Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-x4r87 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-28T14:44:38.033Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Part VI - International

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 March 2017

Sharon E. Mace
Affiliation:
Department of Emergency Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Ohio
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Observation Medicine
Principles and Protocols
, pp. 397 - 428
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2017

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References

Emergency Centre Observation Wards. Cape Town: Western Cape Department of Health; 2010.Google Scholar
Emergency Centre Observation Wards. Pretoria: EMSSA; 2010.Google Scholar

References

Wilder, JL, Ross, MA, Ginde, AA. National Study of Emergency Department Observation Services. Acad Emerg Med 2011 Sep; 18(9): 959965.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Venkatesh, AK, Geisler, BP, Gibson Chambers, JJ, et al. Use of Observation Care in US Emergency Departments, 2001 to 2008. PloS One 2011; 6(9):e24326.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baugh, CW, Venkatesh, AK, Bohan, JS. Emergency Department Observation Units. A clinical and financial benefit for hospitals. Health Care Manage Rev. 2011 Jan–Mar; 36(1):2837.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Graff, L, Mucci, D, Radford, MJ. Decision to hospitalize: Objective diagnosis-related group criteria versus clinical judgement. Ann Emerg Med 1988; 17:943952.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ng, CW, Lim, GH, McMaster, F, et al. Patient satisfaction in an Observation Unit: the Consumer Assessment of Health Providers and Systems Hospital Survey. Emerg Med J. 2009 Aug; 26(8):586589.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
American College of Emergency Physicians. Management of Observation Units. Ann Emerg Med 1988; 17:13481352.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Realdi, G, Giannini, S, Floretto, P, et al. Diagnostic pathways of the complex patients: rapid intensive observation in an acute medical unit. Intern Emerg Med 2011 Oct; 6 Suppl 1:8592.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Graff, LG, Radford, MJ. Formula for emergency physician staffing. Ann Emerg Med 1990; 8:194199.Google ScholarPubMed
Observation Medicine Guidelines 2009. Victorian Government Department of Human Services, Melbourne, Australia.Google Scholar
Graff, LG. The observation patient in the DRG era. Am J Emerg Med 1988; 6:93103.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Neville, L, Rowland, RS. Short stay unit solves emergency overcrowding. Dimens Health Serv 1983; 60:2627.Google ScholarPubMed
Kellerman, A, Andrulis, A, Hackman, B. Hospital and emergency medicine department overcrowding. Results of a National Survey. Ann Emerg Med 1990; 19:447.Google Scholar

References

Williams, A, Jelinek, G, Rogers, I, et al. The effect of establishment of an observation ward on hospital admission profiles. Med Journal Aust 2000; 173:411414.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ross, M, Graff, L.. Principles of observation medicine. Emerg Med Clin Nth Am 2001; 19(1) 117.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Williams, A. Emergency department observation wards. In: Cameron, et al. (ed). Textbook of Adult Emergency Medicine. 2nd ed. Churchill Livingstone; 2004. pp. 710712.Google Scholar
Cooke, MW, Higgins, J, Kidd, P. Use of emergency observation and assessment wards: a systematic literature review. Emerg Med J 2003;20:138142.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chan, T, Arendts, G, Stevens, M. Variables that predict admission to hospital from an emergency department observation unit. Emerg Med Aust 2008; 20: 216220.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lucas, BP, Kumapley, R. A hospitalist-run short-stay unit: features that predict length-of-stay and eventual admission to traditional inpatient services. J Hosp Med 2009; 4(5): 276283.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Clinical Epidemiology & Health Service Evaluation Unit. Models of care to optimise acute length of stay – Short Stay/Observation Unit (SOU), Medical Assessment and Planning Unit (MAPU), Emergency Medical Unit (EMU). Available from www.royalmelbournehospital.org/project-reports/w1/i1017258/ (Accessed March 2016).Google Scholar

References

Ardagh, M. How to achieve New Zealand’s shorter stays in emergency departments health targets. New Zealand Medical Journal. 11 June 2010, Vol. 123 No. 1316; ISSN 1175 8716 www.nzma.org.nz/journal/123–1316/4152/ (Accessed March 2016).Google Scholar
Streaming and the use of Emergency Department Observation Units and Inpatient Assessment Units. www.hiirc.org.nz/page/18737/guidance-statement-ed-obervation-and-inpatient/?tab=4179&contentType=451&section=9088Google Scholar
Ardagh, M, Tonkin, G, Possenniskie, C. Improving acute patient flow and resolving emergency department overcrowding in New Zealand hospitals—the major challenges and the promising initiatives. New Zealand Medical Journal. 14 October 2011, Vol. 124 No. 1344; ISSN 1175 8716 http://journal.nzma.org.nz/journal/124-1344/4904/Google ScholarPubMed
Than, M, Cullen, L, Reid, CM, et al. A 2-h diagnostic protocol to assess patients with chest pain symptoms in the Asia-Pacific region (ASPECT): a prospective observational validation study The Lancet. 26 March 2011, Vol. 377, No. 9771, Pages 10771084. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60310-3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

