-bureaucratic state: Professionals, managers and professional managers in schools, general practices and social work’, Organization 10(1): 129–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Johnson, G., Langley, A., Melin, L. and Whittington, R. (eds.). 2007. Strategy as Practice: Research Directions and Resources. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kirkpatrick, I. and Noordegraaf, M. 2014. ‘Organizations and occupations: Towards hybrid professionalism in professional service firms?’, in Empson, L., Broschak, L., J. and Muzio, D. (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Professional Service Firms. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 92–112.Google Scholar

Kurunmäki, L. 2004. ‘A hybrid profession – The acquisition of management accounting expertise by medical professionals’, Accounting, Organizations and Society 29(3): 327–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kurunmäki, L. and Miller, P. 2006. ‘Modernising government: The calculating self, hybridisation and performance measurement’, Financial Accountability & Management 22(1): 87–106.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lipsky, M. 1980. Street-Level Bureaucracy. New York: Russell Sage.Google Scholar

March, J. G. and Olsen, J. P. 1989. Rediscovering Institutions. New York: The Free Press.Google Scholar

Mintzberg, H. 1978. ‘Patterns in strategy formation’, Management Science 24(9): 934–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Moore, M. 1995. Creating Public Value – Strategic Management in Government. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar

Noordegraaf, M. 2007. ‘From pure to hybrid professionalism: Present-day professionalism in ambiguous public domains’, Administration & Society 39(6):761–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Noordegraaf, M. 2011. ‘Risky business: How professionals and professionals fields (must) deal with organizational issues’, Organization Studies 32(10): 1349–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Noordegraaf, M. 2015a. Public Management, Performance, Professionalism and Politics. Basingstoke: Palgrave.Google Scholar

Noordegraaf, M. 2015b. ‘Hybridity and beyond: (New) forms of professionalism in changing organizational and societal contexts’, Journal of Professions and Organizations 2(2): 187–206.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Noordegraaf, M. 2015c. ‘Reconfiguring professional work: Changing forms of professionalism in public services’, Administration & Society Forthcoming (Available online since November 2013).Google Scholar

Orton, J. D. and Weick, K. E. 1990. ‘Loosely coupled systems: A reconceptualization’, Academy of Management Review 15(2): 203–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Pollitt, C. and Hupe, P. 2011. ‘Talking about government: The role of magic concepts’, Public Management Review 13(5): 1–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Reay, T. and Hinings, C. R. 2009. ‘Managing the rivalry of competing institutional logics’, Organization Studies 30(6): 629–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Skelcher, C. and Smith, S. R. 2015. ‘Theorizing hybridity: Institutional logics, complex organizations, and actor identities: The case of nonprofits’, Public Administration 93(2): 433–48.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Steen, M. et al. 2013. Early Signals Timely Strategy. The Early Warning System at the Dutch Rijkswaterstaat. The Hague: NSOB.Google Scholar

Weick, K. E. 1969. The Social Psychology of Organizing. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.Google Scholar

Weick, K. E. 1976. ‘Educational organizations as loosely coupled systems’, Administrative Science Quarterly 21(1): 1–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Wenger, E. 1998. Communities of Practice: Learning, Meaning and Identity. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Alford, J. and Yates, S. 2015. ʻCo-production of public services in Australia: The roles of government organisations and co-producersʼ, Australian Journal of Public Administration, first published online, DOI: 10.1111/1467–8500.12157.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Anheier, H. 2015. ‘Democracy requires the critical engagement of practitioners and experts alike if it is to thrive in these challenging times’, Democratic Audit UK, www.democraticaudit.com/?p=15068.Google Scholar

Bovaird, T. 2012. ʻAttributing outcomes to social policy interventions – “Gold standard” or “fool’s gold” in public policy and management?ʼ, Social Policy and Administration 48(1): 1–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bovaird, T. and Kenny, R. 2015. ʻManaging complex adaptive systems to produce public outcomes in Birmingham, UKʼ, in Cairney, P. and Geyer, R. (eds.), Handbook of Complexity and Public Policy. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, pp. 261–83.Google Scholar

Bovaird, T. and Loeffler, E. 2012. ʻFrom engagement to co-production: The contribution of users and communities to outcomes and public valueʼ, Voluntas 23(4): 1119–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bovaird, T. and Loeffler, E. 2015. ʻPublic management and governance: the future?’ in Bovaird, T. and Loeffler, E. (eds.), Public Management and Governance. London: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bovaird, T., van Ryzin, G., Loeffler, E. and Parrado, S. 2015a. ʻActivating citizens to participate in collective co-production of public servicesʼ, Journal of Social Policy 44(1): 1–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bovaird, T., Loeffler, E., van Ryzin, G., Alford, J. and Yates, S. 2015b. ʻInternational comparisons of user and community co-production of public services and outcomes: Survey evidence from six countriesʼ, Paper presented to PMRA Conference, Minneapolis, MN.Google Scholar

Bovaird, T., Stoker, G., Loeffler, E., Jones, T. and Pinilla Roncancio, M. 2016. ʻActivating collective coproduction for public services: Influencing citizens to participate in complex governance mechanismsʼ, International Review of Administrative Science 82, first published online, DOI: 10.1177/0020852314566009.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Grant, R. M. 2002. Contemporary Strategy Analysis. London: Wiley.Google Scholar

Lang, R. 2011. ‘Peer training of learner drivers by offenders in Austria’, Governance International, www.govint.org/good-practice/case-studies/close-to-peer-training-of-learner-drivers-by-offenders-in-austria/.Google Scholar

Loeffler, E. Bovaird, T., Parrado, S. and van Ryzin, G. 2008. ‘“If you want to go fast, walk alone. If you want to go far, walk together”: Citizens and the co-production of public services’, Report to the EU Presidency. Ministry of Finance, Budget and Public Services.Google Scholar

Loeffler, E., van Ryzin, G., Bovaird, T. and Timm-Arnold, P. 2015. ʻImproving the quality of life of younger and older generations in Germany through co-production: A quantitative and qualitative study of the levels, drivers and barriersʼ, Paper presented at IRSPM Conference, University of Birmingham, Birmingham.Google Scholar

Timm-Arnold, P. 2014. ‘Clean City Linköping: Co-designing innovative solutions with young people’, Governance International, www.govint.org/good-practice/case-studies/clean-city-linkoeping-co-designing-innovative-solutions-with-young-people/.Google Scholar

Agger, A. and Sørensen, E. 2014. ‘Designing collaborative policy innovation: Lessons from a Danish municipality’, in Ansell, C. and Torfing, J. (eds.), Public Innovation through Collaboration and Design. New York: Routledge, pp. 188–208.Google Scholar

Agger, A., Damgaard, B., Krogh, A. H. and Sørensen, E. 2015. Public Innovation in Northern Europe. London: Bentham Press.Google Scholar

Agranoff, R. and McGuire, M. 2003. Collaborative Public Management: New Strategies for Local Government. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.Google Scholar

Almond, G. and Verba, S. 1961. The Civic Culture: Political Attitudes and Democracy in Five Nations. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.Google Scholar

Ansell, C. and Torfing, J. (eds.) 2014. Public Innovation through Collaboration and Design. New York: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bara, J. and Weale, A. (eds.) 2006. Democratic Politics and Party Competition. New York: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bijlsma, R. M., Bots, P. W. G., Wolters, H. A. and Hoekstra, A. Y. 2011. ‘An empirical analysis of stakeholders’ influence on policy development: The role of uncertainty handling’, Ecology and Society 16(1): 51. online URL: www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol16/iss1/art51/.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bishop, A. and Riopelle, K. 2011. ‘Identifying potential collaborative innovation networks to support emerging chemical legislation and global design’, Social and Behavioral Sciences 26(3): 38–45.Google Scholar