References

World Health Organization: www.who.int/en/ (Accessed March 2016).Google Scholar
French Society for Emergency Medicine (SFMU). [Situation of emergency departments in France] (French) www.sfmu.org/documents/ressources/referentiels/Aval_SU_SFMU_mai_2005.pdf (Accessed March 2016).Google Scholar
French Society for Medicine Emergency on establishment, management, use and evaluation of ED observation units (French): www.sfmu.org/documents/ressources/referentiels/ref_uhcd.pdf (Accessed March 2016).Google Scholar
Ross, MA, Compton, S, Richardson, D, et al. The use and effectiveness of an emergency department observation unit for elderly patients. Annals of Emergency Medicine May 2003; 41(5):668677.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pines, JM, Weber, JA, Alkemade, AJ, et al. International Perspectives on Emergency Department Crowding. Acad Emerg Med 2011; 18:13581370.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

References

Mockel, M, Searle, J, Muller, R, et al. Chief complaints in medical emergencies: do they relate to underlying disease and outcome? The Charite Emergency Medicine Study (CHARITEM). Eur J Emerg Med 2012 Mar 1.Google Scholar
Pope, JH, Aufderheide, TP, Ruthazer, R, et al. Missed diagnoses of acute cardiac ischemia in the emergency department. N Engl J Med 2000 Apr 20;342(16):11631170.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Farkouh, ME, Smars, PA, Reeder, GS, et al. A clinical trial of a chest-pain observation unit for patients with unstable angina. Chest Pain Evaluation in the Emergency Room (CHEER) Investigators. N Engl J Med 1998 Dec 24;339(26):18821888.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goodacre, S, Nicholl, J, Dixon, S, et al. Randomised controlled trial and economic evaluation of a chest pain observation unit compared with routine care. BMJ 2004 Jan 31;328(7434):254.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Breuckmann, F, Post, F, Giannitsis, E, et al. Kriterien der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Kardiologie - Herz- und Kreislaufforschung für “Chest-Pain-Units.” Kardiologe 2008 Sep 15;5(2):389394.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hamm, CW. Guidelines: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS). II: Acute coronary syndrome with ST-elevation. Z Kardiol 2004 Apr;93(4):324341.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hamm, CW. [Guidelines: acute coronary syndrome (ACS). 1: ACS without persistent ST segment elevations]. Z Kardiol 2004 Jan;93(1):7290.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Post, F, Gori, T, Senges, J, et al. Establishment and progress of the chest pain unit certification process in Germany and the local experiences of Mainz. Eur Heart J 2012 Mar;33(6):682686.Google ScholarPubMed
Keller, T, Post, F, Tzikas, S, et al. Improved outcome in acute coronary syndrome by establishing a chest pain unit. Clin Res Cardiol 2010 Mar;99(3):149155.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Keller, T, Tzikas, S, Scheiba, O, et al. The length of hospital stay in patients with acute coronary syndrome is reduced by establishing a chest pain unit. Herz 2011 Nov 5.Google Scholar
Tzikas, S, Keller, T, Post, F, et al. Patient satisfaction in acute coronary syndrome. Improvement through the establishment of a chest pain unit. Herz 2010 Sep;35(6):403409.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