Bommert, B. 2010. ‘Collaborative innovation in the public sector’, International Public Management Review 11(2): 15–33.Google Scholar

Borins, S. 2001. ‘Encouraging innovation in the public sector’, Journal of Intellectual Capital 2(3): 310–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bouchey, G. 2010. Policy Diffusion Dynamics in America. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Bradley, D. W. and McCubbins, M. D. (eds.) 2002. Party, Process and Political Change. Washington, DC: CQ Press.Google Scholar

Buchler, J. 2011. Hiring and Firing Public Officials. Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bullinger, A. C., Neyer, A.-K., Rass, M. and Moeslein, K. M. 2010. ‘Community-based innovation contests: Where competition meets cooperation’, Creativity and Innovation Management 19(3): 290–303.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Burby, R. J. 2003. ‘Making plans that matter: Citizen involvement and government action’, Journal of the American Planning Association 69(1): 33–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Burns, J. M. 2003. Transforming Leadership. New York: Grove Press.Google Scholar

Chun, L. 2009. The Governance Structure of Chinese Firms: Innovation, Competitiveness, and Growth in Dual Economy. Dordrecht: Springer.Google Scholar

Dahl, R. A. 1961. Who Governs? Democracy and Power in an American City. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar

Dalton, R. J. 2008. Citizen Politics: Public Opinion and Political Parties in Advanced Industrial Democracies. Washington, DC: CQ Press.Google Scholar

Dalton, R. J. and Welzel, C. (eds.) 2014. The Civic Culture Transformed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Devere, H. 2011. ‘The resurrection of political friendship’, in Descharmes, B., Hauser, C. S., Kruger, C. and Loy, T. (eds.), Varieties of Friendship. Interdisciplinary Perspective on Social Relationships. Göttingen: V&R Unipress, pp. 17–42.Google Scholar

Dupont, C. 1996. ‘Negotiation as coalition building’, International Negotiations 1(1): 47–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Echstein, H. 1969. ‘Pressure group politics’, Journal of Medical Education 35(11): 1069–82.Google Scholar

Eggers, B. and Singh, S. 2009. The Public Innovators Playbook. Washington, DC: Harvard Kennedy School of Government.Google Scholar

Femia, J. V., Korosenyi, A. and Slomp, G. (eds.) 2009. Political Leadership in Liberal and Democratic Theory. Exeter: Imprint Academic.Google Scholar

Fenno, R. F. Jr. 1978. Home Style. House Members in Their Districts. Boston: Little Brown and Company.Google Scholar

Fung, A., Graham, M. and Weil, D. 2007. Full Disclosure: The Perils and Potentials of Transparency. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ginsberg, W. 2011. Obama Administration’s Open Government Initiative: Issues for Congress. Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service.Google Scholar

Goodin, R. E. 1996. ‘Institutionalizing the public interest: The defense of deadlock and beyond’, American Political Science Review 90(3): 331–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gray, B. 1989. Collaborating: Finding Common Ground for Multiparty Problems. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.Google Scholar

Hartley, J., Sørensen, E. and Torfing, J. 2013. ‘Collaborative innovation: A viable alternative to market competition and organizational entrepreneurship’, Public Administration Review 73(6): 821–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Held, D. 1989. Models of Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Helms, L. 2015. ‘Democracy and innovation: From institutions to agency and leadership’, Democratization, ahead of print, DOI: 10.1080/13510347.2014.981667.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hersey, M. (ed.) 2014. Guide to U.S. Political Parties. Thousand Oaks: CQ Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Jessop, B. 1998. The Rise of Governance and the Risk of Failure: The Case of Economic Development. UNESCO no. 155. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.Google Scholar

Jones, B. D. and Baumgartner, F. R. 2005. The Politics of Attention. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Kingdon, J. W. 1984. Agendas, Alternatives, and Public Policies. Boston: Little Brown.Google Scholar

Kitschelt, H. 2000. ‘Linkages between citizens and politicians in democratic politics’, Comparative Political Studies 33(6/7): 845–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Klijn, E. H. and Koppenjan, J. 2000. ‘Interactive decision making and representative democracy: Institutional collisions and solutions’, in van Heffen, O., Kickert, W. J. M. and Thomassen, J. A. (eds.), Governance in Modern Society: Effects, Change and Formation of Government Institutions. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 114–24.Google Scholar

Kooiman, J. 1993. Modern Governance: New Government Society Interactions. London: Sage.Google Scholar

Kooiman, J. 2003. Governance as Governing. London: Sage.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Koppenjan, J. and Klijn, E. H. 2004. Managing Uncertainties in Networks. New York: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Koppenjan, J., Kars, M. and van der Vaart, H. 2011. ‘Politicians as metagovernors – Can metagovernance reconcile representative democracy and network reality?’ in Torfing, J. and Triantafillou, P. (eds.), Interactive Policy Making, Metagovernance and Democracy. Colchester: ECPR Press, pp. 129–48.Google Scholar

Lees-Marshment, J. 2015. The Ministry of Public Input. Houndsmill: Palgrave-Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Levin, K., Cashore, B., Bernstein, S. and Auld, G. 2012. ‘Overcoming the tragedy of super wicked problems: Constraining our future selves to ameliorate global climate change’, Policy Sciences 45(2): 124–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lijphart, A. 1999. Patterns of Democracy: Government Forms and Performance in Thirty-Six Countries. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar

Lindblom, C. 1959. ‘The science of “Muddling Through” ’, Public Administration Review 19(2): 79–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Macmillan, P. and Cain, T. 2010. Closing the Gap: Eliminating the Disconnect between Policy Design and Execution. Vancouver: Deloitte.Google Scholar

Mill, J. 1992. Political Writings, edited by Ball, Terence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Mintrom, M. and Vergari, S. 1998. ‘Policy networks and innovation diffusion: The case of state education reforms’, The Journal of Politics 60(1): 126–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Meuleman, L. 2008. Public Management and the Metagovernance of Hierarchies, Networks and Markets. Heidelberg: Springer Press.Google Scholar

Moulaert, F., MacCallum, D., Mehmood, A. and Hamdouch, A. (eds.) 2013. The International Handbook on Social Innovation. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Mulgan, G. and Albury, D. 2003. Innovation in the Public Sector. Strategy Unit, UK: Cabinet Office, October 2003.Google Scholar

Norris, P. 2011. Democratic Deficit: Critical Citizens Revisited. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Novelli, M., Schmitz, B. and Spencer, T. 2006. ‘Networks, clusters and innovation in tourism: A UK experience’, Tourism Management 25(6): 1141–52.Google Scholar

OECD 2010. The OECD Innovation Strategy: Getting a Head Start on Tomorrow. Paris: OECD.Google Scholar

Osborne, D. and Gaebler, T. 1993. Reinventing Government: How the Entrepreneurial Spirit is Transforming the Public Sector. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.Google Scholar

Osborne, S. 2010. The New Public Governance? New York: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Overeem, P. 2012. The Politics-Administration Dichotomy. Towards a Constitutional Perspecitive. Boca Raton: CRC Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Paulus, P. B. and Nijstad, B.A. (eds.) 2003. Group Creativity: Innovation through Collaboration. New York: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Peters, B. G. 2002. ‘Politicians and bureaucrats in the politics of policy-making’, in Osborne, S. (ed.), Public Management: Critical Perspectives on Business and Management. London. Routledge, pp. 156–82.Google Scholar

Peters, B. G. and Pierre, J. 2003. ‘Introduction: The role of Public Administration in governing’, in Peters, B. G. and Pierre, J. (eds.), Handbook of Public Administration. London: Sage, pp. 1–11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Pilkington, C. 1997. Representative Democracy in Britain Today. Manchester: Manchester University Press.Google Scholar

Polsby, N. W. 1984. Political Innovation in America: The Politics of Policy Initiation. New Haven: Yale University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ranga, L. M., Miedema, J. and Jorna, R. 2008. ‘Enhancing the innovative capacity of small firms through triple helix: Challenges and potentials’, Technology Analysis and Strategic Management 20(6): 697–716.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Rittel, H. W. J. and Webber, M. M. 1973. ‘Dilemmas in a general theory of planning’, Policy Sciences 4(2): 155–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Roberts, N. C. and Bradley, R. T. 1991. ‘Stakeholder collaboration and innovation: A study of public policy initiation at the state level’, The Journal of Applied Behavioural Science 27(1): 209–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Roberts, N. C. and King, P. J. 1996. Transforming Public Policy. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.Google Scholar

Rosenfeld, S. A. 1997. ‘Bringing business clusters into the mainstream of economic development’, European Planning Studies 5(1): 3–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Schumpeter, J. A. 1976 [1942]. Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy. Abingdon: Routledge.Google Scholar

Sherranden, M. G., Slosar, B. and Sherraden, M. 2000. ‘Innovation in social policy: collaborative policy advocacy’, Social Sciences 47(3): 209–21.Google Scholar

Smith, M. J. 1990. ‘Pluralism, reformed pluralism and neo-pluralism: The role of pressure groups in policy-making’, Political Studies 38(2): 302–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Sørensen, E. 2006. ‘Metagovernance: The changing role of politicians in processes of democratic governance’, American Review of Public Administration 36(1): 98–114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Sørensen, E. 2015. ‘Enhancing policy innovation by redesigning representative democracy’, Policy & Politics, available online. www.ingentaconnect.com/content/tpp/pap/pre-prints/content-PP_072;jsessionid=5pkfj3nffginl.alice.Google Scholar

Sørensen, E. and Torfing, J. 2005. ‘The democratic anchorage of governance networks’, Scandinavian Political Studies 28(3): 195–218.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Sørensen, E. and Torfing, J. 2007. Theories of Democratic Network Governance, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Sørensen, E. and Torfing, J. 2009. ‘Enhancing effective and democratic network governance through metagovernance’, Public Administration 87(2): 234–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Sørensen, E. and Torfing, J. 2011a. ‘Enhancing collaborative innovation in the public sector’, Administration and Society 43(8): 842–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Sørensen, E. and Torfing, J. 2011b. ‘Kommunalpolitikere som ledere af politikinnovation’, Økonomi og Politik 86(4): 33–47.Google Scholar

Sørensen, E. and Waldorff, S. B. 2014. ‘Collaborative policy innovation’, The Innovation Journal 19(3): 1–17.Google Scholar

Stoker, G. 2006. Why Politics Matters: Making Democracy Work. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar

Stoker, G. and Batley, R. 1991. Local Government in Europe: Trends and Developments. Basingstoke: Macmillan Education.Google Scholar

Stone, D. 1996. Capturing the Political Imagination: Think Tanks and the Policy Process. London: Frank Cass.Google Scholar

Strøm, K., Müller, W. C. and Bergman, T. (eds.) 2008. The Democratic Life Circle in Western Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Svara, J. H. 1998. ‘The politics-administration dichotomy model as aberration’, Public Administration Review 58 (1): 51–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Svara, J. H. 2001. ‘The myth of the dichotomy: Complementarity of politics and administration in the past and future’, Public Administration Review 61(2): 176–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Torfing, J. 2016. Collaborative Innovation in the Public Sector. Washington DC: Georgetown University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Torfing, J., Peters, B. G., Pierre, J. and Sørensen, E. 2012. Interactive Governance: Advancing the Paradigm. Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

US Government 2009. ‘Open Government Initiative’, The White House, www.whitehouse.gov/open/documents/open-government-directive.Google Scholar

Von Hippel, E. 1986. ‘Lead users: A source of novel product concepts’, Management Science 32(7): 791–806.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ågren, R. and Rolfstam, M. 2014. ‘A conjecture on institutional rationalities and property rights in public procurement of innovation’, in Decarolis, F., Piga, G. and Frey, M. (eds.), Public Procurement’s Place in the World: The Charge Towards Sustainability and Innovation. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 131–54.Google Scholar

Alonso, J. M., Clifton, J. and Díaz-Fuentes, D. 2015. ‘Did New Public Management matter? An empirical analysis of the outsourcing and decentralization effects on public sector size’, Public Management Review 17(5): 643–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Asker, J. and Cantillon, E. 2010. ‘Procurement when price and quality matter’, RAND Journal of Economics 41(1): 1–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Boschma, R. 2005. ‘Proximity and innovation: A critical assessment’, Regional Studies 39(1): 61–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Broadbent, J. and Laughlin, R. 1999. ‘The private finance initiative: Clarification of a future research agenda’, Financial Accountability & Management 15(2): 95–114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Brogaard, L. and Petersen, O. H. 2014. Offentlige-Private Innovationspartnerskaber (OPI): Evaluering af Erfaringer med OPI på Velfærdsområdet. Copenhagen: KORA.Google Scholar

Caranta, R. 2015. ‘The changes to the public contract directives and the story they tell about how EU law works’, Common Market Law Review 52(2): 391–459.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Christensen, T. and Lægreid, P. (eds.) 2007. Transcending New Public Management: The Transformations of Public Sector Reforms. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate.Google Scholar

Cropper, S., Ebers, M., Huxam, C. and Smith Ring, P. (eds.) 2008. The Oxford Handbook of Inter-Organizational Relations. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Crouch, C. 2011. The Strange Non-Death of Neo-Liberalism. Cambridge: Polity Press.Google Scholar

Edler, J. and Georghiou, L. 2007. ‘Public procurement and innovation: Resurrecting the demand side’, Research Policy 36(7): 949–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Edquist, C., Hommen, L. and Tsipouri, L. (eds.) 2000. Public Technology Procurement and Innovation. Boston/Dordrecht/London: Kluwer Academic Publishers.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Edquist, C. and Johnson, B. 1997. ‘Institutions and organizations in systems of innovation’, in Edquist, C. (ed.), Systems of Innovation: Technologies, Institutions and Organizations. London: Pinter, pp. 41–60.Google Scholar

Edquist, C., Vonortas, N. S. and Zabala-Iturriagagoitia, J. M. 2015. ‘Introduction’, in Edquist, C., Vonortas, N. S., Zabala-Iturriagagoitia, J. M. and Edler, J. (eds.), Public Procurement for Innovation. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, pp. 1–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

English, L. and Guthrie, J. 2003. ‘Driving privately financed projects in Australia: What makes them tick?’ Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 16(3): 493–511.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Georghiou, L. (ed.) 2008. The Handbook of Technology Foresight: Concepts and Practice. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gilson, R. J., Sabel, C. F. and Scott, R. E. 2009. ‘Contracting for innovation: Vertical disintegration and interfirm collaboration’, Columbia Law Review 109(3): 431–502.Google Scholar

Hart, O. 2003. ‘Incomplete contracts and public ownership: Remarks, and an application to public–private partnerships’, The Economic Journal 113(486): C69–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

HM Treasury 2000. Public Private Partnerships: The Government’s Approach. London: GSO.Google Scholar

Hodge, G. A. 2000. Privatization: An international Review of Performance. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.Google Scholar

Hodge, G. A. and Greve, C. (eds.) 2005. The Challenge of Public–Private Partnerships: Learning from International Experience. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hoppe, E. I., Kusterer, D. J. and Schmitz, P. W. 2013. ‘Public–private partnerships versus traditional procurement: An experimental investigation’, Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 89: 145–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hui, G. and Hayllar, M. R. 2010. ‘Creating public value in E-Government: A public–private-citizen collaboration framework in Web 2.0’, Australian Journal of Public Administration 69(1): 120–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Jayasuriya, K. 2005. ‘Capacity beyond the boundary: New regulatory state, fragmentation and relational capacity’, in Painter, M. and Pierre, J. (eds.), Challenges to State Policy Capacity: Global Trends and Comparative Perspectives. Houndmills, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 19–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kattel, R., Cepilovs, A., Drechsler, W., Kalvet, T., Lember, V. and Tõnurist, P. 2014. ‘Can we measure public sector innovation? A literature review’, LIPSE Working Papers 2: 1–45.Google Scholar

Kattel, R. and Lember, V. 2010. ‘Public procurement as an industrial policy tool: An option for developing countries’, Journal of Public Procurement 10(3): 368–404.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lember, V., Kattel, R. and Kalvet, T. (eds.) 2014. Public Procurement, Innovation and Policy: International Perspectives. Heidelberg: Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lember, V., Kattel, R. and Kalvet, T. 2015. ‘Quo vadis public procurement of innovation?’ Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research 28(3): 403–21.Google Scholar

Lindholst, A. C. and Bogetoft, P. 2011. ‘Managerial challenges in public service contracting: Lessons in green-space management’, Public Administration 89(3): 1036–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lundvall, B.-Å. (ed.) 1992/2010. National Systems of Innovation: Toward a Theory of Innovation and Interactive Learning. London: Anthem.Google Scholar

Macneil, I. R. 1980. The New Social Contract: An Inquiry into Modern Contractual Relations. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar

Martin, S., Hartley, K. and Cox, A. 1997. ‘Public purchasing in the European Union: Some evidence from contract awards’, International Journal of Public Sector Management 10(4): 279–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Mazzucato, M. 2013. The Entrepreneurial State: Debunking the Public vs. Private Myth in Risk and Innovation. London: Anthem Press.Google Scholar

McQuaid, R. W. and Scherrer, W. 2010. ‘Changing reasons for public private partnerships’, Public Money and Management 30(1): 27–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Moore, M. H. 1995. Creating Public Value: Strategic Management in Government. Harvard University Press.Google Scholar

Niskanen, W. 1971. Bureaucracy and Representative Government. Chicago: Aldine-Atherton.Google Scholar

Petersen, O. H. 2010. ‘Emerging meta-governance as a regulation framework for public–private partnerships: An examination of the European Union’s approach’, International Public Management Review 11(3): 1–21.Google Scholar

Petersen, O. H. and Hjelmar, U. 2013. ‘Marketization of welfare services in Scandinavia: A review of Swedish and Danish experiences’, Scandinavian Journal of Public Administration 17(4): 3–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Rolfstam, M. 2013. Public Procurement and Innovation: The Role of Institutions. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Stiglitz, J. E. and Wallsten, S. J. 1999. ‘Public–private technology partnerships promises and pitfalls’, American Behavioral Scientist 43(1): 52–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Terry, F. 1996. ‘The private finance initiative – Overdue reform or policy breakthrough?’ Public Money and Management 16(1): 9–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Torfing, J. and Triantafillou, P. 2013. ‘What’s in a name? Grasping New Public Governance as a political-administrative system’, International Review of Public Administration 18(2): 9–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Uyarra, E., Edler, J., Garcia-Estevez, J., Georghiou, L. and Yeow, J. 2014. ‘Barriers to innovation through public procurement: A supplier perspective’, Technovation 34(10): 631–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Vrangbæk, K., Petersen, O. H. and Hjelmar, U. 2015. ‘Is contracting out good or bad for employees? A review of international experience’, Review of Public Personnel Administration 35(1): 3–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Weiss, L. 2014. America Inc.? Innovation and Enterprise in the National Security State. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar

Wettenhall, R. 2003. ‘The rhetoric and reality of public–private partnerships’, Public Organization Review 3(1): 77–107.CrossRefGoogle Scholar