References

Bernstein, SL. The effect of emergency department crowding on clinically oriented outcomes. Acad Emerg Med. 2009 January; 16(1):110.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kellermann, AL. Crisis in the emergency department. N Engl J Med. 2006 September 28; 355(13):130.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ministero della salute: documento commissione urgenza-emergenza 2008. Available at: www.salute.gov.it/imgs/C_17_pubblicazioni_856_ulterioriallegati_ulterioreallegato_0_alleg.pdf (Accessed March 2016).Google Scholar
Hoot, NR. Systematic review of emergency department crowding: causes, effects, and solutions. Ann Emerg Med. 2008 August; 52(2):126–36. 0–3.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Il futuro della osservazione breve intensiva e della medicina d’urgenza. 2010. Available at: www.simeu.it/basilicata/convegnoOBiMatera/2_Guerra.pdf (Accessed March 2016).Google Scholar
DPR 27 marzo 1992. Atto di indirizzo e coordinamento alle Regioni per la determinazione dei livelli di assistenza sanitaria di emergenza pubblicato sulla G.U. n. 76 del 31/3/92 - Serie Generale. 1992. Available at: www.118italia.net/lex/dpr920327.asp (Accessed March 2016).Google Scholar
Section of Short Term Observation Services (ACEP): “Missed diagnosis and observation”, vol. 12, no. 1, April 2003; “Observation unit lecture”, vol. 13, no. 1, August 2004.Google Scholar
Ministero della Sanità. Gazzetta Ufficiale N. 114 Serie Generale del 17 maggio1996. Atto di intesa tra Stato e regioni di approvazione delle linee guida sul sistema di emergenza sanitaria in applicazione del decreto del Presidente della Repubblica 27 marzo 1992. 1996. Available at: www.ars.marche.it/nuovo/html/download/emergenza/documenti%20nazionali/int1705_96.pdf (Accessed March 2016).Google Scholar
DGR 946/07. Introduzione dell’osservazione breve intensiva nel Lazio dal 1 gennaio 2008: adempimento rif.1.3.3 del piano di rientro DGR 65/2007 e DGR 149/07. 2007. Available at: www.asplazio.it/asp_online/att_ospedaliera/files/file_emergenza/obi/elenco_quadri_clinici%20.pdf (Accessed March 2016).Google Scholar
Linee guida per la rilevazione delle prestazioni di specialistica ambulatoriale, di diagnostica strumentale e di laboratorio (SPA) e linee guida per la procedura informativa “scheda di pronto soccorso” (SPS) Available at: www.provincia.bz.it/oep/download/unione_SPS_PS.pdf (Accessed March 2016).Google Scholar
Proposta di linea guida istituzionale per l’Osservazione Breve in Abruzzo. 2004. Available at: www.simeu.it/abruzzo/PropostaLineaGuida.pdf (Accessed March 2016).Google Scholar
Piemonte e Valle d’Aosta. Osservazione Breve. 2006. Available at: www.simeu.it/piemonte/OBI_finale.pdf (Accessed March 2016).Google Scholar
DGR 24/05 Regione Emilia Romagna. Approvazione linee guida regionali per la funzione di osservazione breve intensiva (obi). Determinazione della tariffa di remunerazione dell’attivita’ e definizione degli adempimenti correlati ai flussi informativi. 2005. Available at: http://utenti.unife.it/giampaolo.garani/OssBreveIntensiva/OssBreveIntensiva-24-2005ER-evidenziato.doc (Accessed March 2016).Google Scholar
ACEP (American College Emergency Physicians) Policy Statement: Management of observation units, July 1994; Emergency Department Observation Unit, Oct 1998; Management of observation Units. Ann Em Med 1998, 17; 13481352; Emergency Care Guidelines, September 1996.Google Scholar

References

Mason, S. United Kingdom experiences of evaluating performance and quality in Emergency Medicine. Acad Emerg Med 2011; 18:12341238.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goodacre, SW. Role of short stay observation ward in accident and emergency departments in the United Kingdom. J Accid Emerg Med 1998; 15:2630.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Paw, RC. Emergency department staffing in England and Wales, April 2007, Emerg Med J 2008; 25:420423.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

References

Gilboy, N, Tanabe, P, Travers, D et al. Emergency Severity Index (ESI): A Triage Tool for Emergency Department Care. AHRQ Publication No. 12-0014, 2012.Google Scholar
Trzeciak, S, Rivers, EP. Emergency Department overcrowding in the United States: an emerging threat to patient safety and public health. Emergency Medicine Journal 2003; 20: 402405.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Asaro, PV, Lewis, LM, Boxerman, SB. The impact of input and output factors on emergency department throughput. Academic Emergency Medicine 2007; 14(3): 235242.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Daly, S, Campbell, DA, Cameron, PA. Short-stay units and observation medicine: a systematic review. Medical Journal of Australia 2003; 178: 559563.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Graff, L., 2. Principles of Observation Medicine. Observation Medicine: The Healthcare System’s Tincture of Time. 2011. www.iep.org/Our%20Physicians/Journal%20Club/Observation%20Medicine%2002.03.11/Observation%20Medicine.pdf (Accessed January 2012).Google Scholar
Baugh, CW, Graff, L. 8. Management – Staffing. Observation Medicine: The Healthcare System’s Tincture of Time. 2011. www.iep.org/Our%20Physicians/Journal%20Club/Observation%20Medicine%2002.03.11/Observation%20Medicine.pdf (Accessed January 2012).Google Scholar
Oldshaker, JS. Managing emergency department overcrowding. Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America 2009; 27(4): 593603.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gabrielli, L, Castro, P, Corbalán, R, et al. Long term follow up of patients consulting in a Chest Pain Unit. Revista Médica Chilena 2010; 138(9): 11171123. Spanish.Google Scholar
Appendix 2: Types of conditions most often managed in observation medicine units. Observation Medicine Guidelines 2009. Victorian Government Department of Human Services, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. www.health.vic.gov.au/emergency/obs09.pdf (Accessed January 2012).Google Scholar
Olshaker, JS, Rathlev, NK. Emergency Department overcrowding and ambulance diversion: the impact and potential solutions of extended boarding of admitted patients in the Emergency Department. Journal of Emergency Medicine 2006; 30(3): 351356.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